Characterization of carrot root oil arising from supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction     

Ranalli A  Contento S  Lucera L  Pavone G  Di Giacomo G  Aloisio L  Di Gregorio C  Mucci A  Kourtikakis I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4795-4801

Carrot root oil (SCO), obtained by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, was characterized and compared to a commercial carrot oil (MCO) and a virgin olive oil (VOO) (cv. Coratina). SCO showed much higher contents of carotenes, phenolics, waxes, phytosterols, and sesquiterpene and monoterpene volatiles. In SCO, the most prominent components present in the fully investigated analytical fractions (fatty acids, triglycerides, waxes, phytosterols, long-chain aliphatic alcohols, superior triterpene alcohols, and volatiles) were, respectively, linolenic acid, trilinolein, waxes C38, beta-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, 1-hexacosanol, 24-methylencycloartanol and cycloartenol, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-humulene, alpha-pinene, and sabinene. In VOO, the major constituents of the above analytical classes were, respectively, oleic acid, trilinolein, waxes C36, unsaturated volatile C6 aldehydes (trans-2-hexenal most markedly), and the same prominent sterols and superior alcohols found in SCO. In MCO, which also contained a proportion of unknown plant oil, several components showed magnitudes that were lower compared to SCO but higher with respect to VOO. The last had the aliphatic and triterpene alcohol concentration higher compared to that of both SCO and MCO. Several chemometric methods, applied to different analytical data sets, proved to be effective in grouping the three oil kinds.  相似文献   

Adsorption of pure and dirty bacterial DNA on clay minerals and their transformation frequency     

Giacomo Pietramellara  Judith Ascher  Maria Teresa Ceccherini  Paolo Nannipieri  Dirk Wenderoth 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(6):731-739

Several studies have investigated the adsorption of pure DNA on soil particles and its transformation ability. However, the presence of not purified (dirty) rather than pure DNA is more common in the extracellular soil environment. For this reason, we have investigated the adsorption and binding of dirty DNA on montmorillonite (M) and kaolinite (K) and their transforming ability in comparison to pure DNA. After lysis of Bacillus subtilis cells, induced by KCl, dirty DNA was characterized by the presence of cellular wall debris (cwd) and other constitutional organic components (coc). The dirty DNA was then divided into two fractions, one with cellular wall debris (DNA +cwd) and the other without cellular wall debris (DNA −cwd). B. subtilis BD 1512 (Cm^r) and BD 170 (Cm^s) were selected as donor and recipient bacteria, respectively, for adsorption and transformation studies. Both cwd and coc seem to facilitate the adsorption of DNA to clay minerals, whereas only cwd promote the DNA binding on clays, protecting also the DNA fragments below 400 bp against nucleases. Both dirty DNA fractions adsorbed and bound on clay minerals were able to transform competent cells.  相似文献   

Effect of the disposal of sludge from olive processing on some soil characteristics: Laboratory experiments     

Riccardo Riffaldi  Renato Levi-Minzi  Alessandro Saviozzi  Giacomo Vanni  Alessandra Scagnozzi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,69(3-4):257-264

A laboratory experiment was performed during a 40-day incubation period in order to evaluate changes in organic and inorganic compounds of soil amended with two doses of sludge obtained from olive-oil processing waste waters. Differences between the amounts of organic components of the amended soil and those of the control, although related to doses and sampling time, disappeared at the end of the experimental period. On the contrary, the inorganic anion contents were still different for the various treatments, which suggest, especially for NO₃ ^? and SO₄ ^2?, a transient inhibition in the soil-sludge system. A germination test, carried out on the soil amended with different doses of sludge, indicates that after about twenty days even the soil containing the highest dose of sludge did not show toxicity any longer.  相似文献   

Distribution of microbial communities in a forest soil profile investigated by microbial biomass, soil respiration and DGGE of total and extracellular DNA     

Alberto Agnelli  Judith Ascher  Maria Teresa Ceccherini  Giacomo Pietramellara 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(5):859-868

We studied the distribution of the indigenous bacterial and fungal communities in a forest soil profile. The composition of bacterial and fungal communities was assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of total and extracellular DNA extracted from all the soil horizons. Microbial biomass C and basal respiration were also measured to assess changes in both microbial biomass and activity throughout the soil profile. The 16S rDNA-DGGE revealed composite banding patterns reflecting the high bacterial diversity as expected for a forest soil, whereas 18S rDNA-DGGE analysis showed a certain stability and a lower diversity in the fungal communities. The banding patterns of the different horizons reflected changes in the microbial community structure with increasing depth. In particular, the DGGE analysis evidenced complex banding patterns for the upper A1 and A2 horizons, and a less diverse microflora in the deeper horizons. The low diversity and the presence of specific microbial communities in the B horizons, and in particular in the deeper ones, can be attributed to the selective environment represented by this portion of the soil profile. The eubacterial profiles obtained from the extracellular DNA revealed the presence of some bands not present in the total DNA patterns. This could be interpreted as the remainders of bacteria not any more present in the soil because of changes of edaphic conditions and consequent shifting in the microbial composition. These characteristic bands, present in all the horizons with the exception of the A1, should support the concept that the extracellular DNA is able to persist within the soil. Furthermore, the comparison between the total and extracellular 16S rDNA-DGGE profiles suggested a downwards movement of the extracellular DNA.  相似文献   

Effect of the topical Klox fluorescence biomodulation system on the healing of canine surgical wounds     

Alberto Salvaggio DVM  PhD  Gian Enrico Magi DVM  PhD  DECAAH  Giacomo Rossi DVM  PhD  DECZM  Adolfo Maria Tambella DVM  MSc  Cecilia Vullo DVM  PhD  Andrea Marchegiani DVM  PhD  Riccardo Botto DVM  Angela Palumbo Piccionello DVM  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(4):719-727

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Maize lines with different nitrogen use efficiency select bacterial communities with different β-glucosidase-encoding genes and glucosidase activity in the rhizosphere     

Shamina I. Pathan  Maria Teresa Ceccherini  Martin Asser Hansen  Laura Giagnoni  Judith Ascher  Mariarita Arenella  Søren J. Sørensen  Giacomo Pietramellara  Paolo Nannipieri  Giancarlo Renella 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(8):995-1004

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Maximizing re-introduction success: Assessing the immediate cost of release in a threatened waterfowl     

Giacomo Tavecchia  Covadonga Viedma  Alejandro Martínez-Abraín 《Biological conservation》2009,142(12):3005-3012

Translocations have become one of the most commonly used tools for biodiversity restoration worldwide, however one out of three re-introduction plans fails to create a viable population or to successfully reinforce the existing one. We used results from the analysis of individual-based information on the re-introduction of a threatened waterfowl species, the crested coots Fulica cristata, to provide guidelines to maximise re-introduction success. We found that about a third of the post-release mortality took place within the first month after release. This immediate ‘cost of release’ in terms of local survival or ‘release risk factor’ seems to be a common feature of re-introduction projects, and it is likely due to the inexperience of captive-born individuals to face the new environment. This hypothesis was supported by the positive association between survival and time spent in the wild Results suggested that coots released between February and May have a slightly higher survival. A joint measure of survival and breeding probabilities indicated that birds released in late winter (February-March) had a higher chance to survive and reproduce compared to birds released later in the year. From an applied perspective our results can be used within an adaptive management framework to determine the optimum period of release, providing substantial support for future decision-making in the management of waterfowl, and other long-term projects of re-introduction of threatened vertebrate species.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INCISOR PSEUDO‐ODONTOMAS IN PRAIRIE DOGS (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS)          下载免费PDF全文

Igor Pelizzone  Francesco Di Ianni  Antonella Volta  Giacomo Gnudi  Sabrina Manfredi  Mara Bertocchi  Enrico Parmigiani 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(3):273-283

Maxillary incisor pseudo‐odontomas are common in pet prairie dogs and can cause progressive respiratory obstruction, while mandibular pseudo‐odontomas are rarely clinically significant. The aim of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to describe CT features of maxillary and mandibular incisor pseudo‐odontomas vs. normal incisors in a group of pet prairie dogs. All pet prairie dogs with head CT scans acquired during the period of 2013–2015 were included. A veterinary radiologist who was aware of final diagnosis reviewed CT scans and recorded qualitative features of affected and normal incisors. Mean density values for the pulp cavity and palatal and buccal dentin were also recorded. A total of 16 prairie dogs were sampled (12 normal maxillary incisors, 20 confirmed maxillary incisor pseudo‐odontomas, 20 normal mandibular incisors, 12 presumed mandibular incisor pseudo‐odontomas). Maxillary incisors with confirmed pseudo‐odontomas had a significantly hyperattenuating pulp and dentin in the reserve crown and apical zone, when compared to normal maxillary incisors. Pseudo‐odontomas appeared as enlargements of the apical zone with a globular/multilobular hyperattenuating mass formation haphazardly arranged, encroaching on midline and growing caudally and ventrally. Presumed mandibular incisor pseudo‐odontomas had similar CT characteristics. In 60% of prairie dogs with maxillary incisor pseudo‐odontomas, the hard palate was deformed and the mass bulged into the oral cavity causing loss of the palatine bone. The common nasal meatus was partially or totally obliterated in 81.8% of prairie dogs with maxillary pseudo‐odontomas. Findings supported the use of CT for characterizing extent of involvement and surgical planning in prairie dogs with pseudo‐odontomas.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Sclerosis of the caudal vertebral body end plate of L7 and the cranial end plate of S1 and narrowing of the L7-S1 intervertebral disk space     

De Risio L  Gnudi G  Bertoni G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,222(10):1359-1360

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ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF GRASS AWN MIGRATION IN THE DOG     

Giacomo Gnudi  Antonella Volta  Mattia Bonazzi  Margherita Gazzola  Giorgio Bertoni 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2005,46(5):423-426

The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of grass awns in soft tissue. A 10 MHz linear transducer was used. Ultrasound images from 25 dogs (27 awns) were collected and compared with the results from water bath studies using wild oat seeds (Avena spp.) collected in the field. Wild oat seeds were the most common grass awn found in soft tissue of dogs. Ultrasonographically grass awns appeared as a double/triple spindle-shaped echogenic interface within soft tissue. The same appearance was observed in water bath studies. In four dogs, the grass awn was removed surgically with a clamp introduced into a fistulous tract, using sonographic guidance. The grass awn was not found surgically in only three dogs, suggesting more attention during surgery. Ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic imaging technique to identify grass awns within soft tissue.  相似文献