In vitro screening and QTL analysis for drought tolerance in diploid potato     

A. M. Anithakumari  Oene Dolstra  Ben Vosman  Richard G. F. Visser  C. Gerard van der Linden 《Euphytica》2011,181(3):357-369

Drought stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting crop production worldwide. Screening for drought tolerance and the traits that enhance drought tolerance is not straightforward in large mapping populations. In this study, we investigated the possibility of screening a mapping population in vitro for PEG-induced water deficit stress and recovery potential. We have measured several shoot and root growth parameters or traits in the C × E diploid potato mapping population. Significant variation was observed for genotype-specific responses to water deficit and recovery potential. Genetic variation and heritability estimates were high to very high for the measured traits depending on growth conditions. In order to identify potato QTLs for drought tolerance and recovery potential an SNP marker-rich integrated linkage map was used. A total of 23 QTLs were detected under control, stress and recovery treatments explaining 10.3–22.4% of the variance for each phenotypic trait. Among these, 10 QTLs were located on chromosome 2. Three QTLs involved in the important trait root to shoot ratio were identified on linkage groups 2, 3 and 8. These loci explained together 41.1% of the variance for this trait, and may be breeding targets for stress tolerance and yield in the field as well. The SNP markers derived from EST sequences underlying these QTLs led to the identification of putative candidate genes for further study in potato. This study constitutes the first knowledge of in vitro screening of a mapping population for drought tolerance in potato.  相似文献   

Greenhouse evaluation and inheritance analysis of transgenic cotton expressing <Emphasis Type="Italic">PTM3</Emphasis>, a MADS-box gene of Aspen     

Esakky Ramachandran  Suchit Ashish John  Gerard Abraham  Partha Sarathi Bhattacharya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(4):275-279

The PTM3 (MADS-box) gene characterized from flower of Aspen was ectopically expressed in cotton and was found to result in desirable agronomic traits. Among several transgenic lines, the PTM3 cotton event-10 was found to flower significantly earlier than the control and yield better [Ramachandran et al. (2011)]. We report our findings on performance based on greenhouse evaluation and inheritance of PTM3 cotton event-10. The T₁ progeny of event-10 were grown in pots under RBD design. The progeny were confirmed by kanamycin imbibition test, PCR, and GUS assay which showed the segregation of transgene at about 3:1 ratio. GUS assay was performed with pollen from all transgenic plants; plants that expressed gus in all pollen versus those that showed segregation for expression were found to be at a ratio of 1:2. Similar to observations made in the T₀ generation of event-10, the agronomic evaluation of T₁ progeny exhibited, on an average, earliness of 13 days in flowering, 13.5 days in crop maturity, and 22% of yield enhancement. The T₂ progeny of homozygous lines were grown on field soil in the greenhouse under strip trial design to see the effect as observed from potted plants of T₁ progeny. Inheritance of transgene cassette to T₂ progeny was confirmed by the same tests used to analyze T₁ progeny. As exhibited by T₀ and T₁ progenies, the T₂ progeny also showed earliness of 8 days in flowering, 12 days in crop maturity, and 17% of yield enhancement. The data generated from the progeny over two generations confirms that the PTM3 cotton event-10 is superior in agronomic characters as compared to non-transgenic cotton and is of interest for breeding shorter duration varieties with improved yield.  相似文献   

Developments in indoor sustainable plant production with emphasis on energy saving   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gerard P. A. Bot   《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2001,30(1-3)

In conventional greenhouse crop production the high level of energy input conflicts with international agreements on reduction of CO₂ emission. To reduce absolute energy consumption, energy friendly greenhouse systems have to be designed. If today's available technology is applied energy saving will be too low to meet the standards in future. Therefore, new technology has to be developed on aspects ranging from improving the greenhouse insulation and light transmittance to climate conditioning and control and energy management. An important aspect is that the production system is converted from a production-driven to a consumer-oriented activity. Modelling and information technology are important aspects in the developments in interaction with other disciplines.  相似文献   

Why is climate sensitivity so unpredictable?     

Roe GH  Baker MB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5850):629-632

Uncertainties in projections of future climate change have not lessened substantially in past decades. Both models and observations yield broad probability distributions for long-term increases in global mean temperature expected from the doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, with small but finite probabilities of very large increases. We show that the shape of these probability distributions is an inevitable and general consequence of the nature of the climate system, and we derive a simple analytic form for the shape that fits recent published distributions very well. We show that the breadth of the distribution and, in particular, the probability of large temperature increases are relatively insensitive to decreases in uncertainties associated with the underlying climate processes.  相似文献   

Detection of a red supergiant progenitor star of a type II-plateau supernova     

Smartt SJ  Maund JR  Hendry MA  Tout CA  Gilmore GF  Mattila S  Benn CR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5657):499-503

We present the discovery of a red supergiant star that exploded as supernova 2003gd in the nearby spiral galaxy M74. The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the Gemini Telescope imaged this galaxy 6 to 9 months before the supernova explosion, and subsequent HST images confirm the positional coincidence of the supernova with a single resolved star that is a red supergiant of 8(+4)(-2) solar masses. This confirms both stellar evolution models and supernova theories predicting that cool red supergiants are the immediate progenitor stars of type II-plateau supernovae.  相似文献   

Chemistry. Zinc-zinc bonds: a new frontier     

Parkin G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5687):1117-1118

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RNA in Learning and Memory     

Gerard RW  Chamberlain TJ  Rothschild GH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1963,140(3565):381

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Wine-making: an eternal art     

Gerard RD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,155(3765):951

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Desalination of cold seawater     

Gerard RD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3925):1564-1565

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Biochemistry. A new target for antibiotic development     

Wright GD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5817):1373-1374

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