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21.
Roland CE Francis Claudia Höhne Adrian Klein Udo X Kaisers Philipp A Pickerodt Willehad Boemke 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(3):258-268
ObjectiveTo test the compensatory role of endothelin-1 when acute blood loss is superimposed on anaesthesia, by characterizing the effect of systemic endothelin receptor subtype A (ETA) blockade on the haemodynamic and hormonal responses to haemorrhage in dogs anaesthetized with xenon/remifentanil (X/R) or isoflurane/remifentanil (I/R).Study designProspective experimental randomized controlled study.AnimalsSix female Beagle dogs, 13.4 ± 1.3 kg.MethodsAnimals were anaesthetized with remifentanil 0.5 μg kg?1 minute?1 plus either 0.8% isoflurane (I/R) or 63% xenon (X/R), with and without (Control) the systemic intravenous endothelin receptor subtype A antagonist atrasentan (four groups, n = 6 each). After 60 minutes of baseline anaesthesia, the dogs were bled (20 mL kg?1) over 5 minutes and hypovolemia was maintained for 1 hour. Continuous haemodynamic monitoring was performed via femoral and pulmonary artery catheters; vasoactive hormones were measured before and after haemorrhage.ResultsIn Controls, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), vasopressin and catecholamine plasma concentrations were higher with X/R than with I/R anaesthesia at pre-haemorrhage baseline. The peak increase after haemorrhage was higher during X/R than during I/R anaesthesia (SVR 7420 ± 867 versus 5423 ± 547 dyne seconds cm?5; vasopressin 104 ± 23 versus 44 ± 6 pg mL?1; epinephrine 2956 ± 310 versus 177 ± 99 pg mL?1; norepinephrine 862 ± 117 versus 195 ± 33 pg mL?1, p < 0.05). Haemorrhage reduced central venous pressure from 3 ± 1 to 1 ± 1 cmH2O (I/R, ns) and from 8 ± 1 to 5 ± 1 cmH2O (X/R, p < 0.05), but did not reduce mean arterial pressure, nor cardiac output. Atrasentan did not alter the haemodynamic and hormonal response to haemorrhage during either anaesthetic protocol.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSelective ETA receptor blockade with atrasentan did not impair the haemodynamic and hormonal compensation of acute haemorrhage during X/R or I/R anaesthesia in dogs. 相似文献
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The prevalence of capped hock in 5601 post-weaning pigs from 93 pig farms in England was 17.2%. The prevalence increased with age. Once adjusted for age, the lowest prevalence of capped hock was observed in pigs kept on soil floors (usually covered with deep straw bedding). There was no significant increase in the risk of capped hock in pigs kept on solid concrete floors with deep straw bedding. However, pigs kept on solid concrete with some, or the entire pen, sparsely bedded and pigs kept on partially or fully slatted floors had an approximately threefold increased risk of capped hock. This did not vary significantly between these four floor types. This was in contrast to the associated risks for bursitis in the same pigs, where as the floor went from highly resilient (straw and solid floors) to hard and perforated (fully slatted) the risk of bursitis increased in a similar way to a dose response. No other variables that were measured were associated with a change in risk for capped hock, while observation of pigs slipping or slip marks and wet, dirty and worn pens were also associated risks for bursitis. These results indicate that capped hock and bursitis are both affected by exposure to floors, but in different ways. The prevalence of capped hock was associated only with floor hardness, with deep straw protecting the pigs, while bursitis was associated with both changes in bedding depth (hardness), floor material (soil versus concrete) and floor construction (solid versus slatted floors) and in factors associated with locomotion (slipping and slip marks). These results indicate that the aetiology of capped hock and bursitis might differ. 相似文献
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Despite evidences that seminal leucocytes could affect semen quality, references for the frequency and concentration of these cells in bulls are not available. The aim of this study was to determine the normal concentration of leucocytes in beef bulls and to correlate this characteristic with semen quality. First, 57 bulls from artificial insemination centres were evaluated to obtain the normal leucocytary profile values. Next, 382 bulls were subjected to breeding soundness evaluation. The average concentration of leucocytes in bovine semen was 4.73 × 106/ml. Unsatisfactory bulls showed a higher number of leucocytes/field than that in the satisfactory ones. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the unsatisfactory bulls showed 6.5‐fold more chances of having higher leucocyte counts than satisfactory ones. Values of up to 1 leucocyte/field in the bull ejaculate are considered physiologically normal, whereas >5 leucocytes/field is associated with poor semen quality. 相似文献
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Soil acidification and related land degradation are becoming more important worldwide and are challenging the concept of sustainability of current land management systems. We have studied the impact on soil properties of two management systems, one in a tropical savanna, the other in a humid subtropical environment, particularly in relation to their cation chemistry. In Northeast Thailand the properties of an Acrisol cleared of dipterocarp forest some 37 years previously and used for continuous crop production are compared with adjacent undisturbed forest. In southern Queensland, Australia, the properties of a Luvisol used for intensive pasture production for 36 years are compared with those prior to introduction of the management system. Under both regimes, the soil pH fell by about 1 unit, with an increase in aluminium saturation of the cation exchange complex. Organic carbon in the Acrisol greatly decreased, but in the Luvisol it increased significantly. Consequently, the effects on surface charge characteristics were strikingly different, in that the Acrisol had been almost irreversibly degraded, whereas acidification and base diminution in the Luvisol can be easily reversed through conventional management. The amount of degradation caused by each management system has been quantified in terms of a Saturation Index, Su: S u = 100 × (Cu5.5 ? Σ)/Cu5.5, where Cu5.5 refers to the cation exchange capacity on the undisturbed (forested) site and Σ is the sum of the base cations at field pH. This index encompasses an assessment of the degree of degradation taking into account the previous land use, in this case forest, and that due to anthropogenic disturbance. For the Queensland Luvisol Su does not change, because the pasture management has not appreciably altered the CEC at pH 5.5. However, for the Thailand site Su increased from 0 to 86%. Consequently in its present state, the surface horizon of this cultivated soil can retain only about 15% of the basic cations it could ideally hold under undisturbed conditions. 相似文献
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CS Wood SC Bennett D Cho BP Masterson JL Roberts CE Tanner CE Wieman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1759-1763
The amplitude of the parity-nonconserving transition between the 6S and 7S states of cesium was precisely measured with the use of a spin-polarized atomic beam. This measurement gives Im(E1pnc)/beta = -1.5935(56) millivolts per centimeter and provides an improved test of the standard model at low energy, including a value for the S parameter of -1.3(3)exp (11)theory. The nuclear spin-dependent contribution was 0.077(11) millivolts per centimeter; this contribution is a manifestation of parity violation in atomic nuclei and is a measurement of the long-sought anapole moment. 相似文献
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CE Ugarte DG Thomas RB Gasser M Hu I Scott MG Collett 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):347-351
CASE HISTORY: A feral cat captured in the Manawatu region of New Zealand was treated for worms and fleas, and kept confined in a metabolic cage. It showed good appetite and weight gain but had intermittent watery, yellow diarrhoea. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical examination under sedation was unremarkable and routine blood tests showed no significant abnormalities. The cat was negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). Different canned cat foods did not alter the course of the diarrhoea, and the cat was euthanised 6 months after capture. At necropsy, two sections of adult Spirometra tapeworms were found in the jejunum and typical Spirometra eggs were found in colonic contents. Molecular identification of the parasite was undertaken, using the cytochrome- c oxidase subunit-1 gene (cox1) sequence. DIAGNOSIS: Chronic intermittent diarrhoea associated with Spirometra erinacei / S. erinaceieuropaei infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Spirometra has not been reported in New Zealand before but has been associated with gastrointestinal disease in cats in other parts of the world. It requires speciestargeted treatment to be eliminated effectively, and is zoonotic. Diagnosis could be diffi cult for clinicians who are not familiar with the parasite and its life cycle. 相似文献
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LR Soma F Guan CE Uboh Y Luo PJ Moate B Driessen 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2005,32(4):17-17
Oxyglobin (OXY) is a hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier (HBOC) made of glutaraldehyde‐polymerized bovine hemoglobin (bHb). Products similar to OXY are under development for use as temporary blood substitutes in trauma, shock and anemia. Since they all may increase blood O2‐carrying capacity and thus, possibly tissue oxygenation, they may also be used to enhance performance of both equine and human athletes. That is why HBOCs are banned from use in athletic competition. Our goal was to determine the pharmacokinetics of OXY after intravenous (IV) infusion to horses. Blood and urine samples were collected from adult horses that received an IV dose of 32.5 g of OXY. Concentrations of OXY in plasma and urine were quantified using a newly developed LC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS detection technique. Level of quantification (LOQ) was 50 μg mL–1. The decline of the plasma concentration‐time curve of the HBOC was described by a 2‐compartment model (C1 and C2). The median distribution alpha (t1/2k1,0) and elimination beta (t1/2k2,0) half‐lives were 1.3 and 12.0 hours, respectively. The bHb molecules in OXY are not of uniform size and vary substantially in molecular weight (MW). Of the OXY molecules 53% were eliminated in C1, which represented the smaller MW molecules and 47% in C2, which represented the larger MW bHb. The maximal 0‐time plasma concentration was 662.0 μg/mL and declined to 97.1 μg mL–1 at 24 h. The area below the plasma concentration‐time curve was 5143 μg h–1 mL–1. The volumes of C1 and C2 were 86.9 and 63.9 mL kg–1, respectively. Oxyglobin was not detected in urine. This study shows the detection and quantification in equine plasma of a HBOC following IV infusion and demonstrates the short half‐life of about 50% of infused bHb molecules. 相似文献
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Tazumi A Maeda Y Buckley T Millar B Goldsmith C Dooley J Elborn J Matsuda M Moore J 《Irish veterinary journal》2009,62(7):456-459
Clinical isolates (n = 63) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from various sites in 63 horses were compared using ERIC2 RAPD PCR to determine their genetic relatedness. Resulting banding patterns (n = 24 genotypes) showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity amongst all isolates examined, indicating a relative non-clonal relationship between isolates from these patients, employing this genotyping technique. This study characterised 63 clinical isolates into 24 distinct genotypes, with the largest cluster (genotype E) accounting for 10/63 (15.9%) of the isolates. ERIC2 RAPD PCR proved to be a highly discriminatory molecular typing tool of P. aeruginosa in isolates recovered from horses. With the adoption of several controls to aid reproducibility, this technique may be useful as an alternative to PFGE, particularly in epidemiological investigations of outbreaks where speed may be a significant parameter. This is the first report of clonal heterogeneity amongst P. aeruginosa from horses and demonstrated that ERIC RAPD PCR is a rapid method for the examination of this species in horses, which may be useful in outbreak analysis. 相似文献
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