Eco-physiological and Antioxidant Responses of Holm Oak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Quercus ilex</Emphasis> L.) Leaves to Cd and Pb     

Carmen Arena  Lucia Santorufo  Pia Rosa Cataletto  Valeria Memoli  Rosaria Scudiero  Giulia Maisto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(12):459

Plants of the urban environment are exposed to a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals. This research studies in situ the eco-physiological and antioxidant responses of holm oak (Q. ilex) leaves to Pb and Cd to assess the mechanisms of metal tolerance in this species, widely used as biomonitor. Leaves of plants grown at parks and roadsides were analyzed for photosynthetic activity, Pb and Cd concentration in tissues and cell-free extracts, thiol groups, D1 and Rubisco protein content, ascorbic acid (AsA) amount, and catalase (CAT) activity. The main results evidenced that Cd concentration was higher in leaves collected at the park out from the downtown; whereas Pb was most abundant in leaves sampled at the roadside nearby the highway. Pb in cell-free extracts was higher in park than in roadside leaves. Although Cd in the leaf tissues was twofold lower than Pb, it was more abundant than Pb in cellular extracts deprived of all particulate matter. Leaves responded to different concentration of Cd and Pb modulating some eco-physiological and biochemical traits, roadside leaves showed reduced leaf lamina, higher content of photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, and AsA, as well as higher CAT activity compared to park leaves. In the roadside leaves, a stress condition for photosynthetic apparatus can be hypothesized on the basis of the decline of photochemical activity, the increase of NPQ, and the reduction of Rubisco and D1 protein content. The elevated presence of thiol groups in these leaves suggests a possible role of Pb and Cd in activation of antioxidant responses.  相似文献   

Field strains of Stemphylium vesicarium with a resistance to dicarboximide fungicides correlated with changes in a two-component histidine kinase     

Giulia Alberoni  Marina Collina  Catherine Lanen  Pierre Leroux  Agostino Brunelli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):171-184

In Stemphylium vesicarium, four phenotypes were recognized according to their in vitro responses to dicarboximide fungicides: S (sensitive), S₊ (low resistant to iprodione and procymidone but moderately resistant to vinclozolin), R₁ (moderately resistant to iprodione and vinclozolin but highly resistant to procymidone), R₂ (highly resistant to all dicarboximides). Cross-resistance was observed between dicarboximides and aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides in all cases while cross-resistance to phenylpyrroles was only detected in R₂ phenotype. Moreover, no changes were noted in sensitivity to oxidative and osmotic stress inducers. An osmosensing histidine kinase gene, homologous to OS1 from Neurospora crassa, was sequenced from several field isolates of Stemphylium vesicarium. This gene is predicted to encode a 1,329 amino acid protein, comprising a conserved histidine-kinase domain in the C-terminal region and six tandem repeats of about 90 amino acids at the N-terminal end. In S₊ and R₁ phenotype isolates, a single amino acid substitution was observed in the first amino acid repeat; F267L and L290S respectively. For the R₂ isolates, the exchanges T765R or Q777R were located within the histidine-kinase domain.  相似文献   

Effects of after-ripening,stratification and GA₃ on dormancy release and on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) seeds     

Giulia Conversa  Corrado Lazzizera  Antonio Elia 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Seeds of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) were treated and compared in this research to investigate seed dormancy class and level involved in this species. Four seed lots were compared: (i) freshly harvested seeds in 2007 (07Fr); (ii) freshly harvested seeds in 2008 (08Fr); (iii) after-ripened (AR) 2007 seeds dry stored in glass jars (ARg); (iv) AR 2007 seeds dry stored in paper bags (ARp). The 07Fr seeds were exposed to (1) chemical scarification combined with gibberellic acid (GA₃) levels (0, 200, 400, and 600 mg L⁻¹) and to (2) 28-day moist stratification at 5 and 23 °C, and two sequences of 5/23 °C combined with 0 and 400 GA₃ mg L⁻¹ levels, and (3) together to the 08Fr and AR seeds were exposed to 56-day moist stratification at 5, 23, or 5/23 °C. With the 08Fr and AR seed lots this last stratification treatment was combined with 0 or 800 GA₃ mg L⁻¹ levels. The dormancy depth of 08Fr (32% germination) was less than 07Fr seeds (2%). The latter after-ripened during dry storage and when stored in glass germinated more (47.5%) than in paper (12%). Stratification for 4 weeks was ineffective in improving germination of 07Fr seeds; when chemically scarified they did not germinate at all. The highest (nearly 70%) and the most rapid and uniform germination were observed for all the lots when they were warm stratified for 56 days. Warm stratification improved germination more than alternate temperature stratification, while cold stratification inhibited germination especially for the 08Fr and ARg lots, thus seeds seem not to have a morphological component to their dormancy. GA₃ only improved germination of 07Fr seeds, at a low rate. A. acutifolius seeds fit the characteristics of a non-deep physiological dormancy.  相似文献   

The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene is not affected by low-oxygen conditions in yellow perch (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Perca flavescens</Emphasis>) juveniles     

Karolina Kwasek  Simona Rimoldi  Anna Giulia Cattaneo  Timothy Parker  Konrad Dabrowski  Genciana Terova 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(3):849-862

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Effect of seed age,stratification, and soaking on germination of wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.)     

Giulia Conversa  Antonio Elia 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009

Wild asparagus (Asparagus acutifolius L.) is a widespread species found in all the Mediterranean areas. The spears are highly valued by consumers and owing to its frugality, this species is a feasible new crop with high income potential, especially for Mediterranean marginal areas. Currently, the cultivation of this species is limited because of its low and erratic seed germination that makes difficult the production of seedlings for plant propagation. In this research, non-after-ripened (1 month-old) and after-ripened seeds (dry stored at room temperature for 13 months) were exposed for 30 days in the dark to three moist stratification treatments: cold (5 °C), warm (23 °C) or no stratification; subsequently they were soaked for 12 h in warm water (35 °C) or not soaked. The effect of these pre-germination treatments on three germination parameters (germination percentage, time to 50% of final germination – T₅₀ – and germination pattern) was studied, as well as some possible seed dormancy forms involved therein. The 1-year dry storage period proved to be effective in after-ripened seeds by enhancing seed sensitivity to the subsequent pre-germination treatments. After-ripened seeds exhibited higher and more rapid germination compared to non-after-ripened seeds. Soaking, cold or warm moist stratification had similar single effect on non-after-ripened seeds (27% germination). With after-ripened seeds, only soaking or warm stratification were effective (47% germination) when singularly applied, while cold stratification did not improve germination. By combining stratification and soaking treatments, a higher germination for both non-after-ripened and after-ripened seed-lots was achieved. The highest germination was obtained when after-ripened seeds were stratified and soaked (76%), without any significant difference between cold or warm stratification. Single or combined application of moist stratification (regardless of the temperature used) and soaking resulted always in a faster germination compared to that of no-treated seeds and especially with after-ripened seeds (T₅₀ = 6 days). A non-deep type 1 physiological dormancy can be hypothesized for the seeds of this species. Low stratification temperature induce secondary dormancy in after-ripened seeds that can be removed by soaking them at 35 °C for 12 h.  相似文献   

Vessel noise pollution as a human threat to fish: assessment of the stress response in gilthead sea bream (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sparus aurata</Emphasis>, Linnaeus 1758)     

Monica Celi  Francesco Filiciotto  Giulia Maricchiolo  Lucrezia Genovese  Enza Maria Quinci  Vincenzo Maccarrone  Salvatore Mazzola  Mirella Vazzana  Giuseppa Buscaino 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(2):631-641

This study examined the effects of boat noise pollution on the stress indices of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, Linnaeus 1758). To assess the stress response in these fish, biometric values and plasma parameters such as ACTH, cortisol, glucose, lactate, haematocrit, Hsp70, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and osmolarity were analysed. After acclimatization of the animals, the experiment was carried out in a tank fitted with underwater speakers where the fish were exposed to sound treatments (in duplicate) consisting of: 10 days of no sound (control treatment; the animals were only exposed to the experimental tank’s background noise) and 10 days of noise derived from original recordings of motor boats, including recreational boats, hydrofoil, fishing boat and ferry boat (vessel noise treatment). The exposure to noise produced significant variations in almost all the plasma parameters assessed, but no differences were observed in weights and fork lengths. A PERMANOVA analysis highlighted significantly increased values (p < 0.05) of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, lactate, haematocrit, Hsp70, cholesterol, triglycerides and osmolarity in the fish exposed to vessel noise for 10 days. This study clearly highlights that anthropogenic noise negatively affects fish, and they are valuable targets for detailed investigations into the effects of this global pollutant. Finally, these experimental studies could represent part of the science that is able to improve the quality of the policies related to management plans for maritime spaces (Marine Strategy Framework Directive 56/2008 CE) that are aimed at stemming this pollutant phenomenon.  相似文献   

A three-year longitudinal study on the effects of a diet containing genetically modified Bt176 maize on the health status and performance of sheep     

Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci  Giorgio Brandi  Cristina Rondini  Luca Avellini  Camilla Giammarini  Silva Costarelli  Gabriele Acuti  Chiara Orlandi  Giovanni Filippini  Elisabetta Chiaradia  Manuela Malatesta  Silvia Crotti  Chiara Antonini  Giulia Amagliani  Elisabetta Manuali  Anna Rita Mastrogiacomo  Livia Moscati  Mohamed Naceur Haouet  Alberto Gaiti  Mauro Magnani   《Livestock Science》2008,113(2-3):178-190

This study shows that a diet including insect-resistant Bt176 maize, fed to 53 ewes and their progeny for 3 years, did not have adverse effects on their health or performance and that no horizontal gene transfer to ruminal microorganisms or animal tissues was detected. No differences were observed regarding performance, reproductive traits, haematological parameters, antioxidant defences, lymphocyte proliferative capacity, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of macrophages, and ruminal microbial population characteristics between control and genetically modified (GM) maize-fed animals. Immune response to Salmonella abortus ovis vaccination was more efficient in GM maize fed sheep. No modifications of histological features of tissues were found; however, cytochemical analyses of ruminal epithelium by Ki67 staining provided evidence of proliferative activation of basal cells in all GM maize-fed ewes. Preliminary electron microscopy analyses of the liver and pancreas revealed smaller cell nuclei containing increased amounts of heterochromatin and perichromatin granules in GM maize-fed lambs. Meat protein content and water loss by cooking were slightly affected by the dietary treatment. No transgenic DNA was detected in tissues, blood, and ruminal fluid or ruminal bacteria. Longitudinal studies should be included in evaluation of food safety whenever possible and sheep may be a useful animal model for toxicological assessment.  相似文献   

Empirical evaluation of the strength of interspecific competition in shaping small mammal communities in fragmented landscapes     

Giulia Sozio  Alessio Mortelliti 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(4):775-789

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Clinical approach to prostatic diseases in the dog     

Marco Cunto  Elisa Mariani  Eleonora Anicito Guido  Giulia Ballotta  Daniele Zambelli 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(6):815-822

In small animal practice, prostatic diseases are increasingly encountered. All dogs may experience prostatic disease, but particular care should be addressed to breeding dogs, in which prostatic affection may lead to decrease in semen quality and fertility. The most common prostatic disease is the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) followed by prostatitis, prostatic neoplasia and prostate squamous metaplasia. These diseases do not have pathognomonic symptoms, therefore, making a correct diagnosis may not be easy. An accurate clinical examination and a correct diagnostic protocol are essential in order to begin the most appropriate treatment, and also to do a good prophylaxis where it is possible. BPH therapy is usually recommended when mild‐severe signs are present or if symptoms disturb the patient. New therapeutic approaches, both medical and surgical, allow to maintain fertility in most animals with prostatic disorders. Prostate cancer is relatively infrequent. Elective therapy is the surgical one, but it is considered palliative and can result in important post‐operative complications. The aim of this paper is to lay down the most appropriate diagnostic process describing the aetiologies of prostatic disease, their symptoms, the right investigative tools and therapy.  相似文献   

Effect of diets supplemented with linseed alone or combined with vitamin E and selenium or with plant extracts,on Longissimus thoracis transcriptome in growing-finishing Italian Large White pigs     

Rubina Sirri  Marika Vitali  Paolo Zambonelli  Giulia Giannini  Martina Zappaterra  Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego  Dalal Sami  Roberta Davoli 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(1)

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