Pericardioscopic imaging findings in cadaveric dogs: Comparison of an apical pericardial window and sub‐phrenic pericardectomy     

Owen T. Skinner BVSc  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Gary W. Ellison DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Eric L. Monnet DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(1):45-51

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Biomechanical Evaluation of the Influence of an Intramedullary Pin on the Stability of a Feline Ilial Fracture Model Stabilized With a Bone Plate     

Renee C. Krebs DVM  MS  Simon C. Roe BVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Brian J. Trumpatori DVM  Diplomate ACVS  Gary Spodnick DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2014,43(2):114-119

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Behavior: A Guide for Practitioners     

Gary M. Landsberg 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2014

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Microbial Ecology of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Fish and the Potential Application of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Finfish Aquaculture   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gary  Burr Delbert  Gatlin III Steven  Ricke 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2005,36(4):425-436

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The need for enhanced disease resistance, feed efficiency, and growth performance of cultured organisms is substantial for various sectors of this industry. If growth performance and feed efficiency are increased in commercial aquaculture, then the costs of production are likely to be reduced. Also if more fish are able to resist disease and survive until they are of marketable size, the subsequent cost of medication and overall production costs would be reduced drastically. It has been documented in a number of food animals that gastrointestinal microbiota play important roles in affecting the nutrition and health of the host organism. Thus, various means of altering the intestinal microbiota to achieve favorable effects such as enhancing growth, digestion, immunity, and disease resistance of the host organism have been investigated in various terrestrial livestock as well as in humans. Dietary supplementation of prebiotcs, which are classified as non‐digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by stimulating growth and/or activity of a limited number of health‐promoting bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter spp. in the intestine, while limiting potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli, have been reported to favorably affect various terrestrial species; however, such information is extremely limited to date for aquatic organisms. Effects of probiotics, defined as live microbial feed supplements, on gastrointestinal microbiota have been studied in some fishes, but the primary application of microbial manipulations in aquaculture has been to alter the composition of the aquatic medium. In general, the gastrointestinal microbiota of fishes including those produced in aquaculture has been poorly characterized, especially the anaerobic microbiota. Therefore, more detailed studies of the microbial community of cultured fish are needed to potentially enhance the effectiveness of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation. This review summarizes and evaluates current knowledge of intestinal microbial ecology of fishes, the various functions of this intestinal microbial community, and the potential for further application of prebiotics and probiotics in aquaculture.  相似文献   

A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)     

Peng Li  Gary S Burr  Jonathan Goff  Kasey W Whiteman  Kenneth B Davis  Robert R Vega  William H Neill  & Delbert M Gatlin III 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(11):1120-1127

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with brewers yeast (Brewtech^®) and nucleotides (Optimûn), either singularly or in combination, on red drum growth, body composition, stress responses and possible resistance to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection. Juvenile red drum (～1 g initially) fed practical fish‐meal‐based diets for 6 weeks had similar weight gain regardless of whether the diet was unsupplemented (basal) or supplemented with brewers yeast (2% of diet), nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet) or both brewers yeast (2% of diet) and nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet). Dietary effects on hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio or whole‐body composition were not significant, except that fish fed the singular nucleotide supplement had a significantly higher whole‐body lipid content compared with fish fed the basal diet. No significant dietary effects on cortisol response were observed after a 15 min confinement stress test perhaps because of the extreme variation among individual fish. Subsequently, in situ challenge by co‐habitation with A. ocellatum caused 100% mortality regardless of dietary treatment within a 48 h period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides did not promote enhanced growth or improved cortisol response and resistance to uncontrolled amyloodiniosis in juvenile red drum, at least at the tested dosages.  相似文献   

Effect of salinity on natural community and production of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone), within experimental zero-water exchange culture systems     

Olivier Decamp  Jeff Cody  Lytha Conquest  Gary Delanoy  & Albert G J Tacon 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(4):345-355

Recent efforts have been made to culture marine shrimp in systems operating under low or zero‐water exchange and with decreased water salinity. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of various salinity levels on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the natural community and, more particularly, ciliated protozoa, and compare this information with shrimp growth and survival. Tanks with 9‰ salinity were characterized by a higher pH, but also by a significantly higher concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) per weight of suspended matter (1.93 ± 0.72 µg Chl a/mg TSS) than tanks with 18‰ (1.29 ± 0.68 µg Chl a/mg TSS) or 36‰ (1.37 ± 0.61 µg Chl a/mg TSS) salinity. Concentrations of ciliates (max 6000 cells mL^?1) showed considerable fluctuations over the sampling period, reflecting the impact of water salinity, dynamic interactions between ciliates and their diverse roles within the shrimp production system. There was no significant difference between survival rates of shrimp reared at 9‰, 18‰ or 36‰, but decreasing salinity from 36‰ to 9‰ led to a significant decrease in final shrimp body weight (from 13.40 ± 0.26 g to 10.23 ± 2.72 g). Future work should address the potential of ciliates as an indicator of aquaculture water quality, as is currently being done in the wastewater industry, and the contribution of ciliates as food sources.  相似文献   

Carbonate mineral filtrants with new surfaces reduce alkalinity in seawater and artificial seawater: Preliminary findings     

Gary Adams  Stephen Spotte 《Aquacultural Engineering》1985,4(4):305-311

Silica sand (silica), coral (aragonite), and oyster shell (calcite) were ground to similar particle sizes and placed in seawater and artificial seawater (GP2 Medium). Alkalinity and pH values of the artificial seawater decreased substantially over 24 h when in contact with coral and oyster shell; the effects in seawater were minor. Once alkalinity has been reduced, the maintenance of stable pH at values typical of seawater is made more difficult. The data, which are preliminary, have practical application.  相似文献   

Reporting standards for biofilter performance studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Colt  Jonathan Lamoureux  Richard Patterson  Gary Rogers   《Aquacultural Engineering》2006,34(3):377-388

The development of standardized rating and design procedures for biological filters will require that filter performance be evaluated and reported in a standardized manner. This article recommends draft reporting standards for biofilter performance studies. It is important that critical parameters are defined and reported in a standard manner, both in terms of definition, variable names, and units. Depending on the type and scale of an experiment, reporting of certain parameters will be either mandatory or optional. Basic principles of experimental design, statistical analysis, and randomization must be followed. Experimental protocols are recommended to ensure the accuracy of measured or computed parameters. The development of this reporting standard is being organized through the Standards and Reporting Committee of the Aquaculture Engineering Society (AES). It is anticipated that a revised version of these standards will be incorporated into the Guide to Authors for Aquacultural Engineering.  相似文献   

Aquaculture pond temperature modeling     

Stanley L. Klemetson  Gary L. Rogers 《Aquacultural Engineering》1985,4(3):191-208

The prediction of aquaculture pond temperatures throughout the year is essential to the design and evaluation of potential aquaculture sites. A site may obtain the necessary heat inputs from the sun, geothermal wells or industrial and power plant waste heat. The amount of heat addition necessary is dependent upon climatic and environmental factors at the site.The MAPT (Maintenance of Aquaculture Pond Temperatures) model was developed to determine the potential for warm water aquaculture at any site in the world. Hot water sources and solar radiation provided the heat inputs to the model while the heats of evaporation, convection and radiation were responsible for the heat losses.The model was used to consider a variety of heat loss reduction methods, heat transfer methods and projected the pond temperatures and animal production rates. It has been applied to several sites around the world and provides an inexpensive means for evaluation of production potential without extensive site data collection.  相似文献   

The type of activated carbon determines how much dissolved organic carbon is removed from artificial seawater     

Stephen Spotte  Gary Adams 《Aquacultural Engineering》1984,3(3):207-220

Four granular activated carbons (GACs) made of different materials were tested for removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from artificial seawater of a recirculated aquarium. After 70 days in a continuous flow experiment, comparative removal data (grams of GAC required to remove 1 g of DOC) were coconut shell (491), hardwood (84·4), anthracite (837) and bone char (383), indicating the superior performance of hardwood. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microbial colonization of a sample material (hardwood) was slight and occurred exclusively at the surface. Biological enhancement of GAC was considered to be unimportant as a mechanism for DOC removal.  相似文献