Detection of protective antibody titers against feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus in shelter cats using a point-of-care ELISA     

Digangi BA  Gray LK  Levy JK  Dubovi EJ  Tucker SJ 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(12):912-918

Serum antibody titers are a useful measurement of protection against infection (feline panleukopenia virus [FPV]) or clinical disease (feline herpesvirus-1 [FHV] and feline calicivirus [FCV]), and their determination has been recommended as part of disease outbreak management in animal shelters. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and inter-observer and inter-assay agreement of two semi-quantitative point-of-care assays for the detection of protective antibody titers (PAT) against FPV, FHV and FCV in shelter cats. Low sensitivity for FPV antibodies (28%) rendered a canine point-of-care assay inappropriate for use in cats. The feline point-of-care assay also had low sensitivity (49%) and low negative predictive value (74%) for FPV PAT detection, but was highly accurate in the assessment of FHV and FCV PAT. Improvements in accuracy and repeatability of FPV PAT determination could make this tool a valuable component of a disease outbreak response in animal shelters.  相似文献   

Broiler aflatoxicosis with recovery after replacement of the contaminated diet     

C Chen  A M Pearson  T H Coleman  J I Gray  A M Wolzak 《British poultry science》1985,26(1):65-71

Broiler chickens were fed a diet containing 2057 and 1323 micrograms/kg feed of aflatoxins B1 and B2, respectively, for 35 d. Effects of aflatoxins on growth, food consumption, efficiency of food utilisation and manifestations of aflatoxicosis were compared with control birds at the end of the feeding trial and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 d after replacing the contaminated feed. No difference in food consumption was observed between the controls and the aflatoxin-fed chickens, but efficiency of food utilisation was decreased from 2.2 for the controls to 2.4 g food/g gain for the group fed aflatoxins. Aflatoxins caused depressed growth and enlargement of the kidney, liver, heart and gall bladder. Haemorrhagic spots were present on the surface of the muscles and some of the livers. Most livers from aflatoxin-fed birds were pale and infiltrated with lipid. After withdrawal of the food containing aflatoxins, all apparent gross lesions of aflatoxicosis disappeared, with no evidence of any lesions 8 d after removal of the contaminated diet.  相似文献   

Landscape structure influences continental distribution of hantavirus in deer mice     

Langlois  Jean P.  Fahrig  Lenore  Merriam  Gray  Artsob  Harvey 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(3):255-266

We hypothesized that landscape structure affects movement of individuals through the landscape, which affects the rate and pattern of disease transmission. Based on this hypothesis, we predicted a relationship between landscape structure and disease incidence in spatially structured populations. We tested this prediction for hantavirus incidence in deer mice (Penomysens moniculatus), using a novel index of habitat fragmentation for transect data. A series of four stepwise logistic regression analyses were conducted on serological and ecological data from 2837 mice from 101 sites across Canada. The significant variables, ranked in decreasing order of size of their effect on virus incidence were: human buildings, landscape composition (amount of deer mouse habitat in the 1-km radius landscape surrounding each site), landscape configuration (fragmentation of deer mouse habitat in the 1-km radius landscape surrounding each site), mean annual temperature, and seasonal variation. Our results suggest that epidemiological models should consider not only the demographic structure of the host population, but its spatial structure as well, as inferred from landscape structure. Landscape structure can have a greater effect on the pattern of distribution of a virus in its host population than other ecological variables such as climate and seasonal change. The usefulness of landscape data in epidemiological models depends on the use of the appropriate spatial scale, which can be determined empirically. Epidemiological models with a spatially structured host population can benefit from the explicit consideration of landscape structure.  相似文献   

Preliminary development of a live drug-controlled vaccine against bovine babesiosis using the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus.     

J S Gray  P Gannon 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(3-4):179-188

This study investigated the practicality and potential of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, as a source of live Babesia divergens vaccine and also as a model for the use of the vaccine in cattle. A series of experiments with gerbils concerning vaccine infectivity, immunogenicity and safety were carried out. It was concluded that the use of RPMI medium/40% foetal calf serum as a diluent improved vaccine infectivity, but that the parasitaemia of the blood obtained from donor gerbils had little or no effect. The immunostimulants levamisole and killed Corynebacterium parvum improved vaccine immunogenicity and it was also shown that the subcutaneous route of infection resulted in the greatest host response. Control of vaccine virulence with drugs was only possible when drugs with prophylactic properties, such as imidocarb and long-acting oxytetracycline, were used. More studies are required on all these topics, particularly with regard to their applicability to cattle, and also concerning the possible attenuation of the parasite by manipulation in the gerbil host.  相似文献   

Ostertagia infection and neutrophil function in cobalt-deficient and cobalt-supplemented cattle     

A MacPherson  D Gray  G B Mitchell  C N Taylor 《The British veterinary journal》1987,143(4):348-353

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Pepsinogen types in worm-free sheep and in sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta and Haemonchus contortus     

M Mostofa  Q A McKellar  P D Eckersall  D Gray 《Research in veterinary science》1990,48(1):108-111

Pepsinogen isolated from the plasma of Dorset wethers with abomasal burdens of Ostertagia circumcincta was found to have the same proportions of three zymogen subtypes as that isolated from the plasma of Merino wethers with abomasal burdens of Haemonchus contortus. It appears that the underlying pathophysiological response which causes increased plasma pepsinogen concentrations during abomasal parasitism may be the same irrespective of the breed of sheep or species of parasite.  相似文献   

Suspected adverse reactions to medicines during 1989     

A Gray  C Evans  A Kidd 《The Veterinary record》1990,126(16):376-378

There was an increase in reports of suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicines in 1989 with 329 reports (compared with 206 in 1988), from veterinary surgeons, farmers and the public, comments the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD). Suspected adverse reactions to clostridial/pasteurella vaccines in sheep were a dominant feature and important experience was gained both in terms of liaison with the farming press, and in handling large scale incidents involving PML products. The general trend towards increased reporting of adverse drug effects continues. The UK is the only EC member state to have a PML system and the VMD is looking with some urgency at ways of ensuring the more representative reporting of all categories of drug. Substantial liaison with the veterinary pharmaceutical industry occurred during the year and 204 product reports were requested from companies.  相似文献   

Survival and retention of infectivity of the mitePsoroptes ovis off the host     

D. J. O'Brien  J. S. Gray  P. F. O'Reilly 《Veterinary research communications》1994,18(1):27-36

Psoroptes ovis mites were removed from infected sheep and placed in positions where wool and mites normally accumulate during sheep scab outbreaks. The ambient temperature and humidity were monitored over a 3-week period and the survival and infectivity times were examined. The procedure was carried out during each of the seasons. The hatchability of mite eggs was also examined. It was found that little variation occurred between seasons, with mites regularly retaining viability and infectivity for 15 days during all seasons. Mites that survived for more than 16 days failed to infect sheep. Mite eggs retained hatchability for up to 7 days.  相似文献   

Examination of possible transmission of sheep scab mitePsoroptes ovis between host species     

D. J. O'Brien  J. S. Gray  P. F. O'Reilly 《Veterinary research communications》1994,18(2):113-117

Examination of possible transmission of the Irish strain of the sheep scab mite (Psoroptes ovis) of ovine origin between host species involved calves and goats being placed with infected sheep and also directly challenged with live mites. Although mites remained on recipient species for up to a week, they failed to produce disease in either of these species. Calves and goats that had live mites placed on them likewise failed to infect sheep with which they were housed.  相似文献   

Evidence for adherence-dependent cytotoxicity of Alcaligenes faecalis in turkey tracheal organ cultures     

D R Marshall  D G Simmons  J G Gray 《Avian diseases》1984,28(4):1007-1015

A virulent isolate of Alcaligenes faecalis was examined in turkey tracheal organ cultures (TTOC) for adherence using immunofluorescent staining and for cytotoxicity using light microscopic observation. Treatment of the bacterial culture with trypsin, antiserum specific for A. faecalis, and N-acetylneuraminic acid inhibited the ability of the organism to adhere to TTOC. Treatment of the bacterium with D-galactose partly decreased adherence of the bacterium. Those treatments that inhibited the adherence of A. faecalis also inhibited the cytolytic activity in TTOC. Treatment of the bacterial culture with D-galactose only partly decreased the cytolytic activity. These data indicate that adherence of the organism to TTOC is necessary for the cytolytic activity characteristic of A. faecalis isolates capable of causing alcaligenes rhinotracheitis in turkeys.  相似文献