Multi#ex—CAPS技术及其在番茄遗传鉴定中的应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

王孝宣  杜永臣  朱德蔚  Luigi Monti  S.Grandillo 《园艺学报》2003,30(6):673-677

 ：应用Multiplex—PCR和CAPS(Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence)原理研究建立了Mutiplex—CAPS技术。该技术包括：(1)在PCR扩增反应体系加入2对、3对或多对核苷酸引物，经30～40个扩增循环后得到每对引物的特异扩增片段；(2)应用同一种限制性内切酶消化这些不同引物经扩增后获得的特异片段；(3)琼脂糖凝胶电泳溴化乙锭染色检测酶切片段长度的多态性。利用该技术对番茄(Lycopersicon es—cdentum)TA517及其近等基因系的分析表明，Multiplex—CAPS能同时检测2个、3个或多个CAPS标记的多态性，其效果等同于每个CAPS标记的多态性的叠加，重复性好，分析效率高，降低成本数倍。  相似文献   

Comparison of an in vitro and a damping-off assay to test soils for suppressiveness to Pythium aphanidermatum     

N. J. Grünwald  F. Workneh  S. Hu  A. H. C. van Bruggen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(1):55-63

Testing of soil samples in greenhouse assays for suppressiveness to soilborne plant pathogens requires a considerable investment in time and effort as well as large numbers of soil samples. To make it possible to process large numbers of samples efficiently, we compared an in vitro growth assay with a damping-off assay using Pythium aphanidermatum as the test organism on tomato seedlings. The in vitro test compares the radial growth or relative growth of the fungus in soil to that in autoclaved soil and reflects suppressiveness of soils to the pathogen. We used soils from a field experiment that had been farmed either organically or conventionally and into which a cover crop (oats and vetch in mixture) had been incorporated 0, 10, 21, and 35 days previously. We obtained a significant, positive correlation between damping-off severities of tomato seedlings in damping-off assays and both relative and radial growth in vitro. In addition, radial and relative growth of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro assay were positively correlated with several carbon and nitrogen variables measured for soil and incorporated debris. We did not find differences between the two farming systems for either growth measures of P. aphanidermatum or disease severities on tomato at different stages of cover crop decomposition. The in vitro assay shows potential for use with any fungus that exhibits rapid saprophytic growth, and is most suitable for routine application in suppressiveness testing.  相似文献   

Studies on the potential use of Pasteuria penetrans as a biocontrol agent of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)     

E. A. TZORTZAKAKIS  A. G. DE. R. CHANNER  S. R. GOWEN  & R. AHMED 《Plant pathology》1997,46(1):44-55

Some aspects of the interaction of the bacterial parasite Pasteuria penetrans and the root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) were investigated in laboratory and pot experiments. The variable spore attachment on juveniles exposed to water suspensions of the bacterium is probably attributed to differential susceptibility of biotypes within a heterogeneous Meloidogyne population. The relationship between spore concentration and attachment level is not linear over a range of spore dosages, indicating that even at very high spore concentrations the number of spores capable of attachment may not be present in excess and it is difficult to ensure sufficient numbers of spores to ensure infection will attach to all nematodes. Attempts to apply the bacterium in conditions such as might occur in seedbeds did not suppress nematode multiplication after transplanting in nematode-infested soil, indicating that the only effective application method is a thorough spore distribution in the planting sites. Two major constraints were revealed: high levels of spore attachment to juveniles does not always guarantee a significant reduction of egg laying and this is greatly influenced by the Meloidogyne biotype. Furthermore, the cumulative effect of the parasite in reducing Meloidogyne populations over several crop cycles was less than expected as the bacterium reduced intra-specific competition for the food supply and the less damaged root enabled many nematodes to survive.  相似文献   

The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290–320 nm) radiation on blister blight disease of tea (Camellia sinensis)     

T. S. GUNASEKERA  N. D. PAUL  & P. G. AYRES 《Plant pathology》1997,46(2):179-185

Sunlight is known to reduce the incidence of blister blight disease of tea, caused by Exobasidium vexans . The effects of the ultraviolet-B (UV-B: 290–320 nm) component of solar radiation on the disease and the development of E. vexans were studied in the field in Sri Lanka using UV-screening filter materials held over a commercial crop. Exclusion of UV-B radiation by Polyester, which reduces fluxes in the UV-B region by approximately 75–85%, increased both the number of translucent spots (immature sites of infection) and number of sporulating blisters (mature sites of infection), but it had little or no effect on the sporulation of the pathogen. When basidiospores were artificially inoculated on leaves, and were exposed to full or filtered solar radiation, their survival and germination increased when UV-B wavelengths were removed; significant differences were found 62 h after inoculation. However, UV-B did not affect the extension of germ tubes. This study indicates that the UV-B component of solar radiation plays an important role in the natural regulation of blister blight disease in the field.  相似文献   

Transfer from Erwinia herbicola to Escherichia coli of a plasmid associated with biocontrol of fire blight     

M. H. EL-MASRY  T. A. BROWN  H. A. S. EPTON  & D. C. SIGEE 《Plant pathology》1997,46(6):865-870

Strains of Erwinia herbicola effective in the biocontrol of fire blight of hawthorn were used to investigate the possibility that the antagonistic activity is coded by plasmid-born genes. Agarose gel electrophoresis of isolated plasmids from four antagonistic Erw. herbicola strains showed a band of a supercoiled 12 kb plasmid in each strain, with a second band greater than 16.2 kb consistently seen in two strains. Erw. herbicola strains showed resistance to penicillin-G, which could be conferred on penicillin-G sensitive Escherichia coli TG1 by transformation with a pure Erw. herbicola plasmid preparation. Transformed strains of Esc. coli appeared to contain the Erw. herbicola 12 kb plasmid, but not the > 16.2 kb plasmid. In an agar plate assay, Esc. coli transformants produced an inhibition zone against Erw. amylovora similar to those produced by the original Erw. herbicola strains. In two biocontrol assays, the transformed Esc. coli strains had a suppressive effect on disease development on infected pear fruit slices and hawthorn blossoms.  相似文献   

Acidovorax avenae subsp.citrulli transmitted by solanaceous seeds     

I. Assouline  Hillela Milshtein  M. Mizrahi  Edna Levy  I. S. Ben-Ze’ev 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(2):117-118

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Effects of neemgard on phytophagous and predacious mites and on Spiders     

F. A. Mansour  K. R. S. Ascher  F. Abo-Moch 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(4):333-336

The effects of Neemgard, an acaricidal and fungicidal formulation obtained from neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernels, on the phytophagous miteTetranychus cinnabarinus, the predacious mitePhytoseiulus persimilis, and the predatory spiderChiracanthium mildei, were investigated in laboratory experiments. Neemgard was highly toxic toT. cinnabarinus but had no toxic effect onC. mildei orP. persimilis. Another neem formulation—the insecticidal Neemix 45—caused conspicuous repellency, but no mortality, inT. cinnabarinus.  相似文献   

Comparison of two sampling methods for leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) associated with sesame in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey     

U. Kersting  H. Bapinar  N. Uygun  S. Satar 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1997,70(7):131-135

Yellow sticky-traps and a modified Johnson-Taylor suction-trap were used to index the relative population dynamic of leafhoppers associated with sesame in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Comparison of the obtained results signified important differences between both traps. 32 leafhoppers species were caught in the suction-trap while only 18 species were determined on yellow sticky-traps. For most of the leafhopper species, relatively more males were determined on the yellow-traps than in the suction-trap, indicating a higher activity of male leafhoppers during daytime hours. A close relationship between the seasonal flight pattern as indexed by sticky-traps and by suction-trap was only observed forAsymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) andEmpoasca decipiens Paoli. For most other leafhopper species no or only a very poor correlation for the relative population dynamic was determined between both traps. Important leafhopper vector species, e.g.,Circulifer haematoceps (Mulsant et Rey) andOrosius orientalis (Matsumura) were better represented in yellow sticky-trap catches than they were in the suction trap.

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Zusammenfassung  Die relative Populationsdynamik der mit Sesam assozüerten Zwergzikaden wurde mit beleimten Gelbtafeln und einer stationären Johnson-Taylor-Saugfalle an der südöstlichen Mittelmeerküste der Türkei untersucht. Beim Vergleich beider Methoden zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Fallentypen. In der Saugfalle konnten 32 Zwergzikadenarten erfaßt werden, während dies auf den Gelbtafeln nur 18 Arten waren. Die meisten Zwergzikadenarten zeigten auf den Gelbtafeln ein stark in Richtung der Männchen verschobenes Geschlechterverhältnis, was eine erhöhte Flugaktivität der Männchen während des Tageslichts vermuten läßt. Auch der Verlauf der saisonalen Flugaktivität war für die meisten Zwergzikadenarten zwischen den beiden Fallentypen sehr unterschiedlich, und es konnten zwischen Saug- und Gelbfalle keine deutlichen Korrelationen hergestellt werden. Nur für die beiden zusammen erfaßten ArtenAsymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) undEmpoasca decipiens Paoli wurde ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen der mit der Saugfalle und den gelben Leimtafeln erfaßten relativen Populationsdynamik festgestellt. Wichtige Vektorenarten unter den Zwergzikaden, z. B.Circulifer haematoceps (Mulsant et Rey) undOrosius orientalis (Matsumura) waren auf den Gelbtafeln besser repräsentiert als in der Saugfalle.

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Abscisic acid is a potent inhibitor of growth and sporidial formation inneovossia indica cultures: Dual mode of actionvia loss of polyamines and cellular turgidity     

P. P. Singh  Amarjit S. Basra  P. P. S. Pannu 《Phytoparasitica》1997,25(2):111-116

The inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis inNeovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur by D,L— α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) caused an effective reduction of mycelial growth and sporidial production underin vitro conditions, which was reversed by ornithine application. Abscisic acid proved to be similarly effective, not only in inhibiting mycelial growth and sporidial formation but also the germination of teliospores, which constitute the primary inoculum of the pathogen. ABA-mediated inhibition resulted in decreased polyamine levels and loss of cellular turgidity of mycelial cultures. Scanning electron microscopy of ABA-treated cultures revealed extremely shrunken hyphae, in marked contrast to the turgid controls. It is suggested that the manipulation of ABA levels and/or tissue sensitivity in wheat could be a strategy to combat ‘Karnal’ bunt, the disease caused byN. indica.  相似文献   

Biological control and plant health in the UK1     

S. CHEEK 《EPPO Bulletin》1997,27(1):37-43

The protected crop environment has long been recognized as offering particularly good opportunities for the application of biological control and this is reflected in the predominance of integrated pest management programmes and the wide range of biological control agents available. The introduction of new pest species of quarantine concern can often occur in glasshouse crops, as a result of international trade in plant material, and can have a highly disruptive impact upon well established, integrated pest management programmes. The use of biological control agents against quarantine pests is discussed, including both the use of exotic species and those established in the UK. The relevant legislation in the UK is outlined in relation to the introduction of non-native species, including both plant protection and conservation interests. Environmental safety aspects such as the impact of such introductions on non-target species and issues of quality control to prevent the introduction of contaminants are noted as of particular plant health interest.  相似文献