Use of an amplified ELISA technique for detection of a house dust mite allergen (Der f 1) in skin and coat dust samples from dogs     

Glass EV  Reid RA  Hillier A  Needham GR 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(2):162-165

OBJECTIVE: To use an amplified ELISA technique to document the presence and quantify the concentration of the house dust mite allergen, Der f 1, in skin and coat dust samples collected from dogs. ANIMALS: 29 pet dogs of various breeds. PROCEDURE: Dogs were weighed, and body surface area in square meters was determined. Skin and coat dust samples were obtained by vacuuming dogs. Collected dust was analyzed by use of standard and amplified ELISA techniques. RESULTS: By use of the standard ELISA technique, Der f 1 was detected in skin and coat dust samples from 6 of 29 (21%) dogs. Mean concentration of Der f 1 in the 6 samples with positive assay results was 16.16 ng/mL (range, 5.61 to 31.24 ng/mL). Samples with negative assay results were retested for dust mite allergen by use of an amplified ELISA technique; an additional 14 dogs had positive assay results. Mean concentration of allergen was 0.36 ng/mL (range, 0.19 to 2.20 ng/mL). Combining both techniques, 20 of 29 (69%) dogs had positive assay results for Der f 1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of our study indicate that house dust mite allergens are present on the skin and in the coat of dogs, and this source of allergen may act as a reservoir for allergen exposure in hypersensitive dogs. Use of an amplified ELISA technique to determine environmental concentrations of house dust mite allergens in homes and on dogs will help to identify the relationship between immunologic findings and environmental exposures in dogs with atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

Characterization of efferent lymph cells and their function following immunization of cattle with an allogenic Theileria annulata infected cell line     

Nichani AK  Campbell JD  Glass EJ  Graham SP  Craigmile SC  Brown CG  Spooner RL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2003,93(1-2):39-49

Immunization of cattle with in vitro propagated bovine mononuclear cells infected with Theileria annulata induces a protective immune response. Activation and effector function of T cells exiting the lymph node draining the site of cell line immunization were investigated to understand the mechanisms involved in the generation of immunity. Immunized animals exhibited a biphasic immune response in efferent lymph as well as peripheral blood. The first phase corresponded to allogenic responses against MHC antigens of the immunizing cell line and the second was associated with parasite specific responses. An increase in the output of CD2(+) cells and MHC class II(+) cells in efferent lymph was observed after cell line immunization with a corresponding decrease in WC1(+) cells. Although the percentage of CD4(+) T cells did not change significantly over the course of the experiment, they became activated. Both CD25 and MHC class II expressing CD4(+) T cells were detected from day 7 onwards, peaking around day 13. Efferent lymph leukocytes (ELL) exhibited sustained responses to IL-2 in vitro following cell line immunization. Antigen specific proliferation was also detected first to the immunizing cell line and then to parasite antigens. The two peaks of CD2(+) cells were observed, which corresponded to similar peaks of CD8(+) cells. The increase in CD8(+) cells was more pronounced during the second parasite specific phase than the first allogenic phase. Activated CD8(+) T cells mainly expressed MHC class II and some expressed CD25. Significantly the peak of activated CD4(+) T cells preceded the peak of activated CD8(+) T cells, highlighting the role of T. annulata specific CD4(+) T cells in inducing parasite specific CD8(+) cytotoxic responses. A biphasic cytotoxic response also appeared in efferent lymph and peripheral blood, the first directed against MHC antigens of the immunizing cell line followed by MHC class I restricted parasite specific cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic responses in efferent lymph appeared earlier than peripheral blood, suggesting that activated CD8(+) cells exiting the draining lymph node following immunization with T. annulata infected schizonts play an important role in the development of protective immune responses.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of a virus associated with arthritis of chickens   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

S E Glass  S A Naqi  C F Hall  K M Kerr 《Avian diseases》1973,17(2):415-424

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Asbestiform amphibole minerals: detection and measurement of high concentrations in municipal water supplies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

P M Cook  G E Glass  J H Tucker 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,185(4154):853-855

Ashestiform amphibole minerals, which have been demonstrated to be associated with human health problems, have been detected in substantial quantities in municipal water supplies taken from western Lake Superior Water. The total concentrationl of amphibole minerals in the Duluth, Minnesota, water supply, as measured by x-ray diffraction for daily samples of suspended solids averages 0.19 milligram per liter with large fluctuations due to seasonal and climatological effects on lake circulation. Electron microscopic examination of these water samples confirms the presence of asbestiform amphibole fibers. A conservatiue estimate of the fiber count for 1973 Duluth water supply samples is (1 to 30) x 10(6) amphibole fibers identifiable by electron diffraction per liter of water with a mass concentration of 1 to 30 micrograms per liter.  相似文献   

Intraspecific variation for nitrate uptake and nitrogen utilization in wheat (T. Aestivum L.) grown under nitrogen stress     

J.J. Woodend  A.D.M. Glass  C.O. Person 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1213-1225

Twenty four wheat lines representative of varieties developed over the last eighty years were evaluated for differences in short term nitrate uptake and nitrogen utilization at the vegetative stage under conditions of nitrogen limitation. Net nitrate fluxes in three‐week‐old plants were determined by the depletion method and nitrogen utilization was expressed as both the efficiency ratio and utilization efficiency, In addition the kinetic parameters V_max and K_m were obtained for eight of these varieties. Considerable differences were observed for all attributes examined although variation in efficiency ratio was characteristically small and substantially lower than that in utilization efficiency. The tall traditional varieties generally exhibited higher uptake rates and nitrogen utilization than most of the fertilizer responsive dwarf types. However they were no better than the triple dwarfs in nitrate uptake. Differences in affinity for nitrate as measured by the apparent K_m were also substantial, of particular interest being the low affinity exhibited by one of the triple dwarf varieties. The findings made in this study are discussed in relation to their bearing on performance under nutrient‐limiting conditions, the likely consequences of selection under different fertilizer regimes and the prospects for genetic improvement of fertilizer use efficiency.  相似文献   

The Mammals Of Eastern Ethiopia     

Bryan P. Glass 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):177-179

Seventeen confirmed and four probable sightings of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, were documented from platform-of-opportunity Research Vessel (R/V) Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in a passing-mode visual survey of continental shelf waters between Conakry and Cap Vert Peninsula (Dakar), 21 October -5 November 2011. None were encountered in the northern stratum Dakar-Agadir, 6 November -15 December 2011. Total visual survey effort was 468 h, 01 min, covering 5335 km. Depending on the exclusion or inclusion of probable records, the sum of group sizes totalled 33 or 43 individuals, respectively. Humpback whale encounter rates between Conakry and Dakar then amounted to 1.74 or 2.27 whales/ 100 km, respectively. Group sizes ranged from 1-6 individuals (mean = 1.94, S.D. = 1.20, n =17; median = 2). Minimally five of 17 groups (29.4%) consisted of adult-calf pairs, with a minimum crude birth rate ranging from 0.060-0.152. All sightings occurred in shallow water, 22-60 m (mean = 35.0 m, S.D. = 10.13, n = 17) but survey effort in deeper, off-shore water was negligible. Sea-surface temperature at sighting locations ranged from 25.5-29.0°C (mean = 27.34, S.D. = 0.96, n = 17). No humpback whales were sighted during a second survey covering Conakry-Tangier-Las Palmas, from 9 May to 22 July 2012 (519 h, 13 min; 6278 km). The Cape Verde Islands comprised, to date, the only known wintering ground located in the North-East Atlantic. This study showed that Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Guinea are normal range states for M. novaeangliae. A temporal signature, six to seven months out-of-phase with mid-season in the Cape Verde Islands, and neonate presence strongly suggest that the wide Conakry-Dakar continental shelf serves as both wintering and nursery grounds for a South Atlantic stock, in agreement with Bamy et al. (2010). This stock may comprise the northwesternmost component of the large humpback whale assemblage migrating in and out of the northern Gulf of Guinea in austral winter/spring. Further research is required to consolidate insights linking temporal and spatial distribution off western Africa with hemispheric stock identity and migration paths.  相似文献   

Stochastic generation of regular distributions     

Glass L 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(4090):1061-1063

A new class of models is proposed to describe the dynamic processes leading to the establishment of regular spatial patterns of structures in natural systems. Simple mathematical arguments are used to compute the saturating densities of the distributions, and these results are verified by computer simulation of model systems.  相似文献   

Public health. A major environmental cause of death     

Martin WJ  Glass RI  Balbus JM  Collins FS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6053):180-181

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Electron microprobe analysis of lunar samples     

Adler I  Walter LS  Lowman PD  Glass BP  French BM  Philpotts JA  Heinrich KJ  Goldstein JI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,167(3918):590-592

Plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene, and ilmenite in a polished thin section of a type A crystalline rock were analyzed. The clinopyroxene grains are compositionally variable, and both high Ca and low Ca phases are present. The plagioclase is compositionally homogeneous. The ilmenite is chemically homogeneous except for occasional, small areas of high local chromium concentration. Accessory minerals are: apatite (containing Cl, F, Y, and Ce), troilite, and metallic iron. Glassy spherules from the lunar soil are for the most part similar in composition to the crystalline rocks; however, some appear to have been monomineralic. The crystalline rock has apparently formed by relatively rapid cooling of a silicate melt under conditions of low oxygen partial pressure. Many components of the soil appear to have formed by meteoritic impact.  相似文献   

Differentiation stage-specific inhibition of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway by Akt   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rommel C  Clarke BA  Zimmermann S  Nuñez L  Rossman R  Reid K  Moelling K  Yancopoulos GD  Glass DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5445):1738-1741

Extracellular signals often result in simultaneous activation of both the Raf-MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt pathways (where ERK is extracellular-regulated kinase, MEK is mitogen-activated protein kinase or ERK kinase, and PI3K is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). However, these two signaling pathways were shown to exert opposing effects on muscle cell hypertrophy. Furthermore, the PI3K-Akt pathway was shown to inhibit the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway; this cross-regulation depended on the differentiation state of the cell: Akt activation inhibited the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway in differentiated myotubes, but not in their myoblast precursors. The stage-specific inhibitory action of Akt correlated with its stage-specific ability to form a complex with Raf, suggesting the existence of differentially expressed mediators of an inhibitory Akt-Raf complex.  相似文献