Prevalence,distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma‐associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole body computed tomographic study     

Andrea Carloni  Rossella Terragni  Antonio Maria Morselli‐Labate  Michaela Paninarova  John Graham  Paola Valenti  Monica Alberti  Giulia Albarello  Francesca Millanta  Massimo Vignoli 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):812-819

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii preserves the integrity of intestinal mucosa in gilthead seabream,Sparus aurata subjected to a bacterial challenge with Vibrio anguillarum          下载免费PDF全文

Giulia Maricchiolo  Letteria Caccamo  Monique Mancuso  Giovanni Marco Cusimano  Francesco Gai  Maria Genovese  Abdallah Ghonimy  Lucrezia Genovese 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(2):725-728

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Blazing Towards the Next Millennium: Luciferase Fusions to Identify Genes Responsive to Environmental Stress     

D. C. Alexander  M. A. Costanzo  J. Guzzo  J. Cai  N. Charoensri  C. Diorio  M. S. Dubow 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,123(1-4):81-94

Contamination of the environment by toxic compounds is a problem of global concern and in addressing this problem, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms by which specific agents exert their toxic effects, and develop effective, inexpensive strategies for detecting compounds in their biologically active and available form. We have used reporter gene fusion technology to identify genes, in the genetically well-characterized bacterium Escherichia coli, whose expression is affected by specific environmental toxins. As an added benefit of our approach, we have elaborated methods to use these gene fusion clones as biosensors to detect specific toxic agents, such as arsenic oxyanions. Arsenic is an abundant and useful element which is also an environmental toxin that can pose severe risks to health. Arsenic toxicity varies with oxidation state, organometallic form, and bioavailability. The Escherichia coli arsB fusion strains respond specifically to arsenic in its toxic, oxyanionic form, and can detect bioavailable amounts of these oxyanions in contaminated water samples. Combinations of different biosensor clones and assay automation will augment the use of luminescent biosensors for the detection of specific toxic agents in the environment.  相似文献   

Wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis> resistant to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne paranaensis</Emphasis> and genetic parameters for resistance     

Bárbhara Joana dos Reis Fatobene  Vinícius Teixeira Andrade  Giulia Stefania Aloise  Maria Bernadete Silvarolla  Wallace Gonçalves  Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):196

Arabica coffee production is based on highly productive cultivars; however, these cultivars are susceptible to infestation by several biotic agents, including root-knot nematodes. Collections of wild Coffea arabica germplasm represent an important source of genetic variability for resistant cultivar development. In this study, 1046 plants derived from 71 wild coffee trees were evaluated with respect to Meloidogyne paranaensis resistance. In addition to information on plants reactions, we also evaluated the genetic parameters related to resistance. Progenies from the five most promising plants were also evaluated regarding resistance to M. incognita and M. exigua. The yield potential of selected plants was estimated through analysis of data for fruits harvested in 4 different years. Forty-seven plants were considered resistant based on reproduction factor values. The estimated heritability was high for all analyzed variables leading to substantial selection gain, mainly at the progeny mean level. On the basis of heritabilities and genetic correlations, we conclude that selection could be performed based on values of the gall and egg mass index. However, higher genetic gain could be obtained based on nematode count variables. A second experiment confirmed the reactions of the selected five plants to M. paranaensis, and multiple resistance was detected in three of them. The resistant accessions also have yield potential.  相似文献   

Functional diversity of cover crop mixtures enhances biomass yield and weed suppression in a Mediterranean agroecosystem     

M Ranaldo  S Carlesi  A Costanzo  P Bàrberi 《Weed Research》2020,60(1):96-108

Functional diversity of cover crop mixtures is thought to improve biomass production and weed suppression, two key agroecosystem services in organic systems. To test this hypothesis, we selected eight cover crop species belonging to four functional groups: (i) vining growing large-seeded legumes (field pea, common vetch), (ii) erect growing small-seeded legumes (crimson clover, squarrosum clover), (iii) grasses (barley, oats) and (iv) Brassicaceae (radish, black mustard). Nine cover crop mixtures were designed to create a gradient of diversity in terms of number of species and number of functional groups. A control treatment and all monocrops were included in the trial. Regarding cover crop biomass, mixtures outyielded monocrops by an average of 37%. Both functional identity and composition (i.e. trait complementarity) influenced biomass production and weed suppression provided by cover crops. Regression analysis showed that increase in both species diversity and functional diversity in cover crop mixtures improved the provision of agroecosystem services. Results from this study show that complementarity of species functional traits in cover crop mixtures can be used as a strategy to ensure high biomass production and good weed suppression in changing agroecosystems.  相似文献   

Upper digestive tract abnormalities in dogs with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis     

Paola Gianella  Silvia Roncone  Ugo Ala  Enrico Bottero  Federica Cagnasso  Giulia Cagnotti  Claudio Bellino 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1845-1852

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Effects of tramadol and o‐desmethyltramadol on canine innate immune system function          下载免费PDF全文

Sandra M Axiak‐Bechtel  Kaoru Tsuruta  Juliana Amorim  Rebecca Donaldson  Giulia Lino  Allyson Honaker  Farrah Monibi  John Dodam  Amy DeClue 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(3):260-268

ObjectiveTramadol is a commonly used opioid analgesic in dogs, particularly in dogs with a compromised immune system. An opioid may be selected for its immunomodulatory effects. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tramadol on immune system function by evaluating the effect of tramadol and o-desmethyltramadol (M1) on the function of canine leukocytes in vitro. The hypothesis was that tramadol and M1 would not alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis, PMN oxidative burst, or stimulated leukocyte cytokine production capacity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.Study designIn vitro pharmacodynamic study.AnimalsSix healthy dogs.MethodsBlood from six dogs was obtained and incubated with various concentrations of tramadol and M1. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst were assessed using flow cytometry, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PG)-stimulated leukocyte production of TNF, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine specific multiplex assay.ResultsNo differences were detected in phagocytosis or oxidative burst with any drug concentration. Tramadol did not alter leukocyte cytokine production, however, M1 significantly blunted IL-10 production.ConclusionsTramadol and its metabolite M1 were sparing to PMN phagocytosis and oxidative burst in dogs in vitro. Tramadol did not alter leukocyte cytokine production, however, M1 blunted IL-10 production at clinically achievable concentrations suggesting that M1 may promote a proinflammatory shift.Clinical relevanceThese data suggest that tramadol has minimal effect on phagocytosis and oxidative burst, and may promote a proinflammatory shift. Therefore, tramadol may be an ideal opioid analgesic in dogs at high risk of infection. Further investigation in vivo is warranted.  相似文献   

Vineyards in Terraced Landscapes: New Opportunities from Lidar Data     

Paolo Tarolli  Giulia Sofia  Simone Calligaro  Massimo Prosdocimi  Federico Preti  Giancarlo Dalla Fontana 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2015,26(1):92-102

Vineyard landscapes are a relevant part of the European culture, and several authors concluded that they are the agricultural practice that causes the highest soil loss. Grape quality depends on the availability of water, and soil erosion is an important parameter dictating the vineyard sustainability; therefore, soil and water conservation measures are often implemented. Among them, the construction of terraces is the most widely used system. However, while favouring agricultural activities, terraces if not properly maintained can lead to local instabilities creating hazards for settlements and cultivations, and for the related economy. Terraced fields are also served by agricultural roads that can have deep effects on water flows triggering surface erosion. The goal of this research is to use lidar elevation data for a hydro‐geomorphological analysis of terraced vineyards. The work is divided in two parts. At first, the Relative Path Impact Index is tested in two vineyards to identify terrace‐induced and road‐induced erosions. Statistical thresholds of the Relative Path Impact Index are then defined to label the most critical areas. On the second step, using the index and the defined thresholds, we simulate different scenarios of soil conservation measures, establishing the optimal solution to reduce erosion. The results highlight the effectiveness of high‐resolution topography in the analysis of surface erosion in terraced vineyards, when the surface water flow is the main factor triggering the instabilities. The proposed analysis can help in scheduling a suitable planning to mitigate the consequences of the anthropogenic alterations induced by the terraces and agricultural roads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Changes in carotenoid and ascorbic acid contents in fruits of different tomato genotypes related to the depletion of UV-B radiation     

Giuntini D  Graziani G  Lercari B  Fogliano V  Soldatini GF  Ranieri A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3174-3181

The aim of the present study was to investigate if the depletion of UV-B radiation affected the most representative carotenoids as well as the ascorbic acid content in tomato fruits, harvested at both breaker and firm red stages. To do this, three tomato genotypes, DRW 5981, HP 1, and Esperanza, were grown inside a greenhouse either covered with polyethylene transparent to UV-B or depleted of UV-B by a special covering film. The antioxidant properties of the fruits were evaluated on the water-insoluble fractions according to the ABTS method. UV-B effect on antioxidant activity was negligible in DRW and HP 1 genotypes, whereas it was detrimental in Esperanza at both ripening stages. This genotype seems to have a negligible capability of accumulating carotenoids and a great susceptibility to detrimental effects of UV-B; conversely, the DRW genotype shows high carotenoid levels under sunlight conditions and a further promotion by UV-B. On the other hand, the HP 1 mutant displays an intermediate behavior and represents the only genotype favored by UV-B with respect to ascorbic acid accumulation.  相似文献   

In‐field detection and quantification of extracellular DNA     

Maria Teresia Ceccherini  Judith Ascher  Giulia Guerri  Giacomo Pietramellara 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(5):626-629

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