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21.
In order better to evaluate the extent to which degradation of the lamellar basement membrane (LBM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) occurs in equine laminitis, we determined the concentration of type IV collagen and laminin in normal and laminitic horses, using specific immunoassays. Blood samples were obtained from both the jugular and the cephalic veins of horses (n = 10) before and after the induction of acute alimentary laminitis by carbohydrate overload. Jugular and cephalic venous blood samples were also obtained from horses affected with naturally occurring laminitis (n = 16) and nonlaminitic controls (n = 8). The serum collagen IV concentration was not changed following the induction of laminitis in the experimental group. Serum collagen IV concentration was increased in jugular venous blood obtained from cases of naturally occurring laminitis (mean +/- s.e. 218.04 +/- 18.59 ng/ml) compared with nonlaminitic controls (157.50 +/- 10.93 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Serum collagen IV concentration was also increased in jugular venous blood obtained from severely laminitic horses (219.50 +/- 18.18 ng/ml) compared with nonlaminitic controls (157.50 +/- 10.93 ng/ml) (P<0.05). A difference in serum concentration of collagen IV was not identified based on chronicity of naturally occurring laminitis. Serum laminin concentration did not differ between laminitic and nonlaminitic horses. Differences in serum laminin concentration were not identified based on sampling location (jugular or cephalic vein), severity of laminitic pain, or chronicity of spontaneous laminitis. In conclusion, the circulating concentration of collagen IV was increased in horses affected with naturally occurring laminitis. The potential role for serum collagen IV assay for characterisation of equine laminitis warrants further investigation. 相似文献
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Johnson PJ Messer NT Ganjam VK Thompson DL Refsal KR Loch WE Ellersieck MR 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(3):296-301
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: There exists a need for better diagnostic tests to characterise thyroid disease in horses. Currently available diagnostic tests fail to differentiate between thyroid gland disorders and thyroid abnormalities resulting from pituitary or hypothalamic problems. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) and bromocryptine (BROM) on serum concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), reverse T3 (rT3) and equine thyroid-stimulating hormone (e-TSH, thyrotrophin) in mature horses. METHODS: Healthy mature horses were treated using either PTU or BROM for 28 days. The effect of treatment on the thyroid axis was assessed by measuring T3, T4, rT3 and e-TSH before and at +14 and +28 days. The effect of PTU and BROM on the response of T3, T4, rT3 and e-TSH to thyrotrophin-release hormone (TRH) administration was also assessed before and at +14 and +28 days of treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with PTU led to a significant reduction in serum concentrations of T3, T4 and rT3 on Day 28 and increase of e-TSH on Day 28 (P < 0.05). Treatment with BROM did not cause any measurable effect on serum concentrations of T3, T4, rT3 or e-TSH. The percentage increment by which serum concentration of T4, T3 and e-TSH increased following stimulation with TRH was decreased by treatment with PTU for 28 days (P < 0.05) but were not affected by treatment with BROM for 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 1) treatment with PTU may be used in horses as a model of primary hypothyroidism; 2) the use of BROM as a model of secondary hypothyroidism in horses is not supported; and 3) e-TSH assay deserves further investigation for the clinical diagnosis of thyroid axis dysfunction in horses. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Propylthiouracil effectively causes primary hypothyroidism. There is substantial variability between horses with respect to their sensitivity to this substance when administered orally. Further studies pertaining to the characterisation of equine thyroid disorders are warranted and the use of both PTU for the experimental induction of primary hypothyroidism and e-TSH for the diagnostic characterisation of thyroid disorders in horses should be considered. 相似文献
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Schwartz AJ Wilson DA Keegan KG Ganjam VK Sun Y Weber KT Zhang J 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(11):1564-1570
OBJECTIVE: To determine significant molecular and cellular factors responsible for differences in second-intention healing in thoracic and metacarpal wounds of horses. ANIMALS: 6 adult mixed-breed horses. PROCEDURE: A full-thickness skin wound on the metacarpus and another such wound on the pectoral region were created, photographed, and measured, and tissue was harvested from these sites weekly for 4 weeks. Gene expression of type-I collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were determined by quantitative in situ hybridization. Myofibroblasts were detected by immunohistochemical labeling with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Collagen accumulation was detected by use of picrosirius red staining. Tissue morphology was examined by use of H&E staining. RESULTS: Unlike thoracic wounds, forelimb wounds enlarged during the first 2 weeks. Myofibroblasts, detected by week 1, remained abundant with superior organization in thoracic wounds. Type-I collagen mRNA accumulated progressively in both wounds. More type-I collagen and TGF-beta1 mRNA were seen in forelimb wounds. Volume of MMP-1 mRNA decreased from day 0 in both wounds. By week 3, TIMP-1 mRNA concentration was greater in thoracic wounds. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Greater collagen synthesis in metacarpal than thoracic wounds was documented by increased concentrations of myofibroblasts, type-I collagen mRNA,TGF-beta1 mRNA, and decreased collagen degradation (ie, MMP-1). Imbalanced collagen synthesis and degradation likely correlate with development of exuberant granulation tissue, delaying healing in wounds of the distal portions of the limbs. Factors that inhibit collagen synthesis or stimulate collagenase may provide treatment options for horses with exuberant granulation tissue. 相似文献
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D E Slone R C Purohit V K Ganjam J L Lowe 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(2):280-283
Three ponies and 1 horse were bilaterally adrenalectomized (BADX). The initial hypoadrenal episode after BADX was reversed with 20 mg of dexamethasone (DXM) IM (n = 2) or 20 mg of triamcinolone (TMC) IM (n = 2). Nine hypoadrenal crises were reversed with 20 mg of DXM given IM (n = 4) or 20 mg of TMC given IM (n = 5). Sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion were documented based on changes in serum electrolytes and urinary excretion. Eight intact adult horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups to study the effects of a single IM injection of DXM (0.044 mg/kg of body weight) or TMC (0.044 mg/kg). Cortisol (hydrocortisone) suppression was found to be maximal (nondetectable amounts of cortisol) by 12 hours in both groups. Cortisol was again detectable in the DXM group at 24 hours after injection and was at pretreatment values at 168 hours. Cortisol was not detectable in the TMC group for 192 hours and did not reach pretreatment values until 336 hours. The duration of the gluconeogenic effect was compared with the duration of cortisol suppression exerted by DXM and TMC in these intact animals. Assuming that the decrease in plasma glucose coincides with the decrease in glucocorticoid activity of the respective steroid, a relative hypoadrenocortical state was found in the animals treated with DXM between the 2nd and 7th day after treatment, whereas this state occurred between the 6th and 14th day after treatment with TMC. 相似文献
25.
Eades SC Stokes AM Johnson PJ LeBlanc CJ Ganjam VK Buff PR Moore RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(1):87-94
OBJECTIVE: To quantify changes in endothelium-derived factors and relate those changes to various aspects of digital hemodynamics during the prodromal stages of carbohydrate overload (CHO)-induced laminitis in horses. ANIMALS: 20 adult horses without abnormalities of the digit. PROCEDURES: Digital and jugular venous blood samples were collected at 1-hour intervals (for assessment of endothelin-1 [ET-1] immunoreactivity and measurement of glucose, insulin, and nitric oxide [NO] concentrations) or 4-hour intervals (CBC and platelet-neutrophil aggregate assessment) for 8 hours or 16 hours after induction of CHO-associated laminitis in horses treated with an ET-1 antagonist. Effects of treatment, collection site, and time and the random effects of horse on each variable were analyzed by use of a repeated-measures model. Where treatment and collection site had no significant effect, data were combined. RESULTS: Compared with baseline values, CHO resulted in changes in several variables, including a significant increase from baseline in digital blood ET-like immunoreactivity at 11 hours; digital blood ET-like immunoreactivity was significantly greater than that in jugular venous blood at 8, 9, 11, and 12 hours. Digital and jugular venous blood concentrations of glucose increased from baseline significantly at 3, 4, and 5 hours; insulin concentration increased significantly at 5 hours; and the number of platelet-neutrophil aggregates increased significantly at 12 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In horses, concurrent increases in venous blood ET-1 immunoreactivity, insulin and glucose concentrations, and platelet-neutrophil aggregates support a role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CHO-induced laminitis. 相似文献
26.
S Imam MR Ansari A Kumar C Singh VK Bharti A Kumaresan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):302-306
The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of non‐luteal oviductal proteins on sperm characteristics in Murrah buffaloes. Oviducts from healthy buffaloes were collected immediately after slaughter and the oestrous cycle phase was determined as either luteal or non‐luteal based on ovarian morphology. Non‐luteal oviducts (n = 80) were flushed from the isthmic end of the oviduct with PBS, fluid was centrifuged at 10 000 g at 4°C for 20 min and then dialysed and clarified. The supernatant obtained was lyophilized to concentrate the protein and stored at ?20°C till use. Sixteen good quality ejaculates from four Murrah buffalo bulls were collected using an artificial vagina. After fresh semen analysis, each ejaculate was split into two parts and extended in Tris–citrate–egg yolk glycerol dilutor. Part I of the split ejaculate was treated with non‐luteal oviductal proteins at the dose rate of 1 mg/ml of diluted semen, while part II remained as control. The extended semen was equilibrated for 4 h at 5°C, filled in 0.5 ml French straws, exposed to LN2 vapour, plunged into LN2 and then stored at ?196°C. The equilibrated and frozen–thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, cervical mucus penetration test and hypo‐osmotic sperm swelling test (HOST). In frozen–thawed semen, the percentage of sperm motility, viability and acrosomal integrity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group compared to the control group. The incorporation of non‐luteal oviductal proteins in the extender increased the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus both after equilibration and the freeze‐thaw process. Similarly, the proportion of sperm with intact plasma membrane, as revealed by HOST values, was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group (32.6%) than the control group (27%) in frozen–thawed semen. It was inferred that incorporation of non‐luteal whole oviductal fluid proteins improved the sperm quality in frozen–thawed semen in Murrah buffaloes. 相似文献
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BS Gallardo VK Gupta FD Eagerton LI Jong VS Craig RR Shah NL Abbott 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5398):57-60
Electrochemical methods were combined with redox-active surfactants to actively control the motions and positions of aqueous and organic liquids on millimeter and smaller scales. Surfactant species generated at one electrode and consumed at another were used to manipulate the magnitude and direction of spatial gradients in surface tension and guide droplets of organic liquids through simple fluidic networks. Solid microparticles could be transported across unconfined surfaces. Electrochemical control of the position of surface-active species within aqueous films of liquid supported on homogeneous surfaces was used to direct these films into periodic arrays of droplets with deterministic shapes and sizes. 相似文献
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J F Amann R M Smith V K Ganjam W K Paull R C McClure E M Green H E Garner 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(2):323-327
The distribution of cells that stain positive for beta-endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivity was studied in the pars intermedia (PI) of the hypophysis in 3 healthy horses and 2 healthy ponies. Serial sections treated with commercial antibodies generated against beta-endorphin or ACTH were processed for immunocytochemical studies, using the avidin biotin immunoperoxidase-complex method. Distribution patterns of cells reacting with antibodies were similar in cells from all equids. Cells immunostained for ACTH were numerous and widely distributed in the PI. Cells immunopositive for ACTH probably contain corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide that cross-reacts with antisera to ACTH. Cells immunopositive for beta-endorphin were fewer in number and had a more limited distribution in the PI. Most beta-endorphin-positive cells were located along the border of the PI adjacent to the lobus nervosus and had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm when stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Cells with prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm were not common in other areas of the PI. When serial sections were examined, cells that stained positive for beta-endorphin immunoreactivity also appeared positive for ACTH. 相似文献