Lectin from Phaseolus acutifolius var. escumite: chemical characterization, sugar specificity, and effect on human T-lymphocytes     

Castillo-Villanueva A  Caballero-Ortega H  Abdullaev-Jafarova F  Garfias Y  del Carmen Jiménez-Martínez M  Bouquelet S  Martínez G  Mendoza-Hernández G  Zenteno E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5781-5787

Purification of the lectin from Phaseolus acutifolius var. escumite was achieved by affinity chromatography on a column containing glutaraldehyzed membranes from blood group O erythrocytes. The lectin is a tetrameric glycoprotein of 121 kDa with 10% of sugar by weight composed by four subunits of 30 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. The lectin is composed of four isolectins as determined by ion-exchange chromatography on a mono-S column. The lectin and its isolectins showed identical NH2 terminal residues (ANDLSFNFQR FNETN) with homology to the PHA leucoagglutinin-precursor. Peptide mass fingerprint from each lectin isoform determined from tryptic peptides by MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight) showed differences among subunits, thus suggesting microheterogeneity in their amino acid sequences or different glycosylation patterns. The lectin and its four isolectins agglutinated erythrocytes without serological specificity and showed mitogenic activity on human leukocytes; moreover, the main effect was rather toward CD8+ than to CD4+ human peripheral lymphocytes. The lectin from escumite was not inhibitable by simple sugars; however, the specificity of the lectin and its isoforms was mainly addressed toward galactose residues present in bi- or triantennary N-acetyllactosamine-type glycans.  相似文献   

吸涨损伤对绿蒙古锦鸡儿种子生活力测定的影响     

郑智礼  周长东 《山西林业科技》1998,(4):40-42

德国巴伐利亚种子检验站在检验一批绿蒙古锦鸡儿（Ｃａｒａｇａｎａａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｓ）种子的生活力时，出现了较大的误差。笔者重新检验，采用不同的处理方法，找出了产生误差的原因。即：种子猛烈吸水后，吸水不均匀，产生局部坏死，这就是所谓的吸涨损伤。并由此找到了一种合理的检验方法，即低温缓慢湿润法，避免直接将种子浸泡在水中而产生吸涨损伤。  相似文献   

Zanthoxylum piperitum (DC), a potential feeding deterrent for mammals: studies with Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner)     

Epple G  Bryant BP  Mezine I  Lewis S 《Pest management science》2004,60(7):624-630

Total extract from the fruit of Szechuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum DC), the volatile components of the extract and a non‐volatile fraction containing alkylamides (NVA fraction) are feeding deterrents for rats. The present study investigated the effectiveness of these natural repellents in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster Wagner). Two‐choice feeding trials were conducted during which food‐deprived voles were offered choices between oat‐bran wafers. In Experiment 1, 10 voles were given three sets of feeding trials, each 2 h long. Baseline consumption was established during the first set of two trials by offering a choice between two oat‐bran wafers dipped in ethanol, the control solvent. During the second set of two trials the voles were given a choice between an oat‐bran wafer dipped in ethanol and a wafer dipped in Zanthoxylum extract. During the third set the voles were given a choice between a wafer served on top of a screened dish containing a sample of ethanol and a wafer served on top of a dish containing a sample of extract. In this manner the voles were exposed to volatile compounds emanating from the extract but could not contact it. Wafers dipped in extract were almost completely avoided. The volatile components of extract also significantly reduced food intake. In Experiment 2, habituation to the volatile constituents of extract was examined in 16 Zanthoxylum‐naïve voles. Baseline consumption was established by offering two wafers served on top of screened dishes containing ethanol. This was followed by twelve tests during which a choice between a wafer served above a sample of ethanol and a wafer served above a sample of extract was given. The voles failed to habituate to the volatile components of extract, consistently consuming less of the wafers served above extract. In Experiment 3 a dose‐response curve to Zanthoxylum extract was established, using 12 stimulus‐naïve voles. After baseline consumption was established, the animals were given two tests each, presenting a choice between a control wafer and a wafer dipped in a dilution of extract (0.001–100 g liter^?1). Only concentrations of 10 and 100 g liter^?1 reduced food intake. In Experiment 4 the effects of the non‐volatile fraction of extract were compared to those of whole extract. Vegetable oil was used as solvent. Eight stimulus‐naïve voles were given two tests with a choice between an oil‐dipped and an extract‐dipped wafer. A second group of eight voles received two tests with a choice between an oil‐dipped and NVA‐dipped wafer. Extract‐dipped wafers were avoided, but the NVA fraction had no effect on food consumption. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

BHV-1 eradication program in Bavaria: a marker-independent strategy     

Truyen U  Isa G  Gerbermann H  Bogner KH  Banzhaf K  Köstler M  Pauels FJ  Czerny CP  Wittkowski G 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(5-6):197-202

In Bavaria a BHV-1 eradication program was initiated in 1986 and was changed to a compulsory program in 1998. The eradication success increased progressively from < 50% in 1986 to 87% of the farms in 2002. BHV 1-free farms are controlled by bulk milk serology twice a year along with blood serology in animals that are negative but from herds where positive field virus infected animals are present. All serological tests are performed with an indirect ELISA test, all positive results are confirmed by a gB ELISA. Currently about 100.000 virus infected cattle are in Bavarian herds, approximately 80% of these animals are in heavily infected herds (> 10 infected animals). These herds comprise about 5% of all Bavarian herds. The eradication of the virus in these heavily infected herds is the most diifficult, whereas the prevention of new infections appears controllable. In this review current problems in BHV1 eradication are named and possible improvements are discussed.  相似文献   

Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Modified Oxylipins from the Shipworm Symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae     

Noel M. Lacerna  II  Cydee Marie V. Ramones  Jose Miguel D. Robes  Myra Ruth D. Picart  Jortan O. Tun  Bailey W. Miller  Margo G. Haygood  Eric W. Schmidt  Lilibeth A. Salvador-Reyes  Gisela P. Concepcion 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

The bioactivity-guided purification of the culture broth of the shipworm endosymbiont Teredinibacter turnerae strain 991H.S.0a.06 yielded a new fatty acid, turneroic acid (1), and two previously described oxylipins (2–3). Turneroic acid (1) is an 18-carbon fatty acid decorated by a hydroxy group and an epoxide ring. Compounds 1–3 inhibited bacterial biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis, while only 3 showed antimicrobial activity against planktonic S. epidermidis. Comparison of the bioactivity of 1–3 with structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the epoxide moiety for selective and potent biofilm inhibition.  相似文献   

Characterization of resistant starch type III from banana (Musa acuminata)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lehmann U  Jacobasch G  Schmiedl D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(18):5236-5240

Banana starch (Musa acuminata var. Nandigobe) was evaluated for its use in generating resistant starch (RS) type III. Structural, physicochemical, and biological properties of these products were analyzed. The investigated process includes debranching of the native starch and retrogradation under different storage temperatures and starch concentrations. After enzymatic debranching, a high amount of low-molecular-weight polymers with a degree of polymerization between 10 and 35 glucose units beside a higher molecular weight fraction were found. The resulting products comprised RS contents of about 50%. After heat-moisture treatment, the RS yield increased up to 84%. Peak temperatures of about 145 degrees C found in DSC measurements pointed to a high thermal stability of the RS products. In vitro fermentations of the RS products, carried out with intestinal microflora of healthy humans, resulted in a molar ratio of acetate:propionate:butyrate of about 49:17:34. The established method allowed the production of a high-quality RS with prebiotic properties for health preventing applications.  相似文献   

Passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin isotype antibodies against tetanus and influenza and their effect on the response of foals to vaccination.     

W D Wilson  J E Mihalyi  S Hussey  D P Lunn 《Equine veterinary journal》2001,33(7):644-650

Influenza and tetanus-specific antibodies of the IgG sub-isotypes are posively transferred to foals via colostrum and inhibit their response to inactivated influenza vaccines and tetanus toxoid. High titres of influenza antibodies of IgGa and IgGb subisotypes and tetanus antibodies of the IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotypes were detected in postsucking serum samples collected from foals born to mares that had received booster doses of multicomponent vaccines during the last 2 months of gestation. Thereafter, titres declined in an exponential manner but were still detectable in all foals at age 26 weeks, regardless of whether they had been vaccinated prior to age 26 weeks. Mean +/- s.e. half-life of decline of influenza IgGa antibodies (27.0 +/- 2.3 days) was significantly shorter than that of influenza IgGb antibodies (39.1 +/- 2.7 days; P<0.005). Tetanus IgGa and IgGb antibodies declined with half-lives of 28.8 +/- 3.0 and 34.8 +/- 5.1 days, respectively. Titres of tetanus IgG(T) antibodies were substantially higher than those of influenza IgG(T) antibodies in postsucking samples and remained so through age 26 weeks, declining with a half-life of approximately 35 days. Postsucking titres of tetanus and influenza antibodies of the IgA isotype were low and declined rapidly to undetectable levels. Yearlings showed significant increases in titre of influenza IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype antibodies but no increase in influenza IgA antibodies in response to 2 doses of multicomponent vaccines containing tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza A-1 and A-2 antigens. Yearlings also showed strong tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses to one dose of vaccine and a substantial further rise in titre in response to administration of a second dose 3 weeks later, but failed to show an increase in titre of tetanus IgA antibodies. The influenza and tetanus IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) subisotype responses of 6-month-old foals to vaccination followed the same pattern as those shown by yearlings but titres were generally lower. In contrast, 3-month-old foals failed to show increases in titre of either influenza or tetanus IgG subisotypes in response to 2 doses of vaccine and generally needed 1-3 additional booster doses of vaccine to achieve titres similar to those achieved by yearlings after 2 doses. Based on the finding that maternal antibodies exert a significant inhibitory effect on the response of foals to tetanus toxoid and inactivated influenza antigens, it is recommended that primary immunisation of foals born to vaccinated mares should not commence before age 6 months.  相似文献   

In vitro propagation of the onion Allium cepa by axillary and adventitious shoot proliferation     

G. Hussey 《Scientia Horticulturae》1978,9(3):227-236

Shoots and scale-base explants dissected from bulbs of the onion Allium cepa proliferated numerous shoots on nutrient medium containing 1–4 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.12–0.5 mg/l 1-naphthylacetic acid. Most shoots arose adventitiously from scale explants or leaf bases, but some precocious axillary branching also occurred. In vitro shoots eventually formed bulbils which proliferated further axillary and adventitious shoots when trimmed and split in half before subculture to fresh medium. Root formation was not entirely suppressed by cytokinin and plantlets could be transplanted successfully to compost.  相似文献   

Die ‘Stecklerberger Krankheit’, eine bisher nicht beobachtete Viruskrankheit der Sauerkirsche     

Gisela Baumann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1956,62(2):51-56

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Accuracy and reproducibility of the TonoVet® rebound tonometer in birds of prey     

Anne Reuter  Kerstin Müller  Gisela Arndt  Johanna Corinna Eule 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(Z1):80-85

Objective To examine the accuracy and reproducibility of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained by the TonoVet^® rebound tonometer. Animals studied Freshly enucleated healthy eyes of 44 free‐ranging birds of prey out of the species Haliaeetus albicilla, Accipiter gentilis, Accipiter nisus, Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Strix aluco, Asio otus and Tyto alba euthanized because of unrelated health problems. Procedures IOP readings from the TonoVet^® were compared with a manometric device, with IOP being set from 5 to 100 mmHg in steps of 5 mmHg by adjusting the height of a NaCl solution reservoir connected to the eye. Reproducibility of the TonoVet^® readings was determined by repeated measurements. Results TonoVet^® and manometer values showed a strong linear correlation. In the Accipitridae, the TonoVet^® tended to increasingly overestimate IOP with increasing pressure, while in the other families, it increasingly underestimated it. In the Sparrowhawk, the values almost represent the ideal line. Reproducibility of TonoVet^® values decreases with increasing pressure in the clinically important range from 5 to 60 mmHg. Conclusion IOP values measured with the TonoVet^® demonstrated species specific deviation from the manometric measurements. These differences should be considered when interpreting IOP values. Using the regression formulae presented, corrected IOP values could be calculated in a clinical setting.  相似文献