Comparison of inoculation regimes for the experimental production of swine erysipelas arthritis: I Clinical, pathological and bacteriological findings     

GJ EAMENS  PJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):212-216

The arthritic form of swine erysipelas was induced in pigs by multiple intravenous inoculation of 2 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The strains differed significantly in their arthritogenicity but not in the number of cases of lameness induced. The use of 3 intravenous inoculations instead of 5 did not significantly affect the outcome. In a second trial, the more arthritogenic strain was injected in ten-fold dilutions from 5 x 10(9) to 5 x 10(4) organisms. Pigs receiving the lower doses showed high variability in their arthritic responses that precluded sensitive analysis of the dose effects on the number of arthritic and infected joints. However, slaughter weights showed a significant negative correlation with dose. Mean slaughter weights in treatment groups varied by 14.6 kg per pig, an average weight loss of 3 kg per pig for each ten-fold rise in dose of the highly virulent strain, and significantly correlated with the number of arthritic and infected joints. Culture of homogenised synovial membrane through selective horse meat-serum broth containing kanamycin, neomycin and vancomycin identified 66% and 59% more infected joints than primary blood agar culture of synovial fluid or synovial membrane homogenate, respectively.  相似文献   

Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz cattle dip fluid     

GJ EAMENS  SA SPENCE  MJ TURNER 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(10):703-706

OBJECTIVE: To determine the survival time of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz-based cattle dip fluid derived from an active dip site in northern New South Wales. PROCEDURE: Following inoculation of triplicate 5 L containers with faeces (0.5 g/L) from a clinical case of bovine paratuberculosis, samples collected up to 8 weeks after inoculation were examined by conventional and radiometric culture. M a paratuberculosis colonies were enumerated on solid media. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: M a paratuberculosis survived in amitraz cattle dip fluid for up to 2 weeks, but not 3 weeks. Where 1% of solids in dip fluid is derived from a clinical case of paratuberculosis, dip fluid may contain viable M a paratuberculosis for at least 2 weeks. These findings have implications for the management of cattle dip sites.  相似文献   

The serological responses of chickens to mass vaccination with a live V4 Newcastle disease virus vaccine in the field and in the laboratory 2. Layer pullets     

IG BELL  PJ NICHOLLS  C NORMAN  K COOPER  GM CROSS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):90-92

Layer chickens on a commercial started pullet farm were vaccinated once at 31 to 52 days of age by drinking water or aerosol with live V4 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. Flockmates which had been rehoused in laboratory isolation pens shortly beforehand were similarly vaccinated. Samples of birds were bled at intervals and the serums tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibody to NDV. Log2 mean titres of up to 4.88 and assumed protection levels (based on the percentage of birds with log2 titres of 4 or greater) of up to 81%, were obtained in the field trials within 4 weeks of vaccination. A subsequent laboratory trial further compared the response of different breeds of chicken to different routes of vaccination. Differences were observed between breeds, routes of vaccination, and parallel field and laboratory trials. The results show that this V4 vaccine can produce an adequate serological response following mass vaccination of Australian layer pullets housed under commercial conditions, and that care should be exercised in extrapolating results obtained under laboratory conditions.  相似文献   

Relative Contributions of Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium to Heat Production in the Earth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GJ Wasserburg  GJ Macdonald  F Hoyle  WA Fowler 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1964,143(3605):465-467

Data from a wide variety of igneous rock types show that the ratio of potassium to uranium is approximately 1 X 10(4). This suggests that the value of K/U approximately 1 X 10(4) is characteristic of terrestrial materials and is distinct from the value of 8 X 10(4) found in chondrites. In a model earth with K/U approximately 10(4), uranium and thorium are the dominant sources of radioactive heat at the present time. This will permit the average terrestrial concentrations of uranium and thorium to be 2 to 4.7 times higher than that observed in chondrites. The resulting models of the terrestrial heat production will be considerably different from those for chondritic heat production because of the longer half-life of U(238) and Th(238) compared with K(40).  相似文献   

Early Forest Soils and Their Role in Devonian Global Change   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GJ Retallack 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5312):583-585

A paleosol in the Middle Devonian Aztec Siltstone of Victoria Land, Antarctica, is the most ancient known soil of well-drained forest ecosystems. Clay enrichment and chemical weathering of subsurface horizons in this and other Devonian forested paleosols culminate a long-term increase initiated during the Silurian. From Silurian into Devonian time, red clayey calcareous paleosols show a greater volume of roots and a concomitant decline in the density of animal burrows. These trends parallel the decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide determined from isotopic records of pedogenic carbonate in these same paleosols. The drawdown of carbon dioxide began well before the Devonian appearance of coals, large logs, and diverse terrestrial plants and animals, and it did not correlate with temporal variation in volcanic or metamorphic activity. The early Paleozoic greenhouse may have been curbed by the evolution of rhizospheres with an increased ratio of primary to secondary production and by more effective silicate weathering during Silurian time.  相似文献   

Interregional Spillovers in Regional Impact Assessment: New Mexico,Texas, and the Supreme Court     

JOEL R. HAMILTON  M. HENRY ROBISON  NORMAN K. WHITTLESEY  JOHN ELLIS 《Growth and change》1994,25(1):75-89

ABSTRACT Input-output models are frequently used to estimate impacts, benefits or damages from some event. These analytic models and the questions they are designed to answer are usually based on political definitions of regions. However the true impacts propagate according to the actual spatial pattern of the regional economy. Because of the divergence between the political regions used for analysis and the economic regions on the ground, the economic impacts which spill over political boundaries can sometimes become analytically important. This paper applies these concepts to a case study of allocating irrigation water from the Pecos River in Texas and New Mexico. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that New Mexico used water belonging to Texas. Our analysis suggests that the spillover benefits to Texas from New Mexico's use of the water might equal or exceed the benefits which Texas would have gotten from using the water itself. Texas might be better off because New Mexico took its water.  相似文献   

Pimelea neo-anglica poisoning of cattle     

G J STORIE  R A McKENZIE  J L NORMAN † 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(8):235-235

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Identification of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida in atrophic rhinitis of pigs by in vitro characterisation     

GJ EAMENS  PD KIRKLAND  MJ TURNER  JA GARDNER†  MP WHITE‡  CL HORNITZKY 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(4):120-123

Toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida were readily differentiated from non-toxigenic strains by an agarose overlay method using bovine turbinate cells or bovine lung cells. Cells which were young and densely confluent were best suited to this assay. The incubation period required to distinguish toxigenic strains was dependent on the confluence of the monolayers, which was affected by the seeding rate, cell passage level and growth time prior to overlay. The agarose overlay method correctly identified 11 of 11 reference strains of Pasteurella multocida, and visible cytotoxic changes were present in the monolayers after 48 to 65 h. Outbreaks of the enzootic form of atrophic rhinitis in 2 New South Wales piggeries were associated with the isolation of toxigenic type D strains of P. multocida.  相似文献   

Vulvovaginectomy and Perineal Urethrostomy for Neoplasms of the Vulva and Vagina     

STEPHEN A. BILBREY DVM  MS    STEPHEN J. WITHROW DVM  DiplomateACVS    MARY KAY KLEIN DVM  MS    R. AVERY BENNETT DVM  MS  DiplomateACVS    ALAN M. NORRIS DVM  DiplomateACVIM    NORMAN GOFTON BVSc  WILLIAM DEHOFF DVM  MS  DiplomateACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,18(6):450-453

Vulvovaginectomy and perineal urethrostomy were performed in three dogs with extensive neoplasms of the vulva and vagina. One benign tumor (fibroleiomyoma) and two malignant tumors (transitional cell carcinoma and anaplastic spindle cell sarcoma) were diagnosed. Survival times were 9 weeks to 10 months. Urinary continence was preserved in all three dogs. The procedure may be curative for benign tumors or malignant tumors that have not yet metastasized; it is a palliative procedure for advanced malignancies.  相似文献   

Cardiomyopathy and woolly haircoat syndrome of Hereford cattle     

GJ STORIE  JA GIBSON  JD TAYLOR 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):119-119

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