Brackishwater carp culture in potentially waterlogged areas using animal wastes as pond fertilizers     

S. K. Garg 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(2):143-155

In order to assess the possibilities of utilizing drainage effluents (salinity range 5.0–12.5), fish culture experiments were carried out. Experiments on polyculture using cow dung (24 000 kg ha^–1 y^–1) as pond fertilizer were conducted at five different salinity levels (0.3–8.5). Studies have revealed that carp perform well in salinities up to 7.5 and reasonably high fish production has been obtained. Even though the ponds had a high trophic status, higher salinities ( > 7.5) appear to repress fish growth probably due to low dissolved oxygen (DO), high BOD and high NH₄-N. Experiments on monoculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) conducted at two different salinity levels (0.3–0.9 and 6.0–7.0) using four different organic fertilizers (cow dung at 24 000 kg and 20 000 kg, poultry at 1500 kg, duck at 6000 kg and sheep/goat at 1500 kg ha^–1 y^–1) have revealed the highest fish growth to be in poultry-treated ponds, followed in decreasing order by duck and sheep/goat wastes. Similar trends in fish production were observed both in fresh- and salt-water ponds. However, fish production was lower in ponds having higher salinities ( > 7.5). Nevertheless, these studies indicated that inland saline waters can be utilized for fish culture. With minor modifications in the existing technology of fish culture in stagnant freshwater fish ponds, animal wastes could be used to fertilize brackishwater fish ponds.  相似文献   

Effect of oral administration of l -thyroxine (T₄) on growth performance, digestibility, and nutrient retention in Channa punctatus (Bloch) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)     

S. K. Garg 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(4):347-358

Effects of oral administration of l-thyroxine (T₄) on growth performance, body composition, and some aspects of nutritional physiology were investigated in two slow-growing air-breathing fish (Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis) under laboratory conditions (LD 12:12 at 25°C). The results indicate that irrespective of the species, fish fed diets containing lower doses of T₄ (up to 50 mg kg⁻¹ of diet in C. punctatus and up to 100 mg kg⁻¹ of diet in H. fossilis) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher growth (in terms of live weight and length gain, specific growth rate, percentage gain in body weight and condition factor), low feed conversion ratio, high nutrient retention, high apparent protein digestibility, and high digestive enzyme activity. Viscero-somatic (VSI) and hepato-somatic (HSI) values were also high in fish fed on low dietary T₄ levels. Liver glycogen levels decreased with the increase in the dietary T₄ levels, indicating its utilization during growth. Muscle glycogen levels in H. fossilis coincided with high growth at 100 mg of T₄. Observation of the postprandial excretion of metabolites (N–NH₄ ⁺ and o-PO₄ ⁻) indicated significantly (P < 0.05) low levels in aquaria water where the fish were fed diets with low T₄ levels. These studies further revealed that feeding fishes on higher T₄ levels (above 50 mg in C. punctatus and above 100 mg in H. fossilis) not only repressed growth performance and nutrient retention, but also affected carcass composition by lowering protein accumulation (muscle and carcass protein) and energy assimilation. These studies revealed a biphasic action of thyroxine, i.e., the hormone at lower doses is anabolic, while at higher doses it acts as a catabolic agent, indicating that feeding fishes on higher doses can be detrimental to their growth and metabolism. In summary, the results of the present study show that feeding H. fossilis and C. punctatus on low doses of T₄ enhances growth, decreases excretion of metabolites, and increases nitrogen retention. These observations suggest that T₄ supplementation of the diet may have practical utility in the culture of slow-growing fish species.  相似文献   

Disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin in buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis)     

S. K. Garg  B. D. Garg 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(4):331-337

The disposition kinetics and urinary excretion of gentamicin sulphate were studied in young buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of the drug at 5 mg kg^-1 body weight. The time course of the serum gentamicin concentration was adequately described by the one-compartment open model. The values of the absorption and elimination halflives were 12.2±2.2 and 167.0±29.7 min respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was 0.29±0.01 L kg^-1. During the first 12 h, 63% of the total administered dose was excreted in urine. On the basis of the kinetic data, a satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for gentamicin sulphate would be at least 6 mg kg^-1 body weight repeated at 8 h intervals.  相似文献   

Experimental Streptococcus equi infection in the horse: correlation with in vivo and in vitro immune responses     

P L Nara  S Krakowka  T E Powers  R C Garg 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(4):529-534

Fourteen young outbred horses, divided into 2 groups on the basis of 18- or 24-hour skin-test reactions to Streptococcus equi, were inoculated nasopharyngeally with virulent S equi. Animals (n = 6, group I) with evidence of previous exposure to S equi (positive dermal response and existing serum antibodies), with one exception, developed minimal or no signs of disease after inoculation. In contrast, S equi skin-test negative and seronegative horses (n = 8, group II) developed predictable and severe clinical signs of infection after their inoculation, including shedding of the organism from nasal discharges and ruptured mandibular lymph nodes. Results of the present study indicate that resistance to virulent S equi infection is correlated with existing humoral and cellular immune responses to streptococcal antigens. In susceptible horses, recovery from infection was accompanied by the appearance of humoral antibodies and the acquisition of a positive skin-test response to S equi antigens.  相似文献   

Reply     

LC LLOYD 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(3):168-169

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Monthly variations in certain biochemical parameters of buffalo blood     

S K Garg  O P Nangia 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1987,41(3):352-358

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Effect of endosulfan in female rats growing on low- and high-protein cereal diet     

Nibhriti Das  Anita Garg 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1981,15(1):90-98

Endosulfan (α,β-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2,2,1)-heptene-(2)-bis-hydroxymethylene(5,6)sulfite) fed daily 0.5 and 100 ppm in the diet proved significantly toxic to female rats (initial weight 40–50 g) growing on a low-protein (5%) diet as compared to those growing on a high-protein (24%) diet. The toxic symptoms which developed exclusively in low-protein-fed rats included growth retardation, low blood counts, low RNA and protein levels in liver, and high glutathione levels in liver and blood. However, no changes in the activities of liver RNase, blood glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutathione reductase were observed. Liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity increased significantly. Endosulfan induced an increased accumulation of perirenal adipose in rats raised both on low- and high-protein diets. Endosulfan elicited cumulative toxic manifestations as evident from the relative degree of toxicity caused by 0.5 ppm and 18 weeks feeding. α-Endosulfan, β-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate were recovered from adipose tissue, the recovery being higher in adipose tissue of rats raised on a low-protein diet.  相似文献   

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding LipL32 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptospira interrogans</Emphasis> Serovar Sejroe     

Amutha R  Chaudhury P  Garg AP  Vasan P  Cheema PS  Srivastava SK 《Veterinary research communications》2007,31(5):513-519

Leptospira, a member of the order Spirochaetales, is the causative agent of leptospirosis, an important zoonosis encountered worldwide. The Leptospira interrogans serovar Sejroe was grown in EMJH medium and its DNA was isolated using standard techniques. The LipL32 gene was amplified using the reported primer of Kirschneri of LipL32. The amplified product was found to comprise 756 base pairs. This amplified gene fragment of LipL32 lipoprotein was cloned in E. coli (DH5α) cells using pDrive plasmid as a vector. The recombinant cells were selected on LB agar medium containing ampicillin, X-gal and isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside. Plasmid was extracted from the recombinant white colonies, and restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis was carried out using PstI and SalI. On partial sequence analysis, the product exhibited 756 base pairs, corresponding to 251 amino acids. The cloned gene could be further used for expression of recombinant protein for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis.  相似文献   

Effects and Interactions of Medium Components on Laccase from a Marine-Derived Fungus Using Response Surface Methodology     

Donna D’Souza-Ticlo  Sandeep Garg  Chandralata Raghukumar 《Marine drugs》2009,7(4):672-688

The effects of various synthetic medium components and their interactions with each other ultimately impact laccase production in fungi. This was studied using a laccase-hyper-producing marine-derived basidiomycete, Cerrena unicolor MTCC 5159. Inducible laccases were produced in the idiophase only after addition of an inducer such as CuSO₄. Concentration of carbon and nitrogen acted antagonistically with respect to laccase production. A combination of low nitrogen and high carbon concentration favored both biomass and laccase production. The most favorable combination resulted in 917 U L⁻¹ of laccase. After sufficient growth had occurred, addition of a surfactant such as Tween 80 positively impacted biomass and increased the laccase activity to around 1,300 U L⁻¹. Increasing the surface to volume ratio of the culture vessel further increased its activity to almost 2,000 U L⁻¹.  相似文献   

Agropyron elongatum HMW-glutenins have a potential to improve wheat end-product quality through targeted chromosome introgression     

Monika Garg  Hiroyuki Tanaka  Naoyuki Ishikawa  Kanenori Takata  Mikiko Yanaka  Hisashi Tsujimoto 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009

After screening of 177 disomic addition lines (DALs) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) containing a pair of chromosomes from different alien species, we found that the chromosome 1E addition line of Agropyron elongatum, that is known to be a potential genetic resource for drought and salinity tolerance, showed potential for improvement of bread-making quality of wheat. This was indicated by increased SDS sedimentation, specific sedimentation, mixograph peak time and SE-HPLC analysis of polymeric proteins. This addition line spontaneously gave rise to a substitution line for chromosome 1D in subsequent generations that showed weak dough strength. Analysis of the x-type HMW-glutenin subunit sequence of Ag. elongatum from DAL1E indicated that it closely resembled the x-type sequence of the A and B genomes of wheat, and the y-type was intermediate between x- and y-type HMW-glutenin subunit genes. From these observations, it was inferred that 1E-encoded seed storage proteins have considerable potential for improvement of wheat end-product quality if transferred to specific chromosomes such as 1A of Chinese Spring (CS) wheat, which has a negative overall effect on bread-making quality.  相似文献