Effect of Bioaccumulation of Cs and Sr Natural Isotopes on Foliar Structure and Plant Spectral Reflectance of Indian Mustard (Brassica Juncea)     

Yi Su  B. B. Maruthi Sridhar  F. X. Han  S. V. Diehl  D. L. Monts 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,180(1-4):65-74

The objectives of this study are: (1) Evaluate the capacity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) for uptake and accumulation of Cs and Sr natural isotopes. (2) Identify foliar structural and other physiological changes (biomass, relative water content etc.) resulted from the accumulation of these two elements. (3) Monitor the Cs and Sr uptake and bioaccumulation process by spectral reflectance. Potted Indian mustard plants were exposed to different concentrations of Cs (50 and 600 ppm) and Sr (50 and 300 ppm) natural isotopes in solution form for 23 days. Bioaccumulation of Cs and Sr were found in the order of leaves > stems > roots for both Cs- and Sr-treated plants. The highest leaf and root Sr accumulations are observed to be 2,708, and 1,194 mg kg^?1, respectively; and the highest leaf and root Cs accumulations are 12,251, and 6,794 mg kg^?1, respectively. High translocation efficiency for both elements is documented by shoot/root concentration ratios greater than one. Biomass decreases were observed for plants treated with higher concentration of Cs or Sr. Cs accumulation affected the pigment concentration and internal structure of the leaf and the spectral characteristics of plants. Within the applied concentration range, Sr accumulation resulted in no significant changes in relative water content (RWC), leaf structural and spectral characteristics of mustard plants. Cs shoot concentration showed significant negative correlation with relative water content (RWC; r = ?0.88*) and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) value (r = ?0.68*) of plant shoots. The canopy spectral reflectance and NDVI analysis clearly revealed (p < 0.05) the stress caused by Cs accumulation.  相似文献   

Vitreous degeneration and associated ocular abnormalities in the dog     

Harathi Krishnan  Kathryn Diehl  Darko Stefanovski  Gustavo D. Aguirre 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):219-224

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Effect of auriculopalpebral nerve block on equine intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry (TonoVet®)     

Kathryn Diehl  Anna Catherine Bowden 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(2):368-373

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Air pollution and climate-forcing impacts of a global hydrogen economy     

Schultz MG  Diehl T  Brasseur GP  Zittel W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5645):624-627

If today's surface traffic fleet were powered entirely by hydrogen fuel cell technology, anthropogenic emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide could be reduced by up to 50%, leading to significant improvements in air quality throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Model simulations of such a scenario predict a decrease in global OH and an increased lifetime of methane, caused primarily by the reduction of the NOx emissions. The sign of the change in climate forcing caused by carbon dioxide and methane depends on the technology used to generate the molecular hydrogen. A possible rise in atmospheric hydrogen concentrations is unlikely to cause significant perturbations of the climate system.  相似文献   

Interactions between cations and water molecule bridges in soil organic matter     

Gabriele E. Schaumann  Daniela Gildemeister  Yamuna Kunhi Mouvenchery  Sandra Spielvogel  Dörte Diehl 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(9):1579-1588

Purpose

Nutrient release, soil wettability, water binding, and matrix rigidity of soil organic matter (SOM) can be affected by cross-links between segments of SOM, cations, and water molecule bridges (WaMB). Not all cation effects on SOM can be explained with the currently accepted idea that multivalent cations cross-link organic matter segments via direct cation bridges (CaB). The objective was to understand these interactions and their effect on SOM matrix rigidity and wettability.

Materials and methods

We modified cation composition of two peats and an organic surface layer (OSL) using cation exchange resin to remove cations and solutions of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, or Al³⁺ to enrich samples with cations. SOM matrix rigidity was determined at 4 and >8 weeks after treatment via the WaMB transition temperature T*, using differential scanning calorimetry. Wettability was measured via sessile drop contact angle (CA).

Results and discussion

The effect of cation removal on T* depended on cation exchange capacity and initial cation content. Cation addition to OSL increased T*. This effect increased with increasing cation loading and valency, and T* correlated with CA. Classical cross-linking can neither explain the higher heterogeneous matrix of Ca-treated than Al-treated samples nor the aging-induced convergence of T* for different cations and concentrations. The latter is likely due to interaction between CaB and WaMB in SOM.

Conclusions

Associations of CaB and WaMB evolve slowly and form a supramolecular network in SOM. Those dynamic associations can fix molecular arrangements inducing water repellency and increase kinetic barriers for the release and uptake of water and nutrients from aged soil.  相似文献   

Accuracy of formulas used to predict post‐transfusion packed cell volume rise in anemic dogs     

Jacqueline L. Short BVMS  Shenandoah Diehl DVM  DACVECC  Ravi Seshadri DVM  DACVECC  DAVBP  Sergi Serrano LV  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):428-434

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Das Verhalten von Bleitetraalkylen im Boden und deren Aufnahme durch die Pflanze     

K. H. Diehl  A. Rosopulo  W. Kreuzer  G. K. Judel 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(5):551-559

The behaviour of leadtetraalkyls in the soil and their uptake by plants In pot experiments the behaviour of the leadtetraalkyls leadtetramethyl and leadtetraethyl in soil and their uptake by spring wheat was investigated. In the soil the leadtetraalkyls were converted quickly to water soluble lead compounds, which showed a high plant toxicity and plant availability. Consequently there was a relatively large lead enrichment in the vegetative and generative plant parts. At higher concentration also a yield depression occured. Comparable amounts of lead in the form of an inorganic salt did not result in Pb-accumulation in plants. From the continuous uptake of lead, which was observed over a period of 3 months, it is concluded, that leadtetraalkyls were decomposed to Pb²⁺ slowly and the Pb-fixation was correspondingly slow. The soluble lead compounds resulting from the leadtetraalkyls could be leached out easily from soil by water. There was a close relation between the level of leadtetraalkyl applied and the waterextractable lead. Moreover it is demonstrated, that plants, which have taken up only inorganic lead salts, are capable to synthesize lead compounds soluble in unpolar organic solvents even in cases in which the soils did not contain leadtetraalkyls.  相似文献   

Use of high-resolution ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmology     

Bentley E  Miller PE  Diehl KA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(11):1617-22, 1599

The recent development of a 20-MHz, high-frequency ultrasound probe has allowed tissue to be visualized at resolutions of 20 to 80 microm, which is similar to a low-power histologic view. This high degree of resolution, however, limits tissue penetration to 5 to 10 mm, which is ideal for examination of the anterior segment of the eye. The detail provided by high-resolution ultrasound readily permits the clinician to distinguish between various anterior segment entities that may appear similar but are treated quite differently, such as anterior uveal tumors, iridociliary cysts, and iris bombé. High-frequency ultrasound is also a valuable aid in creating a surgical plan for treatment of ocular disorders in which the cornea is opaque, such as feline corneal sequestrum and tumor invasion into the cornea. Other applications of this technology include elucidation of the pathogenesis of glaucoma in veterinary patients and evaluation of regions of the lens that are difficult to examine directly.  相似文献   

The synthesis of pyrroles with insecticidal activity     

David G. Kuhn  Victor M. Kamhi  Joseph A. Furch  Robert E. Diehl  Gregory T. Lowen  Venkataraman Kameswaran 《Pest management science》1994,41(3):279-286

The 2-aryl-4-bromo-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitriles represent a new class of insect control agents. The high insectidical activity observed in this series prompted us to investigate the preparation of regioisomeric arylhalotrifluoromethylpyrrole carbonitriles. The synthesis and biological activity of eight of the twelve possible regioisomers are described and discussed.  相似文献   

Olmec civilization, veracruz, Mexico: dating of the san lorenzo phase     

Coe MD  Diehl RA  Stuiver M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,155(3768):1399-1401

Archeological excavations at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan, Veracruz, show that the Olmec sculptures of this zone are associated with the San Lorenzo phase, which can be placed in the Early Formative period (1500-800 B.C.) on the basis of ceramic comparisons. Five of six radiocarbon dates for the San Lorenzo phase fall within the 1200-900 B.C. span. The San Lorenzo phase therefore marks the beginning of Olmec civilization, and the sites forming the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlan group represent the oldest civilized communities known in Mexico or Central America.  相似文献