Effects of indwelling nasogastric intubation on gastric emptying of a liquid marker in horses     

Cruz AM  Li R  Kenney DG  Monteith G 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(7):1100-1104

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of indwelling nasogastric intubation on the gastric emptying rate of liquid in horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were assigned to treatment and control groups in a prospective randomized crossover study with a washout period of at least 4 weeks between trials. Acetaminophen (20 mg/kg) diluted in 1 L of distilled water was administered via nasogastric tube at time points of 0, 12, 30, 48, and 72 hours to evaluate the liquid-phase gastric emptying rate. In control horses, nasogastric tubes were removed after administration of acetaminophen. In horses receiving treatment, the tube was left indwelling and maintained for 72 hours. A 10-mL sample of blood was collected from a jugular vein immediately before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 180 minutes after acetaminophen administration. Serum acetaminophen concentrations were measured by use of a colorimetric method. RESULTS: Peak serum acetaminophen concentration was significantly higher in the control group (38.11 microg/mL) than in the treatment group (29.09 microg/mL), and the time required to reach peak serum acetaminophen concentration was significantly shorter in the control group (22.79 minutes) than in the treatment group (35.95 minutes). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that indwelling nasogastric intubation has a delaying effect on the gastric emptying rate of liquids. Veterinarians should consider the potential for delayed gastric emptying when placing and maintaining an indwelling nasogastric tube for an extended period of time after surgery. Repeated nasogastric intubation may be better than maintenance of an indwelling tube in horses with ileus.  相似文献   

Influence of growing periods on the quality of baby spinach leaves at harvest and during storage as minimally processed produce   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Conte  G. Conversa  C. Scrocco  I. Brescia  J. Laverse  A. Elia  M.A. Del Nobile   《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,50(2-3):190-196

The influence of different growing periods on quality and decay of fresh-cut baby spinach leaves during chilling storage was assessed. Three different spinach crops were sown on October, December and January, respectively. On January–March the vegetable leaves were harvested, analysed for nitrate, oxalate, vitamin C and chlorophyll content and, after the minimal processing operations, the leaves were packaged and stored at 5 °C. During storage, respiration rate, microbiological quality, dry matter, chlorophyll content and colour parameters were monitored. The results show that for all harvests, the initial quality of leaves was acceptable, although slight changes may be due to variability in climatic conditions.  相似文献   

What would farmers do? Adaptation intentions under a Corn Belt climate change scenario     

Gabrielle E. Roesch-McNally  J. Gordon Arbuckle  John Charles Tyndall 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(2):333-346

This paper examines farmer intentions to adapt to global climate change by analyzing responses to a climate change scenario presented in a survey given to large-scale farmers (n = 4778) across the US Corn Belt in 2012. Adaptive strategies are evaluated in the context of decision making and farmers’ intention to increase their use of three production practices promoted across the Corn Belt: no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage. This paper also provides a novel conceptual framework that bridges a typology of adaptation with concepts that help predict intentionality in behavior change models. This conceptual framework was developed to facilitate examination of adaptive decision making in the context of agriculture. This research effort examines key factors that influence farmers’ intentions to increase their use of the practices evaluated given a climate change scenario. Twenty-two covariates are examined across three models developed for no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage. Findings highlight that farmers who believed they should adjust their practices to protect their farm from the negative impacts of increased weather variability were more likely to indicate that they would increase their use of each of the practices in response to climate change. Additionally, visiting with other farmers to observe their practices was positively associated with farmers’ intentions to increase their use of the adaptive strategies examined. Farmers who were currently using no-till farming, cover crops, and tile drainage were also more likely to plan to increase their use of these practices in response to increased weather variability associated with climate change. However, farmers who reported high levels of confidence in their current practices were less likely to plan on changing their use of these practices in response to climatic changes.  相似文献   

Characterisation of canine parvovirus strains isolated from cats with feline panleukopenia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nicola Decaro  Domenico Buonavoglia  Francesca Amorisco  Antonio Parisi  Gabriella Elia  Alessandra Cavalli  Canio Buonavoglia 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(2):275-278

Unlike the original canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), CPV-2 variants have gained the ability to replicate in vivo in cats but there is limited information on the disease patterns induced by these variants in the feline host. During 2008, two distinct cases of parvoviral infection were diagnosed in our laboratories. A CPV-2a variant was identified in a 3-month-old Persian kitten displaying clinical sign of feline panleukopenia (FPL) (acute gastroenteritis and marked leukopenia) and oral ulcerations, that died eight days after the onset of the disease. Two pups living in the same pet shop as the cat were found to shed a CPV-2a strain genetically identical to the feline virus and were likely the source of infection. Also, non-fatal infection by a CPV-2c strain occurred in a 2.5-month-old European shorthair kitten displaying non-haemorrhagic diarrhoea and normal white blood cell counts. By sequence analysis of the major capsid protein (VP2) gene, the feline CPV-2c strain showed 100% identity to a recent canine type-2c isolate. Both kittens had been administered multivalent vaccines against common feline pathogens including FPL virus. Whether and to which extent the FPL vaccines can protect cats adequately from the antigenic variants of CPV-2 should be assessed.  相似文献   

Direct determination of methyl parathion insecticide in rice samples by headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry          下载免费PDF全文

Darlan Ferreira da Silva  Francisco Eduardo Paiva Silva  Fernanda Gabrielle S Silva  Gilvanda Silva Nunes  Mihaela Badea 《Pest management science》2015,71(11):1497-1502

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Effects of after-ripening,stratification and GA₃ on dormancy release and on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) seeds     

Giulia Conversa  Corrado Lazzizera  Antonio Elia 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Seeds of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) were treated and compared in this research to investigate seed dormancy class and level involved in this species. Four seed lots were compared: (i) freshly harvested seeds in 2007 (07Fr); (ii) freshly harvested seeds in 2008 (08Fr); (iii) after-ripened (AR) 2007 seeds dry stored in glass jars (ARg); (iv) AR 2007 seeds dry stored in paper bags (ARp). The 07Fr seeds were exposed to (1) chemical scarification combined with gibberellic acid (GA₃) levels (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L⁻¹) and to (2) 28-day moist stratification at 5 and 23 °C, and two sequences of 5/23 °C combined with 0 and 400 GA₃ mg L⁻¹ levels, and (3) together to the 08Fr and AR seeds were exposed to 56-day moist stratification at 5, 23, or 5/23 °C. With the 08Fr and AR seed lots this last stratification treatment was combined with 0 or 800 GA₃ mg L⁻¹ levels. The dormancy depth of 08Fr (32% germination) was less than 07Fr seeds (2%). The latter after-ripened during dry storage and when stored in glass germinated more (47.5%) than in paper (12%). Stratification for 4 weeks was ineffective in improving germination of 07Fr seeds; when chemically scarified they did not germinate at all. The highest (nearly 70%) and the most rapid and uniform germination were observed for all the lots when they were warm stratified for 56 days. Warm stratification improved germination more than alternate temperature stratification, while cold stratification inhibited germination especially for the 08Fr and ARg lots, thus seeds seem not to have a morphological component to their dormancy. GA₃ only improved germination of 07Fr seeds, at a low rate. A. acutifolius seeds fit the characteristics of a non-deep physiological dormancy.  相似文献   

Effect of seed age,stratification, and soaking on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.)     

Giulia Conversa  Antonio Elia 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is a widespread species found in all the Mediterranean areas. The spears are highly valued by consumers and owing to its frugality, this species is a feasible new crop with high income potential, especially for Mediterranean marginal areas. Currently, the cultivation of this species is limited because of its low and erratic seed germination that makes difficult the production of seedlings for plant propagation. In this research, non-after-ripened (1 month-old) and after-ripened seeds (dry stored at room temperature for 13 months) were exposed for 30 days in the dark to three moist stratification treatments: cold (5 °C), warm (23 °C) or no stratification; subsequently they were soaked for 12 h in warm water (35 °C) or not soaked. The effect of these pre-germination treatments on three germination parameters (germination percentage, time to 50% of final germination – T₅₀ – and germination pattern) was studied, as well as some possible seed dormancy forms involved therein. The 1-year dry storage period proved to be effective in after-ripened seeds by enhancing seed sensitivity to the subsequent pre-germination treatments. After-ripened seeds exhibited higher and more rapid germination compared to non-after-ripened seeds. Soaking, cold or warm moist stratification had similar single effect on non-after-ripened seeds (27% germination). With after-ripened seeds, only soaking or warm stratification were effective (47% germination) when singularly applied, while cold stratification did not improve germination. By combining stratification and soaking treatments, a higher germination for both non-after-ripened and after-ripened seed-lots was achieved. The highest germination was obtained when after-ripened seeds were stratified and soaked (76%), without any significant difference between cold or warm stratification. Single or combined application of moist stratification (regardless of the temperature used) and soaking resulted always in a faster germination compared to that of no-treated seeds and especially with after-ripened seeds (T₅₀ = 6 days). A non-deep type 1 physiological dormancy can be hypothesized for the seeds of this species. Low stratification temperature induce secondary dormancy in after-ripened seeds that can be removed by soaking them at 35 °C for 12 h.  相似文献   

Use of a byproduct of magnesium oxide production to precipitate phosphorus and nitrogen as struvite from wastewater treatment liquors   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Quintana M  Colmenarejo MF  Barrera J  García G  García E  Bustos A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(2):294-299

This paper describes a series of experiments designed to recover phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage in the form of struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4).6H(2)O), a potential fertilizer. Nitrogen and phosphate were recovered from a filtrate of digested sludge dewatered at the Arroyo del Soto Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) (Madrid, Spain). A byproduct of the Spanish magnesite mining and MgO production industry was used as the magnesium source. The precipitating performance of this byproduct was compared to that of conventional chemical reagents such as pure MgO. The precipitates obtained were subjected to chemical, light microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The findings indicate the precipitate recovered using this byproduct contains several minerals with a predominance of struvite. Optimal purity ( approximately 80% struvite) was achieved using the sieved <0.04 mm grain size fraction of the byproduct at doses corresponding to a molar Mg:P ratio of 1.6.  相似文献   

Outcome of medical and surgical treatment in dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy: 104 cases (1988-2004)     

da Costa RC  Parent JM  Holmberg DL  Sinclair D  Monteith G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,233(8):1284-1290

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First report of bovine anaplasmosis by Anaplasma centrale in Europe, molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis     

Ceci L  Decaro N  Lorusso E  Paradies P  Elia G  Martella V  Buonavoglia C  Carelli G 《Veterinary research communications》2008,32(Z1):S263-S266

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