Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007)          下载免费PDF全文

V. J. Coyle  K. M. Rassnick  L. B. Borst  C. O. Rodriguez Jr  N. C. Northrup  T. M. Fan  L. D. Garrett 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(2):89-97

The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma (OSA) and to examine factors for their impact on metastasis‐free interval (MFI) and survival time (ST). Records from dogs treated with mandibulectomy for OSA (1999–2007) were reviewed. Archived tumour samples were evaluated for mitotic index (MI) and tumour grade. Fifty dogs were included, 21 received chemotherapy. Twenty‐nine dogs (58%) developed metastatic disease. The median MFI was 627 days, and median ST was 525 days. In univariate analysis MI > 40 was prognostic for decreased MFI and ST. Grade also influenced MFI and ST, with 5/21 (24%) dogs with grade II/III tumours metastasis‐free at one year versus 16/22 (72%) dogs with grade I tumours (P = 0.002); and 5/21 (24%) dogs with grade II/III tumours alive versus 17/22 (77%) dogs with grade I tumours (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, histological grade and adjuvant chemotherapy were prognostic for MFI and ST.  相似文献   

Gene Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporters and Oocyte‐secreted Factors in Bovine Cumulus‐oocyte Complexes Selected by Brilliant Cresyl Blue          下载免费PDF全文

EF Lopes  LS Marques  RG Duranti  ATD de Oliveira  RFF Lopes  JL Rodrigues 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):763-770

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Development of an in vitro digestion method to assess carotenoid bioavailability from meals.   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

D A Garrett  M L Failla  R J Sarama 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4301-4309

The objective of this study was to develop a model for assessing the bioavailability of carotenoids from meals using an in vitro digestion procedure. A meal was prepared using baby food carrots, spinach, and a meat, plus tomato paste. The aqueous fraction was isolated from digesta to determine the quantity of carotenoids transferred from the food to micelles. The micellarization of lutein (25-40%) exceeded (p < 0.01) that of alpha- and beta-carotene (12-18%) and lycopene (<0.5%). Micellarization of carotenoids was not affected by elimination of the gastric phase of the digestive process. The absence of bile extract prevented the transfer of carotenoids from foods to micelles, whereas omission of pancreatin only reduced the micellarization of the carotenes. Differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human intestinal cells accumulated 28-46% of micellarized carotenoids from the medium after 6 h. These results support the usefulness of the in vitro digestion process as a rapid and cost-effective model for screening the bioavailability of carotenoids from meals.  相似文献   

Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on adaptation of cows to postpartum diets and on lactational performance.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P H Robinson  J E Garrett 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(4):988-999

Multiparous (n = 26) and primiparous (n = 18) Holstein cows were fed prepartum and postpartum total mixed diets that were, or were not, supplemented with a yeast culture (YC) for approximately 23 d prepartum and 56 d postpartum. Multiparous cows supplemented with YC selected a prepartum diet higher in CP than did unsupplemented cows, although prepartum performance of cows of both parities, as assessed by DMI and measures of body status, was not influenced by YC. The extent of the prepartum DMI depression was not influenced by YC supplementation in cows of either parity. An intake behavior study with six multiparous cows suggested that cows supplemented with YC exhibited repeated diurnal feed intake patterns until approximately 7 d prepartum, vs 10 d prepartum for unsupplemented cows. Cows of both parities supplemented with YC had numerically higher DMI and production of milk and milk components, although only DMI for multiparous cows and milk production for primiparous cows approached statistical significance. Intake behavior results suggested that cows supplemented with YC achieved repeated diurnal feed intake patterns by approximately 14 d postpartum, vs 20 d postpartum for unsupplemented cows. Concentrations of ruminal metabolites and pH did not differ between treatments, although ruminal fluid collection occurred while diurnal feed intake patterns were repeated (regular). Overall, our results can be interpreted to support a trend toward a modest postpartum improvement in performance of primiparous and multiparous cows supplemented with this YC for 23 d prepartum and 56 d postpartum. However, primiparous cows seemed to achieve this modest overall improvement primarily through enhanced postpartum DMI, whereas in multiparous cows it was due almost equally to enhanced postpartum DMI and higher energy density of the diet.  相似文献   

Observing fish interactions with marine energy turbines using acoustic cameras     

Emma Cotter  Garrett Staines 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(6):1020-1033

Marine current energy converters such as tidal and riverine turbines have the potential to provide reliable, clean power. The risk of collision of fishes with marine energy turbines is not yet well understood, in part due to the challenges associated with observing fish at turbine sites. Turbidity and light availability can limit the effectiveness of optical sensors like video cameras, motivating the use of acoustic cameras for this task. However, challenges persist in collecting and interpreting data acquired from acoustic cameras. Given the limited number of turbine deployments to date, it is prudent to draw on the application of acoustic cameras to monitor fish in other scenarios. This article synthesizes their use for other fisheries applications to inform best practices and set realistic expectations for the results of acoustic camera monitoring at turbine sites. We discuss six key tasks performed with acoustic cameras: detecting objects, identifying objects as fish, counting fish, measuring fish, classifying fish taxonomically and analysing fish behavior. Specific challenges to monitoring fish at turbine sites are discussed. This article is intended to serve as a reference for researchers, regulators and marine energy developers on effective use of acoustic cameras to monitor fish at turbine sites. The studies detailed in this article provide evidence that, in some scenarios, acoustic cameras can be used to inform the risk of fish collision with marine energy turbines but doing so requires careful study design and data processing.  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and influence of large woody debris in an old-growth forest river system, New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Brenda R. Baillie  Loretta G. Garrett  Anthony W. Evanson 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,256(1-2):20-27

A field survey was undertaken to determine the quantity, spatial distribution and influence of large woody debris (LWD) in a fifth-order river system in old-growth forest in New Zealand. LWD attributes were assessed at 25 sites distributed in the headwaters and along the main stem of the Whirinaki River system (73 km²). LWD volume, number of pieces, piece length and piece size, were positively correlated with bankfull width, whereas the number of pieces/unit area, LWD/unit area, number of pieces suspended across the channel and LWD influence on channel morphology, were negatively correlated. Pieces influencing channel morphology were larger, longer and more stable than average. We identified four key zones in the river system based on LWD spatial distribution patterns and influence on habitat complexity. Zonal boundaries occurred where there were changes in the transport capacity, fluvial processes, channel width and geomorphic structure of the channel. The results of this study highlight the need to understand the characteristics, spatial distribution patterns and influence of LWD at the catchment level when undertaking protective, management or rehabilitation programmes in forested river ecosystems.  相似文献   

Habitat use by two extremophile,highly endemic,and critically endangered fish species (Gambusia eurystoma and Poecilia sulphuraria; Poeciliidae)          下载免费PDF全文

Zachary W. Culumber  Garrett W. Hopper  Nicholas Barts  Courtney N. Passow  Samuel Morgan  Anthony Brown  Lenin Arias‐Rodriguez  Michael Tobler 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(6):1155-1167

Seed degeneration in potato: the need for an integrated seed health strategy to mitigate the problem in developing countries          下载免费PDF全文

S. Thomas‐Sharma  A. Abdurahman  S. Ali  J. L. Andrade‐Piedra  S. Bao  A. O. Charkowski  D. Crook  M. Kadian  P. Kromann  P. C. Struik  L. Torrance  K. A. Garrett  G. A. Forbes 《Plant pathology》2016,65(1):3-16

Seed potato degeneration, the reduction in yield or quality caused by an accumulation of pathogens and pests in planting material due to successive cycles of vegetative propagation, has been a long‐standing production challenge for potato growers around the world. In developed countries this problem has been overcome by general access to and frequent use of seed, produced by specialized growers, that has been certified to have pathogen and pest incidence below established thresholds, often referred to as certified seed. The success of certified seed in developed countries has concentrated the research and development agenda on the establishment of similar systems in developing countries. Despite these efforts, certified seed has had little penetration into the informal seed systems currently in place in most developing countries. Small‐scale farmers in these countries continue to plant seed tubers acquired through the informal seed system, i.e. produced on‐farm or acquired from neighbours or local markets. Informal seed tubers frequently have poor health status, leading to significant reductions in yield and/or market value. This review emphasizes the need to refocus management efforts in developing countries on improving the health status of seed tubers in the informal system by integrating disease resistance and on‐farm management tools with strategic seed replacement. This ‘integrated seed health strategy’ can also prolong the good health status of plants derived from certified seed, which would otherwise be diminished due to potential rapid infection from neighbouring fields. Knowledge gaps, development challenges and impacts of this integrated seed health strategy are discussed.  相似文献   

Soil water content and infiltration in agroforestry buffer strips   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Stephen H. Anderson  Ranjith P. Udawatta  Tshepiso Seobi  Harold E. Garrett 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(1):5-16

Agroforestry practices are receiving increased attention in temperate zones due to their environmental and economic benefits. To test the hypothesis that agroforestry buffers reduce runoff by increased infiltration, water use, and water storage; profile water content and soil water infiltration were measured for a Putnam soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualf). The watershed was under no-till management with a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation since 1991. Agroforestry buffer strips, 4.5 m wide and 36.5 m apart, were planted with redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth), brome (Bromus spp.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor Willd.) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.) trees were planted at 3-m intervals in the center of the agroforestry buffers in 1997. Ponded water infiltration was measured in agroforestry and grass buffers and row crop areas. Water content in agroforestry and row crop areas at 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm depths were measured throughout the year. Quasi-steady infiltration rates were not different (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Agroforestry had lower soil water content than row crop areas (P < 0.05) during the growing season. Higher water content after the principal recharge event in the agroforestry treatment was attributed to better infiltration through the root system. Results show that agroforestry buffer strips reduce soil water content during critical times such as fallow periods, and increase water infiltration and water storage. Therefore, adoption of agroforestry buffer practices may reduce runoff and soil loss from watersheds in row crop management.  相似文献   

Sectional notes     

L. M. Ware  Frank E. Garrett  M. A. Lindsay  A. H. Eddins  Eugene W. Whitman  W. B. Ward  John C. Campbell  E. V. Hardenburg  Earl B. Tussing  C. A. Henderson  John Noonan  Harold L. Bailey 《American Journal of Potato Research》1945,22(4):114-124

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