Student debt — A role for private practice owners          下载免费PDF全文

George Guernsey 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1999,40(9):620-622

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Demographic analysis of the veterinary profession in Canada — A reply          下载免费PDF全文

George Guernsey 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1999,40(1):6

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Potato production on wide beds: Impact on yield and selected soil physical characteristics     

Charlotte Mundy  Nancy G. Creamer  Carl R. Crozier  L. George Wilson 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(6):323-330

Planting three rows of potatoes in a bed the width of two conventional rows offers an easily managed way to increase seed piece populations, with the potential of increasing tuber yield and enhancing tuber quality. A wide bed production system (3 rows of potatoes planted on a 1.9 m flat-topped raised bed) was compared to a conventional-ridged system (1 row of potatoes in sharply sloped ridges on 96 cm centers) in 1996 and 1997 on a Norfolk sandy loam soil and a Portsmouth fine sandy loam soil in eastern North Carolina. Potato plant stands, leaf area index at approximately 9 WAP, yield, and quality were measured. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and cone index, as a measure of soil penetration resistance, were also measured, wide beds were more moist than conventional ridges early in the season. Cone index was greater throughout the root profile in wide beds in two of three tests. The row on the west side of an individual wide bed was most similar to conventional ridges in daily soil temperature fluctuations between minimum and maximum temperatures, and had greater fluctuations than the middle and eastern rows of the wide bed. Total yield and yield of grade A potatoes were not significantly different between wide beds and conventional ridges at either site. At one site, yield of grade B potatoes was significantly less in the wide bed; among the three rows in the wide bed, the eastern row had significantly lower yield of grade B potatoes. Conventional ridges had a higher percent of green grade A potatoes than the wide beds in one of three trials. Under North Carolina conditions, changing production systems would be unadvisable for most growers because wide beds do not increase yield enough to justify spending the money for more seed and to change equipment.  相似文献   

Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets     

Eleni Fountoulaki  Henry Morgane  George Rigos  Vasilaki Antigoni  Eleni Mente  John Sweetman  Ioannis Nengas 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e208-e216

This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg^?1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg^?1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound‐healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken‐line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg^?1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles.  相似文献   

How fisher‐influenced marine closed areas contribute to ecosystem‐based management: A review and performance indicator scorecard          下载免费PDF全文

Kate Kincaid  George Rose  Rodolphe Devillers 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(5):860-876

A rapid review of the literature on closed areas that recognize key ecosystem‐based management (EBM) principles of fisheries and biodiversity conservation and had fisher involvement was employed to review closed areas worldwide from a fisheries perspective and to develop a scorecard that can assess their efficacy. The review provided 523 abstracts of which 19 areas from various regions worldwide had peer‐reviewed studies that met strict selection criteria. Criteria included fisher involvement, biodiversity conservation and fisheries management objectives. A repeat search without “fisher” and synonyms found, 62,622 papers indicating that most closed area studies had no mention of any fisher involvement. The general success of the areas selected suggests that fisher involvement benefits both biological conservation and fisheries management. Fisheries and biodiversity conservation outcomes were not exclusive to any one type of management closure (e.g. MPA, Fishery Closure). Twenty‐four indicators were selected, designed to provide measurable targets. High scoring indicators included management, planning and socio‐economic indicators such as local support (100%), habitat protection (100%), conservation and fisheries objectives (100%), monitoring (91.7%) and fishers concerns (91.7%). Bio‐ecological‐based indicators scored lower in most cases for all types of areas. Fisheries closures rated as highly as the MPAs with respect to both fisheries and bio‐ecological indicators. The scorecard provided a reasonable means to evaluate management success in the light of often qualitative or missing data. Addressing the interests and utilizing knowledge of those affected by closures and familiar with the area, most often local fishers, is key to achieving management objectives.  相似文献   

Evaluation of observer‐ and industry‐based catch data in a recreational charter fishery          下载免费PDF全文

C. A. Gray  S. J. Kennelly 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2017,24(2):126-138

There is international recognition for greater inclusion of recreational fisheries catch data in species, fisheries and ecosystem assessments. Recreational charter fisheries provide important social services and contribute to total species catches. This study compares and validates industry logbook catch and effort data (1,357 trips) against observer data (154 trips) across six ports in a recreational charter fishery in eastern Australia. The mean numbers of clients and fishing effort (hours) per trip varied inconsistently between data sources and among ports. Logbooks did not adequately report released catches, and the mean number of species retained per trip was consistently underestimated in logbooks compared to observer data. For both data sources, catch rates of total individuals and key species displayed similar trends across different units of effort; catch per hour, client, client/hour and trip. The mean catch rates of total individuals and most key species, except those retained for bait, were similar across data sources, as were estimates of total fleet harvests. The length compositions of retained catches of some key species displayed truncation of larger organisms in the observer data whereas other species did not. Despite the shortcomings of the logbook data, future fishery and species monitoring strategies could include industry and observer data sources.  相似文献   

Accessibility of Starch Granules to Fatty Acyl Amides     

Jonathan A. Gray  James N. BeMiller 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(3):236-242

Microscopic techniques were used to determine accessible regions in various starches under different swelling conditions. Fatty acyl chlorides of increasing chain length (C₆–C₁₆) were reacted with 2‐aminopyridine to produce the corresponding fatty acyl amides. Starch granules (common corn, waxy maize, potato) were treated with the series of fluorescent amides under a variety of conditions: anhydrous (hot pyridine), aqueous (no heat), and aqueous alkali (49°C, with and without swelling‐inhibiting salts). Isolated granules were then viewed by confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine reagent analog penetration. All populations of granules were heterogeneous with respect to fatty acyl amide penetration, but general patterns could be discerned. Observations also indicated that the area surrounding the hilum was more easily penetrated than was the rest of the granule matrix. No substantial differences in penetration of the fluorescent fatty acyl amides as the chain length increased (C₆–C₁₆ was observed in hot pyridine‐swollen common corn starch granules. Common corn and potato starch granules swollen in room temperature water showed cutoffs for granular exclusion at C₁₄ and C₁₂, respectively. Common corn, waxy maize, and potato starch granules treated under industrial etherification conditions (heat, pH ≈ 11, swelling‐inhibiting salts) were less accessible to C₆, C₈, and C₁₀ fluorescent amides when sodium citrate was present than when sodium sulfate was used, and less accessible in either case than in water alone or in hot anhydrous pyridine. However, appreciable differences between inhibition by sodium sulfate and sodium citrate were not observed in every case.  相似文献   

Conventional breeding of Greek oregano (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Origanum vulgare</Emphasis> ssp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">hirtum</Emphasis>) and development of improved cultivars for yield potential and essential oil quality     

Eirini Sarrou  Nektaria Tsivelika  Paschalina Chatzopoulou  George Tsakalidis  Georgios Menexes  Athanasios Mavromatis 《Euphytica》2017,213(5):104

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Genetic analysis of tropical quality protein maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) germplasm     

Susan G. Njeri  Dan Makumbi  Marilyn L. Warburton  Alpha Diallo  MacDonald B. Jumbo  George Chemining’wa 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):261

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important source of carbohydrates and protein in the diet in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate general (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of 13 new quality protein maize (QPM) lines in a diallel under stress and non-stress conditions, (ii) compare observed and predicted performance of QPM hybrids, (iii) characterize genetic diversity among the 13 QPM lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and assess the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance, and (iv) assess diversity and population structure in 116 new QPM inbred lines as compared to eight older tropical QPM lines and 15 non-QPM lines. The GCA and SCA effects were significant for most traits under optimal conditions, indicating that both additive and non-additive genetic effects were important for inheritance of the traits. Additive genetic effects appeared to govern inheritance of most traits under optimal conditions and across environments. Non-additive genetic effects were more important for inheritance of grain yield but additive effects controlled most agronomic traits under drought stress conditions. Inbred lines CKL08056, CKL07292, and CKL07001 had desirable GCA effects for grain yield across drought stress and non-stress conditions. Prediction efficiency for grain yield was highest under optimal conditions. The classification of 139 inbred lines with 95 SNPs generated six clusters, four of which contained 10 or fewer lines, and 16 lines of mixed co-ancestry. There was good agreement between Neighbor Joining dendrogram and Structure classification. The QPM lines used in the diallel were nearly uniformly spread throughout the dendrogram. There was no relationship between genetic distance and grain yield in either the optimal or stressed environments in this study. The genetic diversity in mid-altitude maize germplasm is ample, and the addition of the QPM germplasm did not increase it measurably.  相似文献   

Effective Management of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phthorimaea operculella</Emphasis> (Zeller) Using PVA Nanofibers Loaded with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cinnamomum zeylanicum</Emphasis> Essential Oil     

Vahid Mahdavi  Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi  Asadollah Asadi  Jabraeil Razmjou  Bahram Fathi Achachlouei  Shizuo George Kamita 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(6):647-657

Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the most common insect pests of cultivated potato in tropical and subtropical regions. In this research, a potential strategy to improve the insecticidal activity of plant essential oils for the effective management of P. operculella was studied. The insecticidal and residual effects of nanofiber oil (NFO) and pure essential oil (PEO) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were assessed on PTM under laboratory conditions. The nanofibers were made by the electrospinning method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. The morphological characteristics of the nanofibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical constituents of cinnamon essential oil (EO) were detected by GC/MS. Fumigant toxicity of NFO and PEO were evaluated on different growth stages (egg, male and female adults) of P. operculella. SEM and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of EO on the nanofiber structure. The yield of the EO from C. zelanicum on the nanofibers was 1.86%. GC/MS analysis showed that cinnamaldehyde was the primary constituent (69.88%) of cinnamon EO. LC₅₀ values of C. zelanicum EO and NFO were 4.92 and 1.76 μl/l air for eggs, 0.444 and 0.212 μl/l air for female adults, and 0.424 and 0.192 μl/l air for male adults, respectively. Fumigant bioassays revealed that NFO was more toxic than C. zeylanicum oil against at all stages of P. operculella. The residual effect of PEO and NFO was evaluated against the egg stage of the P. operculella. NFO lost insecticidal effectiveness 47 days after application, while the efficacy of PEO decreased 15 days after application. Our results suggest that NFO of C. zeylanicum can be used as an effective new tool for the management of P. operculella.  相似文献