Characterization of ovine strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA hybridization.     

G W De Lisle  D M Collins  H F Huchzermeyer 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1992,59(2):163-165

Restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA hybridization revealed five ovine strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from South Africa had identical DNA patterns to an ovine strain from Canada. Genetically this strain type has features in common with the two major groups of M. paratuberculosis.  相似文献   

Seasonal growth and diet of juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in demonstration channels and the main channel of the Waitaki River, New Zealand, 1982–1983     

G. Power 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》1992,1(1):12-25

Abstract– Juvenile chinook salmon in the Waitaki River, New Zealand and demonstration channels, living at about 16°C, increased in length by 0.32 mm day⁻¹ between 4 November and 4 March. They gained weight quickly, accumulated large visceral fat deposits and had high conditions factors. At 1600 h, stomachs averaged half full. The number of prey tended to decline as the fish grew and consumed larger items. Initially the diet was based mainly on chironomid larvae, but by December it included a diversity of prey in more equal proportions. These included Deleatidium in the Waitaki; amphipods in the demonstration channels; various trichopterans, hemipterans, elmid beetles, zooplankton. terrestrial dipterans and a variety of other prey. There were significant differences between sites in numbers of prey consumed and these probably reflected differences in the benthos. Diets in the Waitaki differ from those in the Rakaia River and the food of juvenile salmon appears closely linked to the availability of a diverse range of possible prey.  相似文献   

Ostertagia ostertagi infection in the calf: effects of a trickle challenge on appetite, digestibility, rate of passage of digesta and liveweight gain     

M T Fox  D Gerrelli  S R Pitt  D E Jacobs  M Gill  D L Gale 《Research in veterinary science》1989,47(3):294-298

The effects of a trickle challenge with the equivalent of 10,000 infective Ostertagia ostertagi larvae per day on appetite, digestibility, rate of passage of digesta and liveweight gain were investigated in 12 calves assigned to infected, pair-fed control and ad libitum-fed control groups. Digestibility of cellulose, nitrogen, organic matter and dry matter was determined using insoluble acid detergent fibre as a marker on two occasions during the study: (i) Between days 31 and 38, when abomasal dysfunction was greatest; and (ii) between days 52 and 58, beginning approximately one week after anthelmintic treatment (day 46). Rate of passage of digesta was measured using chromium mordanted hay, fed to each calf after each digestibility study period. Voluntary feed intake of the infected group was significantly reduced from day 37 with the greatest depression (77 per cent) occurring just before anthelmintic treatment. The drop in appetite was responsible for nearly 73 per cent of the difference in liveweight gain between the infected and ad libitum fed control groups. The apparent digestibility coefficient of nitrogen was significantly depressed (22 per cent) in the infected group though was restored to control levels by anthelmintic treatment. The rate of passage of digesta was significantly reduced in both pair-fed control (50 per cent) and infected (74 per cent) groups. Anthelmintic treatment increased the latter though only to pair-fed control group levels. It is suggested that the marked hypergastrinaemia seen in the infected calves may have been in part responsible for the decreased rate of passage of digesta and in turn for the drop in appetite.  相似文献   

Toxicité secondaire,en laboratoire, ďun rodenticide anticoagulant (bromadiolone) pour des prédateurs de rongeurs champêtres: buse variable (Buteo buteo) et hermine (Mustela erminea)1     

G. GROLLEAU  G. LORGUE  K. NAHAS 《EPPO Bulletin》1989,19(4):633-648

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Kinetics method for the quantitation of anthocyanidins, flavonols, and flavones in foods.     

H M Merken  C D Merken  G R Beecher 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(6):2727-2732

Flavonoids are important dietary constituents owing to their health-promoting properties. As a result, simplified analytic techniques are required for the population of databases with food values so that associations between dietary intake and disease risk/incidence can be established. The current research provides a simplified sample preparation procedure for the accurate estimation of food anthocyanidins, flavones, and flavonols as aglycons. Traditionally, flavonoid aglycons have been formed by acidic hydrolysis. However, some flavonoid aglycons are slowly degraded by acid. A procedure has been developed whereby anthocyanidins and flavonols are deglycosylated with HCl in 50% aqueous methanol and the resulting aglycons subsequently quantified by application of pseudo-first-order kinetics to their degradation. Flavones are also deglycosolated under similar conditions but, at appropriate temperatures, their aglycons are stable in acid, so kinetics were not required for the quantitation of this subclass of flavonoids. Catechins and flavanones were rapidly degraded under the hydrolytic conditions used in these studies.  相似文献   

The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece     

D. Bilalis  P. Efthimiadis  & G. Karagiannis 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(2):121-126

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.  相似文献   

Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Michael S. Lagutchik DVM  Gregory K. Ogilvie DVM  Wayne E. Wingfield MS  DVM  Timothy B. Hackett DVM  MS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1996,6(2):81-95.

Elevation in blood lactate concentration, with or without accompanying metabolic acidosis, is a hallmark finding in patients with circulatory compromise, and is also consistently noted in other conditions affecting critically ill or injured individuals. Little is reported in a veterinary literature regarding lactate measurement in the emergency and critical care setting, despite impressive reports of the clinical usefulness of lactate measurement in people. The purpose of this article is to review lactate kinetics and the clinical utility of lactate measurement. Limitations to lactate evaluation will also be discussed.  相似文献   

Pathotypes of Synchytrium endobioticum in Germany     

E. LANGERFELD  H. STACHEWICZ  J. RINTELEN† 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(4):799-804

Results are given of a survey on the occurrence of pathotypes (races) of Synchytrium endobioticum (potato wart) in both parts of re-unified Germany. An assortment of six differential cultivars appears to be sufficient to distinguish between the seven presently important German wart pathotypes. A total of ten pathotypes was recorded. Two West and two East German pathotypes seem to be identical, based on the results obtained with presently available cultivars. In contrast to pathotype 1 (common race) which prior to 1945 was distributed over the whole German territory, the 'new' pathotypes seem to prefer the central and south German mountain areas.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of ceftiofur in serum, tissue chamber fluid and bronchial secretions from healthy beef-bred calves.          下载免费PDF全文

S L Halstead  R D Walker  J C Baker  R E Holland  G E Stein    J G Hauptman 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1992,56(4):269-274

Ceftiofur is a new broad spectrum cephalosporin marketed for the treatment of acute bovine respiratory disease. In this investigation ceftiofur was administered by intramuscular injection, at 24 h intervals, to healthy beef-bred calves for four days at dosages of 2.2 and 4.4 mg/kg of body weight, with 4 wk intervals between dosing regimens. Serum, tissue chamber fluid (TCF), and bronchial secretion (BS) concentrations of ceftiofur were measured by microbiological assay after the first and fourth dose of each dosing regimen. Peak serum concentrations (Cmax) of 8.8 micrograms/mL and 17.3 micrograms/mL were obtained approximately 2 h (Tmax), the time of mean peak concentration) after single injections of 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax was increased approximately twofold following multiple doses of 2.2 mg/kg (Cmax = 13.1 micrograms/mL) and 4.4 mg/kg (Cmax = 24.1 micrograms/mL). Ceftiofur accumulated slowly into TCF and peak concentrations were found to be approximately 14% of those observed in serum after the first dose and approximately 24% after multiple dosing. Concentrations of ceftiofur in BS were obtained rapidly with peak concentrations reaching 45% of the serum Cmax after the first dose. After multiple dosing the Cmax for BS was approximately 25% of the serum Cmax. This study found that both the 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg dosing regimens resulted in continuous serum, TCF and BS concentrations of ceftiofur that exceeded the minimal concentration required to inhibit the bacteria most frequently isolated from calves with acute bovine respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Management of Critical Care Facilities     

Thomas E. Catanzaro DVM  MHA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1994,4(1):45-47

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