Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia is a heritable trait of the dam rather than the calf and correlates with the magnitude of vaccine induced maternal alloantibodies not the MHC haplotype     

Lindert Benedictus  Henny G Otten  Gerdien van Schaik  Walter GJ van Ginkel  Henri CM Heuven  Mirjam Nielen  Victor PMG Rutten  Ad P Koets 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

Bovine Neonatal Pancytopenia (BNP), a bleeding syndrome of neonatal calves, is caused by alloantibodies absorbed from the colostrum of particular cows. A commercial BVD vaccine is the likely source of alloantigens eliciting BNP associated alloantibodies. We hypothesized that the rare occurrence of BNP in calves born to vaccinated dams could be associated with genetic differences within dams and calves. We found that the development of BNP within calves was a heritable trait for dams, not for calves and had a high heritability of 19%. To elucidate which genes play a role in the development of BNP we sequenced candidate genes and characterized BNP alloantibodies. Alloantigens present in the vaccine have to be presented to the dam’s immune system via MHC class II, however sequencing of DRB3 showed no differences in MHC class II haplotype between BNP and non-BNP dams. MHC class I, a highly polymorphic alloantigen, is an important target of BNP alloantibodies. Using a novel sequence based MHC class I typing method, we found no association of BNP with MHC class I haplotype distribution in dams or calves. Alloantibodies were detected in both vaccinated BNP and non-BNP dams and we found no differences in alloantibody characteristics between these groups, but alloantibody levels were significantly higher in BNP dams. We concluded that the development of BNP in calves is a heritable trait of the dam rather than the calf and genetic differences between BNP and non-BNP dams are likely due to genes controlling the quantitative alloantibody response following vaccination.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0129-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Haemolytic anaemia associated with Theileria sp. in an orphaned platypus     

AE Kessell  JG Boulton  GJ Dutton  R Woodgate  S Shamsi  A Peters  JH Connolly 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(11):443-449

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Tail docking in dogs: A sample of attitudes of veterinarians and dog breeders in Queensland     

GJ NOONAN  JS RAND  JK BLACKSHAW †  J. PRIEST ‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):86-88

One hundred veterinarians and 100 breeders of traditionally docked dogs from Queensland were surveyed by telephone to determine their attitudes towards tail docking. Eighty-four percent of the breeders surveyed were in favour of docking, whereas 83% of veterinarians were opposed to the practice. Most pups were docked between 1 and 3 days of age. All veterinarians surgically amputated the tail, whereas 16% of breeders applied rubber bands to the tail. Seventy-six percent of the veterinarians, but only 18% of the breeders believed that docking caused significant to severe pain. No veterinarians, but 25% of the dog breeders believed that docking was painless. Although recent changes to the Queensland Canine Control Council's rulings allow dogs with intact tails to be shown in traditionally docked classes, the requirement of breed standard was cited as the major reason for tail docking by both breeders and veterinarians.  相似文献   

Measurement of soil gas diffusivity in situ     

B.C. BALL  C.A. GLASBEY  E.A.G. ROBERTSON 《European Journal of Soil Science》1994,45(1):3-13

Assessment of gas diffusivity in situ gives a direct measure of the ability of soils to exchange gas with minimal soil disturbance. A versatile, readily portable probe for measuring the diffusion of a tracer gas through soil in situ is described. The radioactive tracer ⁸⁵Kr is injected into a cell located at the end of the probe. The change in activity within the cell as the gas diffuses out is measured by a Geiger-Muller tube in the cell. The probe can be used by insertion either directly into an auger hole (buried-probe mode) or into a chamber pushed into the soil surface. A method to simulate diffusion numerically using Fick's equation for both methods of insertion is presented. In the tests reported, diffusivity was estimated by expanding or contracting the time axis of the simulation until it matched the observed count rates. A goodness-of-fit was attached to each diffusivity estimate. The probe was generally effective, giving diffusivities comparable to those measured in the laboratory on cores taken near the cell (buried-probe mode) or linked to the surface chamber. Poor fits were found for some diffusivities measured in the buried-probe mode on coarsely structured soils. These were attributed to non-uniform distribution of porosity and possible upward leakage of tracer when used at shallow depths in the buried-probe mode. However, thein situ diffusivities may be more representative than those measured in cores in the laboratory because of the greater sample volume. We show how the probe can be used to detect soil layers that restrict gas diffusivity and differences in aeration status between tillage treatments.  相似文献   

OBBEBVATIONB ON THE VALUE OF DDT FOR THE CONTROL OF THE POULTRY STICKFABT FLEA, ECHZDNOPHAGA GALLINACE9 WESTWOOD     

F. H. S. ROBERTS D.Sc.    P.J.O STJLLIVAN B.Agr.Sc.    P. RUM BALL R.D.A.  A. W. Mc-LAUCHLAN Q.D.A. 《Australian veterinary journal》1947,23(6):148-152

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Epidemiological aspects of proliferative kidney disease amongst rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson in Northern Ireland     

H. W. FERGUSON  H. J. BALL 《Journal of fish diseases》1979,2(3):219-225

Abstract. The epidemiology of PKD is described as it relates to one affected farm in Northern Ireland. From 1972–1976 stocking and management practices led to mortality of 10–15% amongst the 0+fish. 1+or older fish were never affected. In 1977 and 1978, however, delaying the stocking of the farm until July eliminated deaths in the 0+fish, and mortality in these 1977-moved fish the subsequent year remained at an absolute minimum. Preliminary observations suggest that a means of controlling the disease has been found.
Experimental work demonstrates that the resistance of 1 +or older fish is due to previous exposure and is not an age-related immunity. Experimental work also suggests the presence of an incubation period of 6–7 weeks and that the peak time of infectivity is probably around May. None of the evidence detracts from the possibility that an infectious agent is involved although an attempt to transmit the disease failed.  相似文献   

Depot injection of barium selenate for long-term prevention of selenium inadequacy in beef cattle     

GJ Judson  PJ Babidge 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(4):154-155

In southern Australia, cattle at risk from selenium (Se) deficiency can be given an oral dose of supplements that are effective in maintaining adequate Se status for between 9 and 12 months. The present study was undertaken to assess the duration of the effect of parenteral barium selenate (BaSe) in raising the Se status of cattle at pasture in an area of marginal Se deficiency. The BaSe was given subcutaneously to Hereford heifers, using an 18-gauge needle. Cattle had regular blood sampling to assay Se, from 8 days before dosing to 1155 days afterwards. Results show that a single injection of BaSe was effective in elevating blood and plasma Se concentrations to normal values for at least 2 to 3 years, when given to beef cattle of low normal Se status. We suggest that a prophylactic dosage of 0.5 mg Se/kg body weight as BaSe should be given every 2 years to prevent Se inadequacy in beef cattle grazing pasture of marginal Se content.  相似文献   

Determination of serum anti‐Müllerian hormone concentrations for the diagnosis of granulosa‐cell tumours in mares     

B. A. BALL  J. ALMEIDA  A. J. CONLEY 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(2):199-203

Reasons for performing study: Endocrinological assays are important for evaluation of mares with granulosa‐cell tumours (GCTs), and our research in mares indicates that anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) may be a good biomarker for this type of ovarian tumour. Objectives: To evaluate the use of serum AMH concentrations for endocrine diagnosis of GCTs in mares. Methods: Archived serum samples (n = 403) previously assayed for determination of serum inhibin, testosterone and progesterone concentrations (GCT panel) were assayed for serum AMH concentrations using a heterologous enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay previously validated by our laboratory. For a subset (n = 44) of these samples, a clinical diagnosis of GCT was confirmed by histopathology. Results: Overall, the sensitivity of AMH (98%) for detection of histologically confirmed GCTs was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that of either inhibin (80%) or testosterone (48%) or the combination of inhibin and testosterone (84%). Conclusions: Determination of serum AMH concentrations is a useful biomarker for detection of GCTs in the mare. Potential relevance: Measurement of serum AMH concentrations can be used for diagnosis of GCTs in the mare. As serum AMH concentrations do not vary significantly during the oestrous cycle or pregnancy, interpretation of these results is not confounded by these physiological states.  相似文献   

LOSS-ON-IGNITION AS AN ESTIMATE OF ORGANIC MATTER AND ORGANIC CARBON IN NON-CALCAREOUS SOILS   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

D. F. BALL 《European Journal of Soil Science》1964,15(1):84-92

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The use of vascular access ports in nonanesthetized green iguanas (iguana iguana) to collect baseline arterial blood gas parameters.     

JC Hess  KA Grimm  GJ Benson  WA Tranquilli  R Sarr 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):18-18

The green iguana, Iguana iguana, is used as a model in reptile anesthesia research because of its size, availability, and the body of knowledge characterizing its physiology. Arterial blood gas values in nonanesthetized green iguanas have not been determined because of the technical difficulty involved. Vascular access port (VAP) placement to facilitate blood sampling has been described in other species, but not lacertilians. This abstract describes the technique for placement of VAPs and the values for arterial blood gas parameters in seven 1 kg adult green iguanas. Using sterile technique, a 1.5 cm incision was made on the lateral side of the neck. Blunt dissection ventral to the external jugular vein revealed the internal and external carotid arteries near their bifurcation. The catheter was inserted into the internal carotid artery and then guided to the common carotid artery. The other end of the catheter was tunneled below the skin to a subcutaneous location, caudal‐dorsal to the iSPSilateral scapula. The skin was closed and the port was flushed twice a week with heparinized saline. Post‐operatively, the VAPs were well tolerated by the iguanas. Difficulties included port disconnection (n = 1), inability to aspirate blood after a few weeks (n = 2), and infection (n = 1). The iguanas were breathing room air prior to and during blood collection. From the five functional VAPs, the blood pH, PCO₂, PO₂, HCO^‐₃, and BE (measured at 37 °C) were 7.45 ± 0.06; 37.5 ± 7.0 mm Hg, 99.0 ±16.6 mm Hg, 25.4 ± 2.5 mmol L^–1, and 1.5 ±2.4 mmol L^–1 respectively (mean ± SD). VAPs can be successfully used to facilitate collection of arterial blood gas samples in green iguanas. These values are similar to those reported for most mammalian species. This technique should facilitate research in anesthesiology and respiratory physiology of iguanas and other lacertilians.  相似文献