Insights into the economic consequences of the 2007 equine influenza outbreak in Australia     

Smyth GB  Dagley K  Tainsh J 《Australian veterinary journal》2011,89(Z1):151-158

We estimate and describe the financial costs of the equine influenza (EI) outbreak in Australia, including the costs of emergency response measures and lost income/assets to businesses, associations and private horse owners. Costs to associations, governments and industry are discussed. We identify a lack of reliable data about the financial costs of the EI outbreak to the non-racing sectors of the horse industry.  相似文献   

Increases in phosphatase and β‐glucosidase activities in wheat seedlings in response to phosphorus‐deficient growth     

Douglas A. Smyth  Peggy Chevalier 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1221-1231

The ability of plants to utilize P efficiently is important for crops growing in P‐deficient soils or on soils with a high P‐fixing capacity. The purpose of this work was to investigate early physiological changes which occur when wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings were grown under P‐deficient conditions. Wheat plants were grown in a greenhouse and watered with nutrient solution containing or lacking P. During the interval 12 to 18 days after planting, the dry weight of wheat seedlings was similar regardless of P treatment, although the P‐deficient plants had a greater proportion of the total plant weight in the roots. Sixteen days after planting, the roots and leaves of P‐deficient plants had only 20 to 30% the P content of P‐sufficient plants. After 16 days, plants grown under P stress had 41% more p‐nitrophenol phosphatase activity and 70% more β‐glucosidase activity in shoot homogenates than was found in P‐sufficient plants. Changes in both enzyme activities may be involved in the mobilization of plant resources during the early stages of P‐deficient growth.  相似文献   

Effects of Superoxide Disrnutase and Allopurinol on the Survival of Acute Island Skin Flaps     

Im MJ  Manson PN  Bulkely GB  Hooper JE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1985,14(3):234-234

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Post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations and ammonia tolerance in Maltese dogs with and without hepatic vascular anomalies     

PLC TISDALL  GB HUNT †  G TSOUKALAS ‡  R MALIK § 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(4):121-126

SUMMARY: Post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations were measured in 200 Maltese dogs in an attempt to identify those with subclinical portosystemic shunts. Five of these were later shown to have hepatic pathology or abnormal liver function. In the other 195 Maltese bile acid concentrations ranged from 1 to 362 μmol.L^-1 (mean ± SD, 70 ±50 μmol.L^-1; median, 65.0 μmol.L^-1). Of these, 79% were above the reference range (0 to 31 μmol.L^-1) established from 23 mixed-breed control dogs. It was therefore not possible to determine the prevalence of subclinical portosystemic shunts on the basis of bile acid determinations.
Further investigation of liver function was performed to investigate why bile acid concentrations were increased in these dogs. Rectal ammonia tolerance tests were normal in 102 of 106 Maltese tested and liver samples (11 dogs) and plasma biochemistry profiles (9 dogs) demonstrated no significant hepatic disease or dysfunction.
Of 2 Maltese with hyperammonaemia after administration of ammonium chloride, one had a large congenital portosystemic shunt that was confirmed at surgery. In the other there were no macroscopic portosystemic communications, but a liver biopsy showed histological changes consistent with microscopic portovascular dysplasia.
Total serum bile acid concentrations were consistently lower when assessed by highperformance liquid chromatography than by an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. This discrepancy was substantially larger in Maltese than in control dogs, suggesting the presence of an additional reacting substance in the serum of Maltese dogs.  相似文献   

Glomerulopathy in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts     

PLC TISDALL  TLW ROTHWELL †  GB HUNT ‡  R. MALIK 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(2):52-54

Kidney specimens from 12 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts were examined histologically. Glomerulopathy of variable severity was present in the kidney sections of all 12. Marked irregular thickening of the glomerular capillary wall was the most prominent pathological change, the renal interstitium being largely unaffected. The severity of lesions was not correlated with the age of dogs at the time of necropsy. An immunoperoxidase technique failed to demonstrate significant IgA or IgG deposition in affected glomeruli. Proteinuria was generally mild or absent despite significant glomerular lesions, except in dogs with concurrent urinary tract infection.  相似文献   

Economic effects of clinical chicken anemia agent infection on profitable broiler production.     

S G McIlroy  M S McNulty  D W Bruce  J A Smyth  E A Goodall  M J Alcorn 《Avian diseases》1992,36(3):566-574

An outbreak of anemia dermatitis syndrome caused by chicken anemia agent (CAA) occurred in 15 broiler flocks. An average of 29% of chickens in these flocks were derived from a common breeder flock. The breeder flock had no antibody to CAA at 20 weeks of age but had seroconverted by 31 weeks. Diseased broiler flocks were derived from eggs laid by the breeder flock between 25 and 30 weeks of age. CAA infection in the breeder flock was subclinical, with no apparent effects on mortality or performance. A strategic program of therapeutic and/or prophylactic antibiotic therapy was begun in affected broiler flocks as soon as the disease was diagnosed. Nevertheless, when the cost of therapy was taken into account, affected broiler flocks had a net income 17.3% to 19.6% lower than normal flocks. Average bird weights were 3.3% to 3.5% lower in affected flocks than in unaffected flocks, and affected flocks had a significantly greater proportion of lighter birds. Average mortality in affected flocks was 2.0% to 2.3% higher than in normal flocks, with peak mortality occurring in the third week of life. There was no apparent effect on feed-conversion ratio.  相似文献   

Stillbirth/perinatal weak calf syndrome: preliminary pathological, microbiological and biochemical findings.     

J A Smyth  P T McNamee  D G Kennedy  S J McCullough  E F Logan  W A Ellis 《The Veterinary record》1992,130(12):237-240

Microbiological, biochemical and pathological data collected from 293 calves which were either stillborn, or born alive and either failed to breathe or failed to breathe for more than about 10 minutes are presented. No bacteria were recovered from 96 of the calves (32.7 per cent), and bacteria which were considered significant were isolated from only four (1.4 per cent). Evidence of leptospiral infection was found in 75 calves (25.5 per cent). Of 64 calves examined for bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) antigens, two were positive for BVD virus and none for IBR virus. The mean (+/- sd) liver vitamin E and kidney selenium concentrations, determined in 148 of the calves, were 2.0 +/- 0.76 micrograms/g wet matter and 0.47 +/- 0.17 micrograms/g wet matter, respectively. The thyroid iodine concentration in 15 of 71 calves (21 per cent) was less than 300 micrograms/g wet matter and the mean (+/- sd) thyroid weight of 266 of the calves was 18.5 +/- 11.6 g. Evidence of severe trauma was found in 19 of the calves (6.5 per cent). Histological findings included thyroid epithelial hyperplasia, hepatic haemosiderosis, erythrophagocytosis in the spleen, perivascular haemorrhage in brain and adrenal glands, and accumulation of leucocytes in blood vessels.  相似文献   

Feline immunodeficiency virus: a brief review.     

M Bennett  N R Smyth 《The British veterinary journal》1992,148(5):399-412

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), previously known as feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus (FTLV), was first described by Pedersen et al. (1987) who isolated the virus from cats with a variety of clinical signs suggestive of immunodeficiency. Since then FIV has become one of the most studied feline viruses, not least because of its similarity to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) which cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in man.  相似文献   

Effect of Modified Eros Centre on Some Reproductive Parameters of the Sow     

GB Molnar  G Bilkei 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2003,38(3):236-238

The effect of a modified eros centre on weaning to oestrus interval, follicle size, ovulation and farrowing rate and total born litter size was investigated. In modified eros centre 94.4% and in group housing 79.1% of the sows (p < 0.01) expressed oestrus within 10 days post‐weaning. Weaning to oestrus interval was shorter (p < 0.001) for sows kept in modified eros centre. The interval from onset of oestrus to the time of ovulation was longer for sows in group housing (p=0.05). The time of ovulation was negatively correlated (r=?0.50) with the interval from weaning to oestrus (p=0.005). The time of ovulation after onset of oestrus was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter for sows expressing oestrus within 2–4 days of weaning, compared with the animals that expressed oestrus between days 5 and 6 post‐weaning and was shortest for sows expressing oestrus after day 6 post‐weaning. Farrowing rate was not affected by a modified eros centre. Litter size tended to be smaller in group‐housed weaned sows (p=0.10). The timing of last artificial insemination relative to time of ovulation did not affect litter size (p > 0.10). The implication of these results is that a modified eros centre may improve some of the post‐weaning oestrous parameters of the sow.  相似文献   

Human seroprevalence to Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Northern Ireland     

McCaughey C  McKenna J  McKenna C  Coyle PV  O'Neill HJ  Wyatt DE  Smyth B  Murray LJ 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(4):189-194

Despite the widespread prevalence of infection with Coxiella burnetii, there have been few large population-based studies examining the epidemiology of this infection. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and determinants of C. burnetii past infection in Northern Ireland (NI). Coxiella burnetii phase II specific IgG antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in stored serum from 2,394 randomly selected subjects, aged 12-64, who had participated in population-based surveys of cardiovascular risk factors performed in 1986 and 1987. The overall prevalence of C. burnetii antibody positivity was 12.8%. The prevalence of sero-positivity was slightly higher in males than that in females (14.3% versus 11.2%, P = 0.02). Sero-positivity was low in children (<10%), increasing to 19.5% and 16.4% in males and females, respectively, in the 25-34 age group and subsequently remaining fairly steady with increasing age. Sero-positivity among farmers, at 48.8%, was significantly higher than the general population. More sero-positive than sero-negative women had a history of a miscarriage or still-birth (19.5% versus 9.8%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrated a high prevalence of evidence of past C. burnetii infection in NI. Associations between past C. burnetii infection and age, sex, social class, occupation and reproductive history were seen. We estimate that 20% of Q fever infections in NI occur in farmers.  相似文献