Ovarian contractility in reared gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) in different phases of the reproductive cycle     

R. Zupa  M. Piccinno  A. Corriero  C. Trisolini  G. Centoducati  A. Rizzo  R. L. Sciorsci 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(1):165-171

Spontaneous ovarian tunica albuginea contractility was evaluated in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) at different phases of the reproductive cycle. Fourteen adult females were sampled from February to November 2012 in a commercial fish farm, and ovaries were removed and processed for histological and contractility analyses. Fish reproductive stages were evaluated on haematoxylin–eosin-stained ovary sections or by simple macroscopic observation of hydrated oocytes in spawning individuals. Tunica albuginea spontaneous contractility was recorded by using ovary wall strips mounted in an organ bath containing modified Ringer’s solution. Ovary macro- and microscopic analyses allowed the identification of three different reproductive conditions: vitellogenesis, spawning and regressing. The gilthead seabream tunica albuginea was capable to contract spontaneously, and significant differences were found in mean contraction amplitude among the three reproductive states, with the highest value recorded in individuals in regressing condition and the lowest in individuals at spawning stage. No differences in mean contractility frequency among the three different groups were found. Possible involvement of spontaneous contractility in facilitating developing follicle advancement towards the ovarian lumen within the ovary and in supporting recovery of regressing ovaries may be hypothesized. The low contractility observed during the final oocyte maturation and spawning phases does not seem to support a role of tunica albuginea during ovulation, which could conversely involve theca cell contraction. Alternatively, possible single instantaneous contractions of tunica albuginea muscle fibres, not detected in the present study, could occur during ovulation in response to neuro-hormonal stimulations; a role of abdominal wall musculature in ovary “squeezing” and consequent release of ovulated eggs cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

Bio-guided isolation of the cytotoxic corytenchine and isocoreximine from roots of Annona cherimolia     

Martínez-Vázquez M  De la Cueva Lozano DG  Estrada-Reyes R  González-Lugo NM  Ramírez Apan T  Heinze G 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):733-736

The roots of Annona cherimolia have been shown to contain the known tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids corytenchine (1) and isocoreximine (2), investigated for their cytotoxic properties.  相似文献   

Mitigation of effects of extreme drought during stage III of peach fruit development by summer pruning and fruit thinning     

Lopez G  Mata M  Arbones A  Solans JR  Girona J  Marsal J 《Tree physiology》2006,26(4):469-477

A water deficit during stage III of fruit growth was established with the aim of determining if it is possible to achieve an improvement in tree water status by summer pruning and fruit thinning. The experiment was set up as a randomized block split-plot design across trials (irrigation) where pruning was assigned to the main plot and fruit thinning to the sub-plots. The irrigation treatments were (1) standard full irrigation (FI), and (2) suppression of irrigation during stage III of fruit growth until leaves visibly withered (LWI); the pruning treatments were (1) experimental summer pruning (EP), and (2) standard summer pruning (CP); and three fruit thinning intensities were applied to facilitate analysis of the effects of the treatments in relation to fruit load. Changes in amount of light intercepted and in tree stem water potential (Psi stem) were evaluated. The EP treatment reduced the amount of light intercepted by the tree. In the FI treatment, there was a significant reduction in fruit growth measured as both water accumulation and dry mass accumulation. Under FI conditions, reductions in fruit load as a result of EP were not accompanied by a significant improvement in Psi stem. In the LWI treatment, EP produced a significant improvement of 0.17 MPa in Psi stem, but there was no improvement in fruit growth compared with CP trees. A reduction in fruit load from 350 (commercial load) to 150 per tree significantly improved Psi stem by 0.3 MPa at the end of stage III of fruit growth. These results indicate that improvements in water status in response to pruning may be insufficient to promote fruit growth if the pruned trees are unable to provide an adequate supply of assimilates to the developing fruits.  相似文献   

Bayesian mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling soybean cyst nematode resistant     

Osvin Arriagada  Freddy Mora  Joaquín C. Dellarossa  Marcia F. S. Ferreira  Gerardo D. L. Cervigni  Ivan Schuster 《Euphytica》2012,186(3):907-917

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most economically important pathogens of soybean. Molecular mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SCN is a proven useful strategy in order to assist in the development of resistant soybean cultivars. In the present study, a Bayesian modeling approach was performed to map QTL controlling genetic resistance to SCN races 3 and 14. For this purpose, a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between line Y23 (susceptible) and cv. Hartwig (resistant) was used. A total of 144 microsatellites markers (Simple Sequence Repeats) were selected and synthesized for mapping purpose. Posterior marginal parameter distributions were computed using the Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJ-MCMC) algorithm. It was determined the existence of four QTLs on three linkage groups (LG); that is LG A2 for race 3, LG C2 for race 14, and LG G for both races. The estimates of posterior modes of the heritability were 0.038 and 0.53 for the LGs A2 and G respectively (race 3). For the race 14 the posterior modes of the heritability were 0.044 and 0.05 for the LGs C2 and G. The identified QTLs explained about 57 and 9 % of the total phenotypic variance, for the races 3 and 14, respectively. These results confirm the effectiveness of the Bayesian method to map QTL controlling resistance to SCN in soybean. Accordingly, integrating QTL mapping with Bayesian methods will enable response to selection for quantitative traits of interest in soybean to be improved.  相似文献   

Transport stress in horses: Effects of two different distances     

Alessandra Tateo  Barbara Padalino  Marianna Boccaccio  Aristide Maggiolino  Pasquale Centoducati 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(1):33-42

This study compares the effects of 2 journeys of different lengths (50 km and 200 km) on horses. The first journey lasted about 1 hour, the second about 3 hours. Twelve Standardbred horses were used for the test. Blood samples were collected and analyzed (packed cells volume [PCV], cortisol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, total proteins, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase), and heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, and temperature were measured at 5 different experimental times: at rest, at loading, at unloading, and at 2 and 4 hours after return from the journey. Behavior was recorded by direct observation of loading and unloading, within the vehicle, and 2 and 4 hours after arrival in a new stall. The same parameters were recorded at the same times (excluding loading and unloading) in a control group of horses that had not travelled. All the data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis (analysis of variance).Loading always caused an increase of HR and PCV. The different journey lengths produced significant increases in serum glucose, cortisol concentration, PCV, and HR. Serum cortisol concentrations after short transport were considerably higher than values registered at rest and after long transport. The long journey caused an increase of creatine kinase 2 hours after return. On arrival in the new stalls, the horses that had travelled sniffed less and snorted later than the control group. They ate immediately and more quickly, and those that had travelled 200 km also showed more interest in water than those that travelled for 50 km and the control group. The other behaviors, including exploratory, rest, and play activities, were concentrated in the second 2-hour observation period when the horses tended to feed less. The present trial showed that adaptation to a new stall could be facilitated by offering horses food and fresh water when they arrive, and that for horses that must make a 3-hour journey before a race, it would be better to arrive at their destination at least 4 hours before beginning physical activity.  相似文献   

Reference limits for biochemical and hematological analytes of dairy cows one week before and one week after parturition          下载免费PDF全文

Gerardo F. Quiroz-Rocha  Stephen J. LeBlanc  Todd F. Duffield  Darren Wood  Ken E. Leslie    Robert M. Jacobs 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2009,50(4):383-388

Since dairy cows during the transition period have multiple endocrine and metabolic changes, it is necessary to determine the reference limits of laboratory analytes in normal transition cows. Reference limits for the weeks before and after calving were determined in dairy cows. Animals that had adverse clinical outcomes after calving and cows that were culled or had mastitis within the first 7 days after calving were excluded. All biochemical analytes (β-hydroxybutyrate, fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol, urea, calcium, and phosphorus) were statistically different between precalving and postcalving groups. The hematological analytes were not significantly different except for eosinophils. The data from precalving and postcalving cows were significantly different from reference limits in a university-associated laboratory derived from early- and mid-lactation cows. Different reference limits for precalving and postcalving dairy cows should be determined for biochemical analytes to ensure appropriate interpretation of results.  相似文献   

Developing a platform for genomic medicine in Mexico     

Jimenez-Sanchez G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5617):295-296

Mexico is preparing to develop a genomic medicine program focused on national health problems. Modern Mexicans result from an admixture of more than 65 native Indian groups with Spaniards, leading to a unique genetic makeup and a characteristic set of disease susceptibilities. Since 1999, more than 100 experts from different fields have joined efforts with government, academia, and industry to identify priorities and goals for genomic medicine in Mexico. The plan includes establishment of an Institute of Genomic Medicine with strong intramural and extramural programs. This project is expected to ease the social and financial burden of health problems in Mexico.  相似文献   

Training versus Overtraining: Evaluation of Two Protocols     

B. Padalino  G. Rubino  P. Centoducati  F. Petazzi 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2007,27(1):28-31

Forty Standardbred trotters were divided into two groups, A and B, and subjected to two training methods with a much more intense protocol in the second group. Compared with group A, group B showed an increase in red blood cells, leukocytes, and red cell distribution width (RDW); a decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH); and elevations of aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total bilirubin (BUN), and α₁- and α₂-globulins. The authors believe that the concomitance of such findings may suggest a condition of overtraining.  相似文献   

Output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in the feces of captive gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr, Gazella cuvieri and Gazella dorcas neglecta) in a semiarid region of southeastern Spain.     

Juana Ortiz  Rocío Ruiz de Ybá?ez  Teresa Abaigar  Marina Goyena  Magdalena Garijo  Gerardo Espeso  Mar Cano 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(3):249-254

Feces from 62 captive African gazelles, including Mhorr gazelles (Gazella dama mhorr), Cuvier's gazelles (Gazella cuvieri), and Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas neglecta), were examined over the course of a year to quantitate nematode egg excretion patterns. Strongyloides sp. eggs appeared only in G. dama during the rainy season. Trichostrongylidae egg excretion showed a marked seasonal variation, with very low levels during the dry and hot period, a finding that is probably attributable to hypobiosis of the predominant species (Camelostrongylus mentulatus). Eggs of the Nematodirus sp., predominantly Nematodirus spathiger, were excreted throughout the year. No seasonal pattern was observed in Trichuris sp. egg excretion.  相似文献   

Wheat and barley cultivars show plant traits acclimation and increase grain yield under simulated shade in Mediterranean conditions     

M. Guadalupe Arenas‐Corraliza  M. Lourdes Lpez‐Díaz  Víctor Rolo  Gerardo Moreno 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2021,207(1):100-119

Agroforestry systems are reported as climate‐resilient productive systems, but it is yet unclear how tree shade affects crops performance. The aim of this work was to assess how the phenology, plant traits and grain yield of wheat and barley were affected by shade. In an open greenhouse experiment, we cultivated in pots nine cultivars differing in precocity for each species and imposed three artificial shading levels (S0 ~ 0%, S1 ~ 25%, S2 ~ 50%) at the start of cereal booting. Our results showed that shade speeded up first growth stages in both species, until the starting of milk development. Barley showed consistent phenological responses to the three irradiance levels among cultivars, but not wheat that showed larger phenological differences among cultivars at moderate shade. Deep shade prolonged the time needed for wheat grain ripening. Both species increased grain yield by 15%–20% with shade, driven by shade‐acclimations of plant traits that differed among species. For wheat, grain yield was determined by the assemblage of traits that contribute to yield, such as grain weight, precocity and non‐photochemical quenching, while, for barley, SPAD value, precocity to reach phenological stages, grains per spike and plant height had the strongest influence. These traits varied widely among cultivars and seem of interest to identify best suited cultivars for shading conditions of Mediterranean agroforestry systems.  相似文献