Genetics of multiple disease resistance in a doubled-haploid population of barley   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. J. Steffenson    Y. Jin    B. G. Rossnagel    J. B. Rasmussen  K. Kao 《Plant Breeding》1995,114(1):50-54

The barley accession Q21861 possesses resistance to the stem-rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici), leaf-rust (P. hordei), and powdery-mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) pathogens. An anther-culture-derived doubled-haploid population was produced from F₁ plants from a cross of this accession and the susceptible breeding line SM89010 as a means of rapidly and efficiently determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance. The doubled-haploid population segregated 1:1 (resistant:susceptible) for resistance to the stem rust pathotype QCC indicating the involvement of a single resistance gene, rpg4. Two-gene (3:1) and one-gene (1:1) segregation ratios were observed for resistance to the stem-rust pathotype MCC at low (23–25°c) and high (27–29°C) temperature, respectively. These different segregation patterns were due to a pathotype × temperature interaction exhibited by rpg4 and Rpg1. another stem-rust-resistance gene present in Q21861. One-gene and two-gene segregation ratios were observed in reaction to the leaf rust and powdery mildew pathogens. These data demonstrate the utility of doubled haploid populations for determining the genetics of multiple disease resistance in barley.  相似文献   

The Application of TDZ in Enhancing Regeneration of Transgenic Plants     

At present  transgenic plants are globally grown. Availability of a reliable regeneration system predominantly from a single transformed cell is the prerequisites for gene transfer  but regeneration is still a key problem 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):289-290

At present, transgenic plants are globally grown. Availability of a reliable regeneration system predominantly from a single transformed cell is the prerequisites for gene transfer, but regeneration is still a key problem （Wenzel, 2006）. The application of genetic modification technology in plants is closely related to the efficiency of the regeneration protocol. Shoot formation is oilen enhanced by the combination of auxins and cytokinins. TDZ （Thidiazuron, N-phenyl-N＇-1,2,3-thiodiazol-5-ylurea）, a non-purine, has been shown to promote differentiation of organized centers of growth in cultured tissues at much lower concentrations, and shoot regeneration occurs with an efficiency comparable to or greater than that of other cytokinins （Fiola et al., 1990）. By addition of TDZ, a series of plants which were difficult to culture in vitro or less sensitive to plants growth regulators obtained somatic embryos and regenerated plants, some of them have become the eminent transformation system for genetic engineering. TDZ has been reported to be very efficient in stimulating adventitious shoot production in several recalcitrant plants. TDZ is considered as a potential growth regulator for in vitro shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis of several crops. This review summarized how the new growth regulator TDZ to affect the regeneration of transgenic plants.  相似文献   

Constructive Approaches to Intellectual Property Complexity in Today＇s Agricultural Technology World     

Essential to progress in plant biotechnology for deliverable applications  patent  patent application data must be transparent in order to determine where there is whitespace for innovation.…… 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):299-300

Essential to progress in plant biotechnology for deliverable applications, patent and patent application data must be transparent in order to determine where there is whitespace for innovation.  相似文献   

Specific developmental stages of gametogenesis for radiosensitivity and mutagenesis in rice     

Y. Kowyama  T. Saba  T. Tsuji  T. Kawase 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):27-38

Summary Developmental stages during gametogenesis of rice were histologically examined in the period from differentiation of reproductive organs to anthesis. Plants were exposed to acute X-rays of 20 Gy. Radiosensitivity and mutation frequency were investigated in relation to the developmental stages of reproductive organs. The most radiosensitive stage, as measured by reduction of the M1 pollen-and seed-fertilities, was the last premeiotic interphase. Mutations induced at different developmental stages were scored in M3 strains. Sterility mutants and short-culm mutants were most frequently observed. Grain shape, panicle morphology, heading-date and endosperm character mutants were induced at a relatively low frequency. The overall mutation frequency varied with the developmental stage at the time of irradiation. The highest overall mutation frequency was observed when radiation was applied 10 days before anthesis, the late tetrad stage of microspores. Radiation exposure of florets at the late tetrad stage was found to be a more efficient method of inducing a large number of mutations than radiations applied to seeds and fertilized egg cells.  相似文献   

An introduction to markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and marker-assisted selection for crop improvement: The basic concepts   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24  

B. C. Y. Collard  M. Z. Z. Jahufer  J. B. Brouwer  E. C. K. Pang 《Euphytica》2005,142(1-2):169-196

Recognizing the enormous potential of DNA markers in plant breeding, many agricultural research centers and plant breeding institutes have adopted the capacity for marker development and marker-assisted selection (MAS). However, due to rapid developments in marker technology, statistical methodology for identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the jargon used by molecular biologists, the utility of DNA markers in plant breeding may not be clearly understood by non-molecular biologists. This review provides an introduction to DNA markers and the concept of polymorphism, linkage analysis and map construction, the principles of QTL analysis and how markers may be applied in breeding programs using MAS. This review has been specifically written for readers who have only a basic knowledge of molecular biology and/or plant genetics. Its format is therefore ideal for conventional plant breeders, physiologists, pathologists, other plant scientists and students.  相似文献   

Assessment of genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. by SSR and RAPD marker analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. Y. ZHUANG  J. F. CHEN  J. E. STAUB  C. T. QIAN 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(2):167-172

The first successful production of a sterile interspecific hybrid obtained from a cross between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24) and Cucumis sativus var. sativus L. (2n =2x = 14), and its subsequent fertility restoration through chromosome doubling provide an effective means for investigating genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate relationships among C. s. var. sativus L., C. s. var. hardwickii (R.) Alef., C hystrix, C. hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (the amphidiploid species from chromosome doubling of the C. sativus x C. hystrix interspecific hybrid, 2n = 38), C. melo (2n =2x = 24) and C. metuliferus Meyer and Naudin (2n =2x= 24). A total of 109 SSR bands and 398 RAPD primed sites were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients for cluster analysis using a unweighted pair‐group method using an arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) algorithm. The genetic relationships identified using SSR and RAPD markers were highly concordant, such that the correlation between SSR and RAPD genetic distance (GD) estimates was r = 0.94. SSR and RAPD analysis of 22 accessions allowed for their grouping into two distinct groups designated as CS and CM. While group CS consisted of 11 C. sativus genotypes, and the C. hytivus and C. hystrix accessions, group CM included six C. melo genotypes and C. metuliferus. The GD values between C. hystrix and C. sativus ascribed by SSR and RAPD matrices were 0.59 and 0.57, respectively. These GDs were smaller than those detected between C. hystrix and C melo (0.87 and 0.70 derived from SSR and RAPD markers, respectively).  相似文献   

Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F₁ and F₂ hybrids in upland cotton     

Y. T. Wu    J. M. Yin    W. Z. Guo    X. F. Zhu  T. Z. Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(3):285-289

Because of the difficulty of producing F₁ hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F₂ hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F₁ and F₂ hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F₁s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F₂s. These three F₂ hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F₁s and F₂s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F₂s greatly out‐yielded the best variety. Average F₁ heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F₂ heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F₁ heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F₁ hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F₂s in China.  相似文献   

RFLP/AFLP mapping of a brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) resistance gene Bph1 in rice     

P.N. Sharma  Y. Ketipearachchi  K. Murata  A. Torii  S. Takumi  N. Mori  C. Nakamura 《Euphytica》2003,129(1):109-117

We have constructed a linkage map of the rice brown planthopper (BPH)resistance gene, Bph1. RFLP and AFLP markers were selected by thebulked segregant analysis and used in the mapping study of 262 F₂sthat were derived from a cross of `Tsukushibare', a susceptible japonica cultivar, and `Norin-PL3', an authentic japonicaBph1-introgression line. Twenty markers were mapped within a 28.9-cMregion containing the Bph1 locus on the long arm of rice chromosome12. Combining the result of segregation analysis of BPH resistance by themass seedling test and that of the markers, the Bph1 locus wasmapped within a 5.8-cM region between two flanking markers. The closestAFLP markers, em5814N and em2802N, was at 2.7 cM proximal to theBph1 locus. Together with the previously constructed high-resolutionmap of bph2 locating the locus at ca. 10 cM proximal to the Bph1 locus, this improved version of the linkage map would facilitatepyramiding these two important BPH resistance genes.  相似文献   

Production and characterization of Raphanus sativus-Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines     

Y. Kaneko    H. Yano    S. W. Bang  Y. Matsuzawa 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(2):163-168

Breeding of Raphanus sativus‐Brassica rapa monosomic chromosome addition lines (MALs, 2n = 19) was carried out by backcrossing the synthesized amphidiploid line, Raphanobrassica (R. sativus×B. rapa, 2n = 38, RRAA, line RA89) with R. sativus cv. ‘Shogoin’ (2n = 18, RR). In the first cross of Raphanobrassica× radish, four sesquidiploidal BC₁ plants (2n = 28, RRA, RA89‐36‐1, RA89‐31‐1, RA89‐31‐2, RA89‐31‐3) were successfully developed. In these plants, the chromosome configurations of 9II + 10I and 10II + 8I were observed frequently at first metaphase (MI) of meiosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs). The RA 89‐36‐1 plant produced many seeds in the reciprocal backcrosses with radish. About 50% of the BC₂ plants obtained from the cross of RA89‐36‐1 plant × radish were 2n = 19 plants, followed by 2n = 18 plants (24%) and 2n = 20 plants (19%). In the reciprocal cross, 2n = 19 plants were also developed at the rate of 40%. From analysis of specific morphological traits, 2n = 19 plants were classified into eight types (a‐h). When 25 selected primers were used in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers derived from B. rapa for each type of MAL were detected in numbers between three for e‐type and 16 for b‐type. RAPD markers specific for each type alone were from one (OPE 05‐344) for h‐type to nine for b‐type. In the g‐type, no marker specific to this type alone was observed. However, 19 bands were common between at least two types. These MAL plants exhibited predominantly the chromosome configuration of 9II + 1I at MI of PMCs, pollen and seed fertility being the same level as the radish cv. ‘Shogoin’. From the morphological traits and DNA markers, eight different MAL types among 10 expected were identified.  相似文献   

Differentiation of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit D t x 2.1 of Aegilops tauschii indicated by partial sequences of its encoding gene and SSR markers     

C. M. Lu  W. Y. Yang  B. R. Lu 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):75-83

The devastating late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans infects foliage as well as tubers of potato. To date, resistance breeding has often focused on foliage blight resistance, but tuber blight resistance is becoming more and more important in cultivated potatoes. In this study, a reliable tuber assay for resistance assessment was developed and foliage and tuber blight resistance (R) was compared in four mapping populations. In the RH4X-103 population, tuber blight resistance inherited independently from foliage blight resistance. Three specific R genes against P. infestans were segregating. The Rpi-abpt and R3a genes function as foliage-specific R genes, whereas the R1 gene acts on both foliage and tuber. In the segregating populations SHRH and RH94-076, tuber and foliage blight resistance correlated significantly, which suggests that resistance in foliage and tuber is conferred by the same gene (could be R3b) and quantitative trait loci (QTL), respectively. In the CE population neither tuber nor foliage resistance was observed.  相似文献