High levels of whole raw soybean in diets for Nellore bulls in feedlot: effect on growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality          下载免费PDF全文

N. R. B. Cônsolo  R. Gardinal  J. R. Gandra  J. E. de Freitas Junior  F. P. Rennó  M. H. de A. Santana  S. B. Pflanzer Junior  A. S. C. Pereira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):201-209

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of whole raw soybean (WRS) in the finishing diet of Nellore cattle on productive performance, carcass traits, meat quality, fatty acid profile of meat, and blood parameters. In a completely randomized design, 52 Nellore bulls (mean body weight ± SD: 380 ± 34 kg) were allotted for 84 days. The animals received the following diets with a forage: concentrate ratio of 40/60: (i) WRS0: control diet without soybean grains; (ii) WRS8: diet containing 8% WRS in dry matter basis; (iii) WRS16: diet containing 16% WRS, and (iv) WRS24: diet containing 24% WRS. At intervals of 28 days, the animals were weighed, muscle and adipose tissue was analysed by ultrasound, and blood samples were collected. The animals were slaughtered on day 85 and liver weight and hot carcass weight were measured during slaughter. The pH and carcass dressing were calculated at 24 h after slaughter. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for the determination of fatty acid profile of meat, ether extract, tenderness and sensory analysis of meat aged for 14 days. Blood cholesterol content increased linearly with increasing proportion of whole raw soybean grains. The diet did not affect performance or carcass attributes. The WRS8 had the highest shear force values. In fatty acid profile, C14:0 decreased (p = 0.05), whereas 16:1, 20:0 and 20:1 fatty acids increased linearly with increasing proportion of WRS (p < 0.05). However, concentration of conjugated linoleic acid cis 9, trans 11 and 17:0 increased with WRS24 and WRS16. In the sensory analysis, WRS24 was more tender with respect to the other treatments (p < 0.05). Finally, the inclusion of WRS in the finishing diet of feedlot Nellore bulls only evidenced little changes in fatty acid profile and tenderness, in animals fed diets containing 16 or 24% soybean.  相似文献   

Effects of bovine leukemia virus infection on milk neutrophil function and the milk lymphocyte profile     

Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera  Fernando Nogueira de Souza  Camila Freitas Batista  Bruna Parapinski Santos  Luis Fernando Fernandes de Azevedo  Eduardo Milton Ramos Sanchez  Soraia Araújo Diniz  Marcos Xavier Silva  Jo?o Paulo Haddad  Maiara Garcia Blagitz 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

The effects of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on the immune response have been extensively investigated; however, its effects on mammary gland immunity are only speculative. Although BLV has a tropism for B cells, it can affect both adaptive and innate immunities because these systems share many effector mechanisms. This scenario is the basis of this investigation of the effects of BLV on mammary gland immunity, which is largely dependent upon neutrophilic functions. Thus, the present study sought to examine neutrophilic functions and the lymphocyte profile in the milk of naturally BLV-infected cows. The viability of the milk neutrophils and the percentage of milk neutrophils that produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) or phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus were similar between BLV-infected and BLV-uninfected dairy cows. Furthermore, the expression of CD62L and CD11b by the milk neutrophils and the percentage of milk neutrophils (CH138⁺ cells) that were obtained from the udder quarters of the BLV-infected cows were not altered. Conversely, the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) representing intracellular ROS production and the phagocytosis of S. aureus, the expression of CD44 by the milk neutrophils and the percentage of apoptotic B cells were lower in the milk cells from BLV-infected dairy cows, particularly those from animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL). The lymphocyte subsets were not different among the groups, with the exception of the percentage of CD5⁻/CD11b⁻ B cells, which was higher in the milk cells from BLV-infected cows, particularly those with PL. Thus, the present study provides novel insight into the implications of BLV infection for mammary gland immunity.  相似文献   

Earthworm (Pontoscolex corethrurus) survival and impacts on properties of soils from a lead mining site in Southern Brazil     

Duarte  Ana Paula  Melo  Vander Freitas  Brown  George G.  Pauletti  Volnei 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(5):851-860

Biology and Fertility of Soils - The survival and cast production of the tropical endogeic earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus and the changes in chemical and physical characteristics induced by gut...  相似文献   

Grapevine anthracnose in berries causes biochemical and enzymatic alterations     

Modesto  Lenon Romano  de Almeida  Anna Flávia Neri  Steiner  Daniel Ricardo Maass  Ribeiro  César Freitas  Nodari  Rubens Onofre  Welter  Leocir José  da Silva  Aparecido Lima 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,163(3):695-706

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Anthracnose (Elsinöe ampelina) is a major fungal disease in humid regions, causing damage to grapevine berries and decreasing fruit quality. Studies...  相似文献   

Validation and use of a qPCR protocol to quantify the spread of Ralstonia solanacearum in susceptible and resistant eucalypt plants     

Rodrigo G. Freitas  Pollyane S. Hermenegildo  Renan S. Cascardo  Lúcio M. S. Guimarães  Samuel A. Santos  Jorge L. Badel  Poliane Alfenas-Zerbini  Acelino C. Alfenas 《Plant pathology》2021,70(7):1708-1718

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious disease of eucalypt in humid and high temperature areas worldwide. Spreading of the bacterium in the field or to other nurseries occurs mainly by symptomless infected plant material. The use of pathogen-free propagating material as well as planting of resistant genotypes are currently the only strategies used for disease control. Therefore, a reliable and sensitive method for detection of low titres of R. solanacearum in infected plant tissue is essential for the success of management programmes. In this work, we adapted an efficient intercalating dye-based real-time PCR protocol to detect the bacterium in symptomless eucalypt plants as well as to investigate its movement in eucalypt clones CLR172 and CLR371, which exhibit resistant and susceptible phenotypes, respectively. We found that the bacterium translocates acropetally and basipetally in inoculated but symptomless cuttings of the resistant clone, as in cuttings of the susceptible clone displaying symptoms. Nevertheless, a smaller concentration of bacterial DNA was detected in tissues of the resistant clone. Mature biofilms occluding the xylem vessels were present in the susceptible clone whereas only single cells or small aggregates were observed in the resistant clone. This work contributes to improve our knowledge of the colonization process of R. solanacearum in eucalypt clones with different levels of susceptibility and to understand how the defence mechanisms against bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus work. Our findings could aid in the selection of the most resistant eucalypt clones to be used in wilt disease management programmes.  相似文献   

Seeds Collected from Different Ziziphus joazeiro Plants Are Differently Affected by Gibberellic Acid     

José Rivanildo de Souza Pinto  Rômulo Magno Oliveira de Freitas  Caio César Pereira Leal  Maria Clarete Cardoso Ribeiro 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(7):633-639

Ziziphus joazeiro is a tree endemic to Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil, with great economic potential. However, its commercial production is still limited due to low and non-uniform germination of seeds. Recently we demonstrated that gibberellic acid (GA₃) stimulates the emergence and uniformity of seedlings in this species. In its natural habitat, however, great morphological diversity between Z. joazeiro trees is found, suggesting great genetic variability. Therefore, it was necessary to test if the GA₃ effect is a general response. We collected seeds from four plants maintained in a collection. The plants were selected according to contrasting morphological characteristics. After breaking impermeability with 98% sulfuric acid, the seeds were treated with 2 mmol L^?1 GA₃ or a control with distillated water for 24 h. Effects ranged from great, low, and no effect of GA₃ stimulating the percentage and rapidity of emergence between genotypes tested. For reforestation, thus, the GA₃ treatment of Z. joazeiro seeds might reduce its genetic variability; but for economic production, it will be an adequate and simple treatment to increase the quantity and uniformity of seedlings.  相似文献   

Effect of three feeding management systems on some reproductive parameters of Scorpion mud turtles (Kinosternon scorpioides) in Brazil     

Jamile da Costa Araújo  Priscila Vieira e Rosa  Maria das Dores Correia Palha  Paulo Borges Rodrigues  Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas  Alanna do Socorro Lima da Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(3):729-735

Chelonians have been exploited since ancient times for their meat, eggs, fat, and offal, among other things. Among these animals, there is Scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) which is an omnivorous turtle with semiaquatic habits and is widely consumed in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different feeding management systems on the reproductive performance of captive-bred Scorpion mud turtles, including egg quality and chemical composition. Study animals included 15 males and 48 females, divided into three groups. Animals were fed with either a commercial diet or a commercial diet supplemented with one of two different mixes (wet diet). All animals were fed at 1 % BW/day divided on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Treatments were as follows: TR?=?100 % fish food (22 % CP); TRM1?=?70 % fish food?+?30 % mix 1 (bovine offal and fish); TRM2?=?70 % fish food?+?30 % mix 2 (bovine offal, fish, and shrimp). Samples were collected during 7 months, and eggs were identified, weighed, measured, and frozen for later analysis. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, were performed using the program SAEG 9.0. Measurements taken from the nests were compared using the Tukey’s test (P?<?0.05). The different diets were associated with differential egg-laying performance and eggshell thickness. Animals fed with wet diets containing protein of animal origin displayed the best performance. Furthermore, nests with fewer eggs contained eggs of better external quality (e.g., greater length, width, and eggshell thickness). Finally, animals fed with only commercial feed produced eggs with lower saturated fatty acid content.  相似文献   

Treatment of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater by Silica–Alginate–Fungi Biocomposites     

Kátia R. Duarte  Ana C. Freitas  Ruth Pereira  Jorge C. Pinheiro  Fernando Gon?alves  H. Azaari  Mohammed El Azzouzi  Abdallah Zrineh  Souad Zaydoun  Armando C. Duarte  Teresa A. P. Rocha-Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(7):4307-4318

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) generates a wide variety of pollutants depending on the production process and other factors such as olive varieties and cultivation system. Efforts to mitigate the impact of these effluents in the environment have been made by developing more efficient treatment systems in terms of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, organic compounds, and toxicity. This study is the first that reports the potential of a treatment of OMW by biocomposites of silica?Calginate?Cfungi (Pleurotus sajor caju and Trametes versicolor). The treatment by biocomposites can be considered as a three-step process responsible for the removal of the compounds: (1) adsorption of reactants on the monolithic structure and diffusion to the biological active sites, (2) biodegradation by the fungi, and (3) diffusion of the products resulting from the biodegradation. Both treatments tested showed potential capacity to remove organic compounds, color, COD, and toxicity. The T. versicolor biocomposites were the most effective and responsible for the reduction in color (from 38.4 to 44.9?%), COD (from 42.8 to 63.8?%), and total phenolic content (from 85.3 to 88.7?%) after 29?days of treatment. The toxicity reduction on Portuguese OMW was minimal, but the use of composites on the Moroccan OMW caused a 9.5- to 19-fold reduction in toxicity. Furthermore, the biocomposites showed potential for re-utilization for more 29?days of treatment.  相似文献   

The Prospective Use of Brazilian Marine Macroalgae in Schistosomiasis Control     

Erika M. Stein  Sara G. Tajú  Patrícia A. Miyasato  Rafaela P. de Freitas  Lenita de F. Tallarico  Guilherme S. dos Santos  Giovana L. F. Luiz  Henrique K. Rofatto  Fbio N. V. da Silva  Pio Colepicolo  Arthur L. Macedo  Carlos A. Carollo  Eliana Nakano 《Marine drugs》2021,19(5)

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects more than 250 million people. The treatment is limited to praziquantel and the control of the intermediate host with the highly toxic molluscicidal niclosamide. Marine algae are a poorly explored and promising alternative that can provide lead compounds, and the use of multivariate analysis could contribute to quicker discovery. As part of our search for new natural compounds with which to control schistosomiasis, we screened 45 crude extracts obtained from 37 Brazilian seaweed species for their molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata embryos and schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni. Two sets of extracts were taxonomically grouped for metabolomic analysis. The extracts were analyzed by GC–MS, and the data were subjected to Pattern Hunter and Pearson correlation tests. Overall, 22 species (60%) showed activity in at least one of the two models. Multivariate analysis pointed towards 3 hits against B. glabrata veliger embryos in the Laurencia/Laurenciella set, 5 hits against B. glabrata blastula embryos, and 31 against S. mansoni in the Ochrophyta set. Preliminary annotations suggested some compounds such as triquinane alcohols, prenylated guaianes, dichotomanes, and xenianes. Despite the putative identification, this work presents potential candidates and can guide future isolation and identification.  相似文献   

A Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Seaweed Gracilaria birdiae Prevents Naproxen-Induced Gastrointestinal Damage in Rats     

Renan O. Silva  Ana Paula M. Santana  Nathalia S. Carvalho  Talita S. Bezerra  Camila B. Oliveira  Samara R. B. Damasceno  Luciano S. Chaves  Ana Lúcia P. Freitas  Pedro M. G. Soares  Marcellus H. L. P. Souza  André Luiz R. Barbosa  Jand-Venes R. Medeiros 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2618-2633

Red seaweeds synthesize a great variety of sulfated galactans. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLSs) from seaweed are comprised of substances with pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of the PLS fraction extracted from the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae in rats with naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (control group—vehicle) or PLS (10, 30, and 90 mg/kg, p.o.) twice daily (at 09:00 and 21:00) for 2 days. After 1 h, naproxen (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered. The rats were killed on day two, 4 h after naproxen treatment. The stomachs were promptly excised, opened along the greater curvature, and measured using digital calipers. Furthermore, the guts of the animals were removed, and a 5-cm portion of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) was used for the evaluation of macroscopic scores. Samples of the stomach and the small intestine were used for histological evaluation, morphometric analysis and in assays for glutathione (GSH) levels, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. PLS treatment reduced the macroscopic and microscopic naproxen-induced gastrointestinal damage in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that the PLS fraction has a protective effect against gastrointestinal damage through mechanisms that involve the inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration and lipid peroxidation.  相似文献