Best linear unbiased prediction of triticale hybrid performance   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Manje Gowda  Yusheng Zhao  Hans Peter Maurer  Elmar A. Weissmann  Tobias Würschum  Jochen C. Reif 《Euphytica》2013,191(2):223-230

Predicting single-cross performance is of special interest in hybrid breeding of triticale. We used molecular and phenotypic data of factorial triticale crosses and compared several approaches to predict their single-cross performance. Twenty-three inbred lines and their 76 incomplete factorial crosses were field evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading time at five locations in Central Europe. In addition, the parental lines were genotyped with 52 SSR markers. Plant height and heading time were predicted with high accuracy based on mid-parent performance. In contrast, prediction of hybrid performance based on mid-parent value was not accurate for grain yield. Using general combining ability effects led to an enhanced prediction accuracy of hybrid grain yield performance. This accuracy could be slightly improved using best linear unbiased prediction approaches. The prediction accuracy was considerably high even if the number of tested hybrids was small. Consequently, best linear unbiased prediction of hybrid performance is a promising tool for hybrid triticale breeding programs.  相似文献   

Pod and seed traits in candidate plus trees of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre from southern peninsular India in relation to provenance variation and genetic variability     

Hosalli Ramaswamy Pavithra  Balakrishna Gowda  Kuthi Thammaiah Prasanna  Manchanahally Byrappa Shivanna 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(2):131-142

Provenance variation and genetic variability in pod and seed traits were carried out with 232 candidate plus trees of Pongamia pinnata collected from selected agro-ecological zones of southern peninsular India during February–March 2008 to 2010. Significant variation (P < 0.01) for pod and seed traits across zones and provenances within zones was recorded. The southern dry and transition zone of Karnataka showed the highest mean value for all the pod and seed traits. A significant negative (P < 0.05) correlation and positive correlation was recorded for latitude with 100-seed weight and seed germination, respectively. Altitude positively correlated with 100-pod weight and negatively correlated with oil content. Phenotypic co-efficient of variation was higher than the genotypic co-efficient of variation indicating the influence of environment. Central dry zone and eastern dry zone of Karnataka showed high heritability and genetic advance for 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, and seed germination. Positive significant (P < 0.05) genotypic correlation of co-efficient was recorded between seed thickness and oil content (0.211). Germination percentage showed significant positive correlation with seed weight and oil content. Path analysis revealed that seed thickness contributed directly to oil content (0.272). Based on D² analysis, pongamia accessions could be grouped into seven clusters. Maximum diverse Clusters I and VII were identified based on inter-cluster distance (40.19). Thus on the basis of the present findings, it might be suggested that accessions from these clusters could be most suitably used for hybridization and in situ germplasm conservation.  相似文献   

A review of downscaling methods for remote sensing-based irrigation management: part I     

Wonsook Ha  Prasanna H. Gowda  Terry A. Howell 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(4):831-850

High-resolution daily evapotranspiration (ET) maps would greatly improve irrigation management. Numerous ET mapping algorithms have been developed to make use of thermal remote sensing data acquired by satellite sensors. However, adoption of remote sensing-based ET maps for irrigation management has not been feasible due to inadequate spatial and temporal resolution of ET maps. Data from a coarse spatial resolution image in agricultural fields often cause inaccurate ET estimation because of a high level of spatial heterogeneity in land use. Image downscaling methods have been utilized to overcome spatial and temporal scaling issues in numerous remote sensing applications. In the field of hydrology, the image downscaling method has been used to improve spatial resolution of remote sensing-based ET maps for irrigation scheduling purposes and thus improves estimation of crop water requirements. This paper (part I) reviews downscaling methods to improve spatial resolution of land surface characteristics such as land surface temperature or ET. Each downscaling method was assessed and compared with respect to their capability of downscaling spatial resolutions of images. The companion paper (part II) presents review of image fusion methods that are also designed to increase spatial resolutions of images by integrating multi-spectral and panchromatic images.  相似文献   

Heterotrophic nitrification and nitrite tolerance by aspergillus carneus (van tiegh) blochwitz,a predominant fungus isolated from benomyl-amended soil     

T.K. Siddarame Gowda  R. Siddaramappa  N. Sethunathan 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1976,8(5):435-437

Nitrogen transformations by Aspergillus carneus (van Tiegh) Blochwitz, a predominant fungus isolated from benomyl-amended soil was studied. The organism oxidized NH⁺₄ to NO^?₂; NO^?₃ was not detected. NO^?₂ was also produced from peptone in a sterilized soil inoculated with A. carneus. The fungus tolerated 10³ parts/10⁶ NaNO₂. Complete disappearance of NO^?₂ occurred from media amended with 500 parts/10⁶ NaNO₂ in 24 days. The fungus also reduced NO^?₃ to NO^?₂.  相似文献   

Soil respiration from winter wheat-based cropping systems in the US Southern Great Plains as influenced by tillage managements     

Tanka P. Kandel  Prasanna H. Gowda  Brian K. Northup  Alexandre C. Rocateli 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(5):377-385

This study compared soil respiration (SR) fluxes from winter wheat-based cropping systems in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP) under reduced and conventional tillage. The study consisted of four sets of paired paddocks assigned to conventional or reduced tillage with a four-year crop rotation applied over time. During the 2016–2017 study year, four sets of paired paddocks were planted to: winter wheat managed for grazing, dual-purpose (grazing and grain production), and grain-only systems of production, and winter canola. Heterotrophic SR fluxes were measured using a plant and root exclusion method on eight permanently deployed PVC cores per paddock. Fluxes from the cores were measured manually using a closed chamber connected to an infrared gas analyser on 12–13 dates during the winter wheat growing season (October through May). There were strong seasonal patterns of SR flux, with lower rates during dry and cold periods, and higher rates during warm and wet periods. Large rainfall induced pulses of SR flux were observed for both tillage systems. There was no consistent large-scale difference in SR flux between tillage treatments applied to paired paddocks. Results from this study indicate SR fluxes from winter wheat-based cropping systems are controlled more by soil environmental conditions than form of tillage.  相似文献   

ET mapping for agricultural water management: present status and challenges   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Prasanna H. Gowda  Jose L. Chavez  Paul D. Colaizzi  Steve R. Evett  Terry A. Howell  Judy A. Tolk 《Irrigation Science》2008,26(3):223-237

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential component of the water balance. Remote sensing based agrometeorological models are presently most suited for estimating crop water use at both field and regional scales. Numerous ET algorithms have been developed to make use of remote sensing data acquired by sensors on airborne and satellite platforms. In this paper, a literature review was done to evaluate numerous commonly used remote sensing based algorithms for their ability to estimate regional ET accurately. The reported estimation accuracy varied from 67 to 97% for daily ET and above 94% for seasonal ET indicating that they have the potential to estimate regional ET accurately. However, there are opportunities to further improving these models for accurately estimating all energy balance components. The spatial and temporal remote sensing data from the existing set of earth observing satellite platforms are not sufficient enough to be used in the estimation of spatially distributed ET for on-farm irrigation management purposes, especially at a field scale level (∼10 to 200 ha). This will be constrained further if the thermal sensors on future Landsat satellites are abandoned. However, research opportunities exist to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of ET by developing algorithms to increase the spatial resolution of reflectance and surface temperature data derived from Landsat/ASTER/MODIS images using same/other-sensor high resolution multi-spectral images.  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of QTLs for domestication-related traits in cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.)     

Mebeaselassie Andargie  Remy S. Pasquet  Bhavani S. Gowda  Geoffrey M. Muluvi  Michael P. Timko 《Euphytica》2014,200(3):401-412

Understanding the genetic basis underlying domestication-related traits (DRTs) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is important since the genome has experienced divergent domestication and in addition it is also useful to utilize the wild germplasm efficiently for improving different traits of the cultivated cowpea. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for DRTs were identified in a population of 159 F₇ recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between a domesticated cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.) variety, 524B, and a wild accession, 219. Using the constructed linkage map, QTLs for 10 DRTs were analysed and mapped. QTLs for seed, pod and flower related traits were detected. Subsequently, QTL for ovule number was also identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time a QTL for this trait has been observed. QTLs for DRTs show co-localization on three linkage groups and pleiotropy or close linkage of genes for the traits is suggested in these chromosome regions. The information gained in this study can be used for marker-assisted selection of domestication-related QTLs in cowpea and enhance understanding of domestication in the genus Vigna.  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity in cold-tolerant peanut (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis hypogaea</Emphasis> L.) germplasm     

H. D. Upadhyaya  L. J. Reddy  S. L. Dwivedi  C. L. L. Gowda  S. Singh 《Euphytica》2009,165(2):279-291

Tolerance to low temperature is an important prerequisite for optimal performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in a number of temperate peanut-growing environments. One hundred fifty-eight peanut accessions belonging to five botanical types, known to be tolerant to low temperature (12°C) at germination, were evaluated for phenotypic diversity for 15 morphological traits in the 2001 rainy season and for 15 agronomic and two seed quality traits in the 2001 rainy and 2001/2002 post-rainy seasons. Analysis of data, using the residual maximum-likelihood approach indicated that variance components due to genotypes were significant for all traits in the rainy and for all but two traits in the post-rainy season. Clustering based on scores of nine principle components delineated four clusters. The cold-tolerant genotypes and the standard control cultivars in the four clusters differed in mean, variance, and range both during rainy and post-rainy seasons for a range of agronomic traits, indicating the diversity among the clusters. The cold-tolerant accessions were superior to control cultivars for several agronomic traits compared with their respective controls in both the rainy and post-rainy seasons, so their use in breeding should result in genetically diverse cold-tolerant high-yielding peanut cultivars.  相似文献   

Titrimetric determination of vitamin B6 using chloramine-T, bromamine-T, and bromamine-B     

B Jayaram  N M Made Gowda 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1986,69(1):47-49

Simple titrimetric methods have been developed for determination of the vitamin pyridoxine (PRX) in solution, using aromatic N-haloamines, chloramine-T, bromamine-T, and bromamine-B. The method is based on oxidation of PRX by the N-haloamines; the oxidation involves a 2-electron change. The reaction products, pyridoxal and sulfonamides, were identified. The effects of variables, such as pH of the medium and the presence of foreign ions, and pyridoxal, pyridoxalamine, glycerol, and alcohol, on the rate of oxidation were studied. The methods are useful for determining PRX in pharmaceutical formulations and for assaying its cadmium complex. Statistical evaluation showed that analytical results are accurate to within 1%.  相似文献   

Phenotypic diversity in the pigeonpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cajanus cajan</Emphasis>) core collection     

H. D. Upadhyaya  K. N. Reddy  C. L. L. Gowda  Sube Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1167-1184

The pigeonpea core collection developed at ICRISAT genebank consists of 1,290 accessions from 53 countries. The core collection, which includes selected lines in extra early, early, medium and late maturity groups was evaluated for 18 qualitative and 16 quantitative characters during the 2004 rainy season, to assess the phenotypic diversity and determine the relative importance of different characters in evaluating pigeonpea germplasm accessions. The four maturity groups differed significantly for all characters under study. The medium maturity group showed significantly higher mean number of primary, secondary and tertiary branches, number of racemes, pod bearing length, pods per plant, shelling percent and plot seed yield. Late maturity group showed significantly higher mean for leaf size, plant height, pod length, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight, indicating this group as a good source of vegetable pigeonpea. Significant positive correlations were found between number of secondary branches and pods per plant in extra early group (r = 0.756), late maturity group (r = 0.776) and entire core (r = 0.728) and between number of racemes and pods per plant in all maturity groups and entire core. Principal coordinate and principal component analysis showed that seven qualitative and nine quantitative traits were important in explaining multivariate polymorphism. The Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′) varied for different maturity groups and traits. Phenotypic diversity, averaged over all the 16 characters, increases from extra early group (0.36 ± 0.04) to late maturity group (0.42 ± 0.04) suggesting that medium and late maturity groups have greater diversity compared to extra early and early maturity groups.  相似文献