INDEPTH Wide-Angle Reflection Observation of P-Wave-to-S-Wave Conversion from Crustal Bright Spots in Tibet     

Y Makovsky  SL Klemperer  L Ratschbacher  LD Brown  M Li  W Zhao  F Meng 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5293):1690-1691

Three-component wide-angle seismic data acquired in southern Tibet during Project INDEPTH show strong P-to-S converted reflections from reflectors that are aligned at a depth of approximately 15 kilometers beneath the northern Yadong-Gulu rift. These converted reflections are locally higher in amplitude than the corresponding P-wave reflections. Modeling of reflection mode conversion as a function of incidence angle indicates that this condition obtains for a reflector that is a solid over fluid interface; it is not typical of a solid-solid interface. The likely candidates for a fluid trapped within the crystalline crust of southern Tibet are granitic magma and water (brine).  相似文献   

Transport of peptide-MHC class II complexes in developing dendritic cells     

Turley SJ  Inaba K  Garrett WS  Ebersold M  Unternaehrer J  Steinman RM  Mellman I 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5465):522-527

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules capture peptides within the endocytic pathway to generate T cell receptor (TCR) ligands. Immature dendritic cells (DCs) sequester intact antigens in lysosomes, processing and converting antigens into peptide-MHC II complexes upon induction of DC maturation. The complexes then accumulate in distinctive, nonlysosomal MHC II+ vesicles that appear to migrate to the cell surface. Although the vesicles exclude soluble lysosomal contents and antigen-processing machinery, many contain MHC I and B7 costimulatory molecules. After arrival at the cell surface, the MHC and costimulatory molecules remain clustered. Thus, transport of peptide-MHC II complexes by DCs not only accomplishes transfer from late endocytic compartments to the plasma membrane, but does so in a manner that selectively concentrates TCR ligands and costimulatory molecules for T cell contact.  相似文献   

Tidal Currents and Eddy Statistics From Iceberg Trajectories off Labrador     

Garrett C  Middleton J  Hazen M  Majaess F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4692):1333-1335

Extensive data on the trajectories of icebergs located off the coast of Labrador has yielded information on tidal currents, the effect of wind on iceberg motion, and the properties of the low-frequency eddies. Statistical properties of the data were shown to be related to theoretical ideas on two-dimensional turbulence and to the connection between Eulerian and Lagrangian velocity statistics. The results have led to an estimate of the cross-shelf mixing rate and a statistical prediction scheme for iceberg trajectories.  相似文献   

Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins     

Mundy G  Garrett R  Harris S  Chan J  Chen D  Rossini G  Boyce B  Zhao M  Gutierrez G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1946-1949

Osteoporosis and other diseases of bone loss are a major public health problem. Here it is shown that the statins, drugs widely used for lowering serum cholesterol, also enhance new bone formation in vitro and in rodents. This effect was associated with increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells. Lovastatin and simvastatin increased bone formation when injected subcutaneously over the calvaria of mice and increased cancellous bone volume when orally administered to rats. Thus, in appropriate doses, statins may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteoporosis.  相似文献   

Negative effects of energy supplementation at peak lactation of sheep can be offset by the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented plant extracts     

Matthew R Beck  Konagh Garrett  Kenneth J Olejar  Thomas M R Maxwell  Craig R Bunt  Andrew E Greer  Pablo Gregorini 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)

Energy supplementation may reduce oxidative stress by correcting a negative energy balance, but in some contexts, it has been shown to increase oxidative stress, especially at peak lactation. The current experiment examined if a pelleted energy supplement with or without the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented seaweed or seaweed plus terrestrial plants extracts affected oxidative stress of ewes from late gestation through to weaning and ewe and lamb production from lambing to weaning. Treatments were either no supplement (CON−), a pelleted supplement only (CON+, 100 g/ewe per d), CON+ with seaweed extract only (SWO, 10 mL/ewe per day), or CON+ with seaweed plus an arrangement of terrestrial plant extract (SWP, 10 mL/ewe per d). Ewes (n = 160; mean initial BW = 72.3 ± 9.5 kg [mean ± SD]) were randomized to pastures (n = 4 pastures per treatment with 10 ewes each). After lambing, ewes with twins were reallocated to pastures (n = 3 pastures per treatment with 10 ewes each) according to lambing date. At 4 wk in milk, supplementation tended to reduce total antioxidant status (TAS; P = 0.10) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared with nonsupplemented ewes (P = 0.04). The addition of seaweed and terrestrial plants extracts to the concentrate, that is, SWO and SWP, increased TAS and reduced GPx activity compared with CON+ (P < 0.01). Supplementation increased milk yield at weeks 4, 6, and 8 of lactation, and protein, lactose, and total milk solids yield at peak lactation (week 4; P < 0.05). The CON− ewes had greater somatic cell count than the supplemented ewes at weeks 4, 8, and 10 of lactation (P = 0.03). Our results suggest that energy supplementation, alone, increases oxidative stress of lactating ewes, which may relate to increased oxidative phosphorylation. Most importantly, these results indicate that in situations where energy supplementation is needed to increase animal performance, negative effects of energy supplementation around peak lactation can be offset by the addition of Lactobacillus-fermented plant extracts (SWO and SWP) to improve antioxidant status.  相似文献   

Fish species identification using PCR-RFLP analysis and lab-on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis: application to detect white fish species in food products and an interlaboratory study   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dooley JJ  Sage HD  Clarke MA  Brown HM  Garrett SD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(9):3348-3357

Identification of 10 white fish species associated with U.K. food products was achieved using PCR-RFLP of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Use of lab-on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis for end-point analysis enabled accurate sizing of DNA fragments and identification of fish species at a level of 5% (w/w) in a fish admixture. One restriction enzyme, DdeI, allowed discrimination of eight species. When combined with NlaIII and HaeIII, specific profiles for all 10 species were generated. The method was applied to a range of products and subjected to an interlaboratory study carried out by five U.K. food control laboratories. One hundred percent correct identification of single species samples and six of nine admixture samples was achieved by all laboratories. The results indicated that fish species identification could be carried out using a database of PCR-RFLP profiles without the need for reference materials.  相似文献   

Spinal mast cell tumor in a dog.     

Lisa E Moore  Laura D Garrett  Brad Debey  David S Biller 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):67-70

A 6-year-old, spayed female rottweiler was referred for left forelimb lameness followed by tetraparesis. A mast cell tumor compressing the spinal cord at the level of the sixth cervical to first thoracic (C6-T1) vertebrae was diagnosed based on cervical myelography and necropsy findings. This was considered a primary extracutaneous mast cell tumor, as no evidence of disease was found elsewhere. This is the first report of a primary mast cell tumor in this location.  相似文献   

Influence of supplemental nitrogen source on digestion of nitrogen, dry matter and organic matter and on in vivo rate of ruminal protein degradation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J E Garrett  R D Goodrich  J C Meiske  M D Stern 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(6):1801-1812

Seven Holstein steers (340 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were used to measure the influence of supplemental N source on digestion of dietary crude protein (CP) and on ruminal rates of protein degradation. Diets used were corn-based (isonitrogenous, 12% CP on a dry matter basis, and isocaloric, 80% total digestible nutrients) with urea, soybean meal (SBM), linseed meal (LSM) or corn gluten meal (CGM) as supplemental N. Ruminal ammonia N concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in steers fed LSM than in those fed CGM, but did not differ from those in steers fed urea or SBM (11.7, 6.7, 9.1 and 9.2 mg/100 ml, respectively). Due to the high degradability of urea, ruminal digestion of dietary CP was greater (P less than .05) in steers fed urea than in those fed CGM, but intermediate in steers fed SBM and LSM (58.4, 48.8, 53.1 and 53.9%, respectively). Flow of bacterial nonammonia N to the duodenum was highest (P less than .05) in steers fed SBM or LSM, intermediate (P less than .05) for urea and lowest (P less than .05) for CGM (86.8, 86.1, 76.3 and 65.9 g/d, respectively). Efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis was lowest in steers fed CGM and differed (P less than .05) from SBM (15.6 vs 21.8 g N/kg organic matter truly digested, respectively). Rate of ruminal digestion for SBM-CP differed (P less than .05) from that of CGM-CP but not from that of LSM-CP (17.70, 5.20 and 10.13%/h, respectively). The slow rate of ruminal degradability of CGM resulted in increased amounts of dietary protein reaching the intestinal tract but lower amounts of bacterial protein, thus intestinal protein supply was not appreciably altered.  相似文献   

Letter: Use of succinylcholine in castration of horses     

W E Hewberry  E D Garrett  L T Alkire 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1974,164(12):1161-1162

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Identification and characterization of aquaporin-9 (AQP9) in porcine hepatic tissue and hepatocytes in monolayer culture     

Caperna TJ  Shannon AE  Richards MP  Garrett WM  Talbot NC 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2007,32(4):273-286

Aquaporins (AQPs) are members of a large family of integral membrane proteins involved in the rapid movement of water and neutral solutes across cell membranes. In this study, we have prepared an affinity-purified porcine-specific polyclonal antiserum to AQP9 and have investigated the distribution and expression of AQP9 in pig liver tissue and in hepatocytes in primary culture. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that AQP9 was primarily localized in the membrane structures of hepatocytes and was not associated with intrahepatic bile ducts or blood vessels. Western blot analysis indicated that AQP9 ranged in apparent molecular mass between 27 and 38 kD in whole liver and hepatocyte membrane fractions; minor components were also observed at approximately 34 kD in the cytosol compartment of hepatocytes, bile duct and gall bladder. A prominent immunoreactive band at 44 kD was shown to be an artifact of Western blot analysis. In primary cultures of porcine hepatocytes, glucagon enhanced absolute levels of AQP9 protein, while gene expression was enhanced by T3 and glucagon. Insulin alone had no discernable influence on AQP9 gene expression or its cellular protein levels. These data suggest that AQP9 is a major AQP in porcine hepatic tissue and appears to be primarily responsive to glucagon induction.  相似文献