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31.
S. L. FUBINI dvm D. F. SMITH dvm Diplomateacvs P. K. TITHOF dvm J. A. PERDRIZET dvm W. C. REBHUN dvm Dipiomateacvimacvo 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(2):150-152
Four cows were diagnosed as having volvulus of the distal jejunoileum. Affected cattle became acutely depressed, dehydrated, and tachycardic, all developed abdominal distention, and three of four were in severe pain at the time of admission. Feces were scant or absent. The volvulus was corrected by exteriorizing the small intestine and replacing it in correct position. All four cows recovered without complications and were well 6 months or more following surgery. 相似文献
32.
KIP A. LEMKE DVM MS WILLIAM J. TRANQUILLI dvm MS JOHN C. THURMON dvm MS G. JOHN BENSON dvm MS WILLIAM A. OLSON PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(1):61-66
The arrhythmogenic effects of anesthetic drugs are assessed using the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) model. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of cholinergic blockade (CB) produced by glycopyrrolate (G) on ADE in 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) halothane (H)- and isoflurane (I)-anesthetized dogs. Eight dogs (weighing between 12.5 and 21.5 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (H, HG, I, and IG) and each treatment was replicated three times. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with H (1.31%, end-tidal [ET]) or I (1.95%, ET) in oxygen. Ventilation was controlled (carbon dioxide [PCO2] 35 to 40 mmHg, ET). G was administered 10 minutes before ADE determination at a dose of 22 μg/kg (11 μg/kg, intravenous [IV] and 11 μg/kg, intramuscular [IM]). The ADE was determined by IV infusion of epinephrine at sequentially increasing rates of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/kg/min; and defined as the total dose of epinephrine producing at least four ectopic ventricular contractions (EVCs) within 15 seconds during a 3-minute infusion and up to 1 minute after the end of the infusion. Total dose was calculated as the product of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block analysis of variance. When significant (P < .05) F values were found a least significant difference test was used to compare group means. Values are reported as means ± standard error. The ADE (μg/kg) for H, HG, I, and IG were 1.53 ± 0.08, 3.37 ± 0.46, 1.61 ± 0.21, and > 15.00, respectively. Heart rates (HRs) (beats/min) and systolic pressures (mmHg) at the time of arrhythmia formation for H, HG, I, and IG were (60.3 ±4.0 and 142.0 ± 7.6), (213.0 ± 13.1 and 239.2 ± 7.1), (62.9 ± 4.5 and 151.9 ± 6.3), and (226.3 ± 6.1 and 323.5 ± 3.4), respectively. The H and I ADE were not different. The HG ADE was significantly less than the IG ADE. The H and I ADE were significantly less than the HG and IG ADE. We conclude the following from the results of this study of epinephrine infusion in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized dogs: (1) two distinct mechanisms are responsible for the development of arrhythmias, (2) CB produced by G significantly increases ADE but is associated with higher rate pressure products (RPP) and myocardial work, and (3) ADE methodology could be improved by determining ADE with and without CB. 相似文献
33.
Bilateral sacroiliac fracture-luxations in four dogs and four cats weighing 3.5 kg to 30.9 kg were reduced and stabilized with a single 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, or 6.5 mm transsacral screw. Alignment of the drill bit was visual in six cases and assisted by the use of an aiming device in two cases. Seven animals were reevaluated at months 3 to 6. No significant screw loosening or loss of reduction had occurred. Although no intraoperative complications were encountered with visual drill bit alignment, use of an aiming device for transsacral drilling is strongly recommended. 相似文献
34.
Analgesia in Dogs After Intercostal Thoracotomy: A Clinical Trial Comparing Intravenous Buprenorphine and Interpleural Bupivacaine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M.G. CONZEMIUS dvm D.J. BROCKMAN bvsc mrcvs L.G. KING MVB MRCVS Diplomate ACVIM Diplomate ACVECC S.Z. PERKOWSKI VMD PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(4):291-298
We prospectively studied 26 dogs that presented for intercostal thoracotomy. Dogs were pre-medicated with oxymorphone, induced with diazepam and etomidate, and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Preoperatively, animal patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 13) received buprenorphine (10 μg/kg intravenously [IV]) every 6 hours for 24 hours starting 10 minutes before tracheal extubation. Group 2 (n = 13) received 0.5% bupivacaine (1.5 mg/kg) administered interpleural (IP) by slow injection through a pediatric feeding tube fixed to the most dorsal aspect of the thoracotomy incision. Interpleural injections were administered with each dog placed in lateral recumbency with the incision positioned ventrally; IP injections were administered every 4 hours for 24 hours starting 10 minutes before tracheal extubation. All cases were monitored in the intensive care unit for 24 hours postoper-atively. The analgesic efficacy of each regimen was evaluated using a pain scoring system that included a subjective pain score, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gases, oxygen saturation, body temperature, and changes in the electrocardiogram or neurological status were also noted. Significant increases in mean heart rate, respiratory rate, and total pain score occurred after surgery in dogs in the buprenorphine group. In contrast, dogs in the bupivacaine group had no significant changes when compared with their preoperative values. Dogs in the bupivacaine group had significantly decreased total pain scores and better PaO2 and oxygen saturation values when compared with the dogs receiving buprenorphine. Hypoventilation did not occur in either group. 相似文献
35.
BRIAN C. GILGER dvm. MS. R. DAVID WHITLEY DVM MS. SUSAN A. MCLAUGHLIN dvm MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(1):53-58
A simplified lateral orbitotomy is described that decreases surgical time and lessens tissue dissection, yet maintains the exposure to the orbit provided by other orbitotomy techniques. The approach involves cutting the orbital ligament, incising the temporalis aponeurosis from the dorsal zygomatic arch, making parallel zygomatic arch osteotomies, and reflecting the zygomatic arch ventrally. Closure of the wound involves wiring the zygomatic arch back into place. This orbitotomy procedure provides excellent exposure for removal or biopsy of orbital masses. The use of this technique for surgical excision of orbital masses in two dogs, one with an adenoma of the third eyelid gland and one with an orbital fibrosarcoma, and their subsequent management is described. 相似文献
36.
Evaluation of an Omental Pedicle Extension Technique in the Dog 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A two-step omental pedicle extension technique was performed on 10 dogs. Step 1 of the pedicle extension involved release of the dorsal leaf of the omentum from its pancreatic attachment, whereas step 2 consisted of an inverse L-shaped incision to double the length of the pedicle. The pedicle dimensions were measured and the distance reached when extended toward the hind limb, forelimb, and the muzzle recorded after each stage of the procedure. The vascular patency of the pedicle was determined by intravenous injection of flu-orescein dye after the second stage of omental extension. Mean pedicle lengths were 44.5 cm with the first stage of extension and 82.0 cm after full extension. The mean width at the caudal extent of the pedicles after dorsal and full extension was 30.4 cm and 17.2 cm, respectively. Eight of the 10 pedicles were patent after full extension. The fully extended omental pedicles reached and, in most cases, extended beyond the distal extremities and the muzzle. The findings in this study suggest that the canine omentum can be extended to any part of the body without being detached from its vascular supply. 相似文献
37.
A Retrospective Study of Inguinal Hernia in 35 Dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
DAVID J. WATERS dvm phd dipiomate acvs ROBERT G. ROY dvm ELIZABETH A. STONE dvm dipiomate acvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):44-49
Inguinal hernia was associated with trauma in five dogs and was considered nontraumatic in 30 dogs. There were 11 males, 13 intact females, and six spayed females with nontraumatic inguinal hernia. Six dogs had bilateral hernias. Five dogs were younger than 4 months at the time of diagnosis. In 11 older dogs with nontraumatic inguinal hernia, the hernias were identified less than 7 days before surgical repair; in 14 older dogs, the hernias had been recognized for 1 to 60 months. Clinical signs in dogs without small intestinal incarceration were usually limited to a visible or palpable mass without pain or systemic illness. Hemiorrhaphy approaches included inguinal, midline with contralateral ring evaluation, and celiotomy with or without inguinal exposure. Fat and omentum were the most common hernial contents. Small intestine was within the hernias of 12 dogs. Six dogs had nonviable small intestine. Postoperative complications included two incisional infections, one incisional dehiscence, two cases of peritonitis and sepsis associated with bowel leakage after intestinal resection and anastomosis, and one hernia recurrence. The overall prevalence of postoperative complications was 17%, and the mortality rate was 3%. Vomiting for 2 to 6 days was predictive of nonviable small intestine. Dogs younger than 2 years were at 11 times greater risk for nonviable small intestine than dogs older than 2 years. Four of five dogs with nontraumatic inguinal hernia and nonviable small intestine were intact males, whereas none of 13 intact females were affected. Only one of 14 dogs with longstanding hernias had nonviable small intestine. 相似文献
38.
CLIFFORD M. HONNAS dvm Diplomate acvs DAVID T. ZAMOS vmd TROY S. FORD DVM Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(2):115-121
An arthroscopic procedure for examination of the coxofemoral joint was developed in nine foals (four cadavers, five anesthetized) to determine if access was sufficient for evaluation and surgical treatment of intra-articular lesions. The joint was distended and the arthroscope inserted through the notch (incisura trochanterica) between the cranial and caudal parts of the greater trochanter. This portal allowed examination of the cranial, lateral, and caudal aspects of the joint. Mechanical distraction of the joint through an instrument portal located 2 to 4 cm cranial and 1 to 2 cm ventral to the arthroscope portal allowed examination of the ligament of the head of the femur, the femoral head, and articular and nonarticular surfaces of the acetabulum. Adduction and rotation of the limb improved visualization of the craniomedial and caudomedial portions of the femoral head. Traction applied to the distal limb allowed visualization of the same structures that were observed when mechanical distraction was used. Traction also created space for placement of surgical instruments into the joint through the instrument portal. Access to most regions of the joint was adequate, but access to the caudal and medial aspects of the joint was limited. Three foals were killed while they were anesthetized, and their coxofemoral joints were dissected. Two foals were allowed to recover from anesthesia and were observed for 30 days after surgery. One foal was mildly lame for 2 days after surgery. The other foal was not lame after surgery. The incisions healed, and the coxofemoral joints were radiographically normal by postoperative day 30. 相似文献
39.
M. E. GROSS dvm JULIE A. SMITH dvm W. J. TRANQUILLI dvm Dipiomate acva 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(2):159-162
The cardiorespiratory effects of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) were evaluated in seven cats. Cats were induced in a chamber, removed and intubated, and maintained with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Cardiorespiratory data were recorded before and 3, 10,20,30,40,50, and 60 minutes after intravenous injection of midazolam-butorphanol. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiration rate were significantly (p < .05) decreased below baseline at various times throughout the study. Tidal volume and minute ventilation were unchanged. End-tidal carbon dioxide was significantly (p < .05) increased above baseline for 30 minutes. Midazolam-butorphanol administered intravenously induced significant alterations in several cardiorespiratory parameters in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. 相似文献
40.
L. P. TATE Jr. VMD Diplomate ACVS W. T. CORBETT VMD PhD J. H. FOREMAN dvm MS B. J. BISHOP vmd C. L. SWEENEY dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):171-176
A device was constructed of easily obtained medical supplies, and hardware and could be used to obtain multiple arterial samples when manually triggered. The right carotid arteries in five normal horses were surgically elevated, thereby permitting percutaneous cannulation. Each horse was galloped on a 1.6-km test track at approximately 500 m/min, and the rider triggered the mechanism at each 0.4-km mark. Each horse underwent 10 test gallops, and a mean and standard error was determined for each sampling mark including preexercise and postexercise samples. The results indicated that horses ridden under the aforementioned conditions became acidemic and hypoxic. 相似文献