Effect of feeding of calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal on plasma gossypol levels, blood parameters, and performance of Bikaneri lambs     

Alagarsamy Kannan  Vadali Rama Bhadra Sastry  Dinesh Kumar Agrawal  Avneesh Kumar 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1289-1295

To study the effect of feeding calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal (CSM) incorporated diets on plasma gossypol, blood parameters and animal performance, 24 male Bikaneri lambs of 6–7 months of age and of uniform body weight were divided into four groups of six animals each in a completely randomized design and respectively fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 20 % soybean meal (CON) or 40 % raw CSM (RCSM), 40 % raw CSM supplemented with 500 IU of vitamin E per head per day (ERCSM), and 40 %, 1.5 % calcium hydroxide-treated CSM (CaCSM) along with ad libitum wheat straw throughout 510 days of experimental feeding. The lambs on all the diets grew linearly throughout the experimental period. The total weight gain, in turn the average daily gain (ADG), was not affected by dietary variations. The daily intake of dry matter, crude protein (CP), digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were found comparable among lambs of all the groups. Though total gossypol intake was similar in RCSM, ECSM and CaCSM groups, however, free gossypol intake was significantly higher (P?<?0.01) in RCSM, ECSM groups as compared to CaCSM group. Serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels were significantly (P?<?0.05) lower in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and CON groups, and ALT activity was significantly (P?<?0.05) higher on RCSM group as compared to other groups. Plasma gossypol and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were significantly (P?<?0.05) increased in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and ERCSM groups. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of other blood/serum biochemical constituents among the lambs on different groups. Based on the results, it may be concluded that feeding of 40 % CSM in the concentrate mixture of the diet in Bikaneri lambs did not have any major adverse effect in blood parameters and animal performance. Either calcium hydroxide treatment or vitamin E supplementation did not produce any major additional benefits.  相似文献   

Effect of supplementing different concentrations of organic trace minerals on performance, antioxidant activity, and bone mineralization in Vanaraja chickens developed for free range farming     

Savaram Venkata Rama Rao  Bhukya Prakash  Kanya Kumari  Mantena Venkata Laxmi Narasimha Raju  Arun Kumar Panda 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1447-1451

An experiment was conducted to determine the performance, antioxidation activity, and bone mineral content in Vanaraja chickens fed diet supplemented with organic trace minerals (oTM) at reduced levels. A total of 360 day-old chicks were selected and distributed randomly into 60 battery brooder pens. A maize–soybean meal-based control diet was supplemented with inorganic trace minerals (iTM), i.e., Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu at 50, 45, 40, and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively, and varying concentration of oTM, i.e., Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, I, Se, and Cr at 45, 50, 7.5, 40, 2, 0.30, and 0.25 mg/kg (diet II); 33.75, 37.50, 5.63, 30.0, 1.50, 0.23, and 0.19 mg/kg (diet III); 22.5, 25.0, 3.75, 20.0, 1.0, 0.15, and 0.13 mg/kg (diet IV); 18.0, 20.0, 3.0, 16.0, 0.80, 0.12, and 0.10 mg/kg (diet V); and 13.5, 15.0, 2.25, 12.0, 0.60, 0.09, and 0.08 mg/kg (diet VI), respectively. Each diet was allotted randomly to ten replicates and fed ad libitum from 1 to 42 days of age. The body weight at 14, 28, and 42 days was not affected by reducing the supplementation of oTM concentration in the diets. Similarly, feed intake at 14 days of age was not affected but reduced significantly (P?<?0.05) in the group fed diet IV (50 % oTM) compared to that in the other groups. The higher feed conversion ratio and increased concentration of Ca, P, and trace minerals in tibia were evident in the group fed oTM-supplemented diets compared to the diet containing iTM. Activities of glutathione peroxidase and ferric reducing ability in plasma did not differ in the groups fed on lower concentration of oTM compared to those fed on diet I (control diet). Therefore, it is concluded that the dietary supplementation of trace minerals can be reduced greatly when supplemented as organic form without affecting growth and antioxidant status in Vanaraja chickens.  相似文献   

Pyroptosis and adaptive immunity mechanisms are promptly engendered in mesenteric lymph-nodes during pig infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium     

Rodrigo Prado Martins  Carmen Aguilar  James E Graham  Ana Carvajal  Rocío Bautista  M Gonzalo Claros  Juan J Garrido 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):120

  相似文献   

A detailed molecular analysis of complete Bovine Leukemia Virus genomes isolated from B-cell lymphosarcomas     

Gonzalo Moratorio  Sabrina Fischer  Sergio Bianchi  Lorena Tomé  Gonzalo Rama  Gonzalo Obal  Federico Carrión  Otto Pritsch  Juan Cristina 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):19

  相似文献   

Antioxidant Activity of Protein Isolate Obtained by the pH Shift Technique from Hydrolyzed and Unhydrolyzed Shrimp Processing Discards     

Meenata Khumallambam  Sowmya Rama  Rathina Raj Karuppannan 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):209-221

Protein isolates from hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed shrimp waste were prepared using the pH shift method. The conditions for protein isolation from unhydrolyzed shrimp waste by the pH shift method were standardized with respect to waste to distilled water ratio (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:10 w/v) and the alkaline pH (9.0, 10.0, and 11.0) to which the waste was to be adjusted before protein precipitation for higher yield of protein isolate. The yield of precipitate with waste to distilled water ratio of 1:2.5 (17.3 ± 0.9) was lower (p < 0.05) compared to the other three dilutions. The pH to which the waste is adjusted before precipitating the proteins at pH 4.5 had no effect (p > 0.05) on the yield. The antioxidant activity of the protein isolate obtained by the pH shift method from unhydrolyzed waste was compared with that obtained from the waste hydrolyzed with Alcalase®. The DPPH scavenging activity of protein isolate after enzyme hydrolysis was significantly higher than that of protein isolate from unhydrolyzed waste. With respect to recovery of total antioxidant activity, protein isolation from unhydrolyzed waste was superior to hydrolyzed waste due to higher yield.  相似文献   

Effect of ammonia on the electrolyte status of an Indian major carp Catla catla     

Bheeman Dinesh  Mathan Ramesh  Rama Krishnan Poopal 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1677-1684

Ammonia is present in the aquatic environment due to agricultural runoff, sewage effluents and decomposition of biological waste. High level of ammonium in the aquatic environment or in aquaculture farms is a serious problem for aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, the sublethal effects of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) at 9.98 mg L^?1 on plasma electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^?) level of Indian major carp Catla catla fingerlings was studied for a period of 35 days under semistatic conditions. Exposure of fish to sublethal concentration of TAN at 9.98 mg L^?1 caused changes in the levels of plasma electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^?) compared with control fish. No mortality was observed in any group during the treatment period. The present study reveals that the levels of plasma sodium and potassium (except on 7th day) electrolytes were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased throughout the study period. However, the decrease in plasma chloride level was found to be not significant when compared with control group. The present study concludes that the measurements of plasma electrolytes levels can be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring nitrogenous chemicals in aquatic environment.  相似文献   

Leaf classification in sunflower crops by computer vision and neural networks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Juan Ignacio Arribas  Gonzalo V. Sánchez-FerreroGonzalo Ruiz-Ruiz  Jaime Gómez-Gil 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,78(1):9-18

In this article, we present an automatic leaves image classification system for sunflower crops using neural networks, which could be used in selective herbicide applications. The system is comprised of four main stages. First, a segmentation based on rgb color space is performed. Second, many different features are detected and then extracted from the segmented image. Third, the most discriminable set of features are selected. Finally, the Generalized Softmax Perceptron (GSP) neural network architecture is used in conjunction with the recently proposed Posterior Probability Model Selection (PPMS) algorithm for complexity selection in order to select the leaves in an image and then classify them either as sunflower or non-sunflower. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieves a high level of accuracy with only five selected discriminative features obtaining an average Correct Classification Rate of 85% and an area under the receiver operation curve over 90%, for the test set.  相似文献   

Food access and pro-poor value chains: a community case study in the central highlands of Peru     

Daniel Tobin  Mark Brennan  Rama Radhakrishna 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(4):895-909

Pro-poor value chains intend to integrate smallholding farmers into high value markets to contribute to poverty alleviation and food security. Although income benefits of pro-poor value chains have been found, scant evidence exists regarding the potential for these markets to enhance food security. This study focuses on components of food access—dietary diversity, physical and financial access, and social acceptability—among households that participate in pro-poor value chains and non-participating households in the central highlands of Peru where development interventions have created high value market niches for the native potato varieties that smallholding farmers have conserved for thousands of years. Using a mixed methods approach, this study assessed dietary diversity among households that participate and do not participate in pro-poor value chains, as well as their perceptions of their food access. Findings indicated that households that participate in value chains have higher dietary diversity than non-participating households but that these differences are likely due to pre-existing differences in socioeconomic status rather than any causal effect provided by value chains. The study also concluded that while participation in pro-poor value chains sometimes enhance the purchasing power of participating households, they may also weaken financial access, important for both purchasing food and travel to make those purchases. Community perspectives also indicated concerns with the acceptability of diets, which cannot likely be comprehensively addressed by pro-poor value chains. Collectively, the findings from this study cast doubt on the assumption that a linear flow exists between pro-poor value chains and enhanced food access.  相似文献   

Pigeonpea breeding in eastern and southern Africa: challenges and opportunities          下载免费PDF全文

Seleman R. Kaoneka  Rachit K. Saxena  Said N. Silim  Damaris A. Odeny  Nadigatla Veera Prabha Rama Ganga Rao  Hussein A. Shimelis  Moses Siambi  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):148-154

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) is an important multipurpose grain legume crop primarily grown in tropical and subtropical areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In Africa, the crop is grown for several purposes including food security, income generation, livestock feed and in agroforestry. Production in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) is however faced with many challenges including limited use of high‐yielding cultivars, diseases and pests, drought, under‐investment in research and lack of scientific expertise. The aim of this review is to highlight the challenges facing pigeonpea breeding research in ESA and the existing opportunities for improving the overall pigeonpea subsector in the region. We discuss the potential of the recently available pigeonpea genomic resources for accelerated molecular breeding, the prospects for conventional breeding and commercial hybrid pigeonpea, and the relevant seed policies, among others, which are viewed as opportunities to enhance pigeonpea productivity.  相似文献   

Extraction of antioxidants from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark     

Gonzalo Vázquez  Jorge Santos  M. Sonia Freire  Gervasio Antorrena  Julia González-álvarez 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(1-3):443-457

The extraction of phenolic compounds from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark was examined with the aim of analyzing the potential of the extracts as natural antioxidants. Experiments were planned according to a 2³ factorial design to analyze the influence of temperature and Na₂SO₃ and NaOH concentrations in aqueous solutions on extraction yield, extract total phenols content, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and number- and weight-average molecular weights. Extract total phenols content and FRAP antioxidant activity in the ranges 0.91–2.58?g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100?g oven-dried bark and 4.70–11.96?mmol ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/100?g oven-dried bark, respectively, demonstrated the potential of eucalyptus bark as a source of antioxidant compounds. Extraction at the highest temperature (100°C), the lowest Na₂SO₃ concentration (1.5% on oven-dried bark), and without NaOH provided the highest extract total phenols content and FRAP antioxidant activity. Those eucalyptus bark extracts with lower molecular weight showed higher antioxidant activity. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed the presence of polygalloyl glucoses, catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid, quercetin-3-o-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin in eucalyptus bark aqueous extracts.  相似文献