Blood values in young gray seals     

A G Greenwood  S H Ridgway  R J Harrison 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1971,159(5):571-574

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Effect of certain anesthetic agents on mallard ducks     

D R Cline  R J Greenwood 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1972,161(6):624-633

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Intracranial lymphoid tumour in a cat     

J Barker  A G Greenwood 《The Journal of small animal practice》1973,14(1):15-22

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Chronic vascular catheterisation of the koala and the rabbit     

GM CLEVA  GM STONE  DL EVANS  RK DICKENS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(2):50-52

SUMMARY: Vascular access ports were surgically placed, first in rabbits maintained under laboratory conditions, and then in koalas maintained in a wildlife park. The ports remained patent for 9 months in rabbits and for up to 13 months in the koalas and were removed successfully. They allowed collection of blood samples without assistance or disturbance in koalas, and without stress as reflected by plasma cortisol concentration. The use of retention rings on the cannula tubing is recommended.  相似文献   

Effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on neonatal sheep: IV. Organ growth     

Greenwood PL  Hunt AS  Bell AW 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(2):422-428

This study investigated effects of birth weight and postnatal nutrition on organ growth in neonatal lambs. Suffolk x (Finnsheep x Dorset) low- (mean +/- SD 2.29 +/- 0.34 kg, n = 28) and high- (4.84 +/- 0.45 kg, n = 20) birth-weight male lambs were studied. Lambs within each birth weight category were allocated to be individually grown rapidly (ad libitum fed, ADG 337 g, n = 20) or slowly (ADG 150 g, n = 20) on a liquid diet to live weights up to approximately 20 kg. All organs weighed less at birth in small than in large newborns (P < 0.001), except the adrenals (P = 0.10). At birth, as a percentage of empty body weight (EBW), small newborns had larger testes (0.14 vs. 0.10%, P = 0.023) and smaller thymus (0.17 vs. 0.37%, P = 0.009), and tended to have a larger heart (0.85 vs. 0.75%, P = 0.060) and a smaller spleen (0.10 vs. 0.14%, P = 0.054) than large newborns. During the first 2 to 3 wk postpartum, small newborns had greater fractional growth rates of organs than large newborns, most notably spleen, thymus, and liver. Postnatal growth of organs was more closely associated with EBW than age, except for lungs, testes, and stomach. At completion of rearing to 20 kg of live weight, small newborns had a spleen approximately 30% heavier than large newborns (P < 0.001). Testes weights were 37% and 24% greater in small newborns reared slowly and rapidly, respectively, compared with their high-birth-weight counterparts (P = 0.034). It was also evident that postnatal nutrition altered the mass of individual organs at the conclusion of the rearing period without affecting the combined weight of dissected organs. Slowly reared lambs had a larger pancreas (+27%, P = 0.002), stomach complex (+83%, P < 0.001), large intestine (+39%, P < 0.001), entire gastrointestinal tract (+18%, P = 0.002), and testes (+54%, P = 0.016) and tended to have a larger heart (+6%, P = 0.068) than their rapidly reared counterparts at 20 kg of live weight. Rapidly reared lambs had a larger thymus (+61%, P = 0.003), liver (+34%, P < 0.001), kidneys (+33%, P < 0.001), and small intestine (+17%, P < 0.001) and tended to have a larger thyroid (+13%, P = 0.054) at 20 kg of live weight than slowly reared lambs. The functional significance of the smaller thymus at birth and increase in spleen and testes weights at 20 kg of live weight in low- compared with high-birth-weight lambs warrants further investigation. It also remains to be established whether these differences at 20 kg of live weight persist.  相似文献   

Novel bivalent vectored vaccine for control of myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease     

Spibey N  McCabe VJ  Greenwood NM  Jack SC  Sutton D  van der Waart L 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(12):309

A novel, recombinant myxoma virus-rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) vaccine has been developed for the prevention of myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). A number of laboratory studies are described illustrating the safety and efficacy of the vaccine following subcutaneous administration in laboratory rabbits from four weeks of age onwards. In these studies, both vaccinated and unvaccinated control rabbits were challenged using pathogenic strains of RHD and myxoma viruses, and 100 per cent of the vaccinated rabbits were protected against both myxomatosis and RHD.  相似文献   

Giardia and Cryptosporidium on dairy farms and the role these farms may play in contaminating water sources in Prince Edward Island, Canada     

Budu-Amoako E  Greenwood SJ  Dixon BR  Barkema HW  McClure JT 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(3):668-673

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Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa in Australia     

DL Bugden 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(1-2):43-46

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Oral vaccination of brushtail possums with BCG: Investigation into factors that may influence vaccine efficacy and determination of duration of protection     

BM Buddle  FE Aldwell  DL Keen  NA Parlane  KL Hamel  GW de Lisle 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):224-230

AIMS: To determine factors that may influence the efficacy of an oral pelleted vaccine containing Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to induce protection of brushtail possums against tuberculosis. To determine the duration of protective immunity following oral administration of BCG.

METHODS: In Study 1, a group of possums (n=7) was immunised by feeding 10 pellets containing dead Pasteur BCG, followed 15 weeks later with a single pellet of live Pasteur BCG. At that time, four other groups of possums (n=7 per group) were given a single pellet of live Pasteur BCG orally, a single pellet of live Danish BCG orally, 10 pellets of live Pasteur BCG orally, or a subcutaneous injection of live Pasteur BCG. For the oral pelleted vaccines, BCG was formulated into a lipid matrix, and each pellet contained approximately 10⁷ colony forming units (cfu) of BCG, while the vaccine injected subcutaneously contained 10⁶ cfu of BCG. A sixth, non-vaccinated, group (n=7) served as a control. All possums were challenged by the aerosol route with a low dose of virulent M. bovis 7 weeks after vaccination, and killed 7–8 weeks after challenge. Protection against challenge with M. bovis was assessed from pathological and bacteriological findings.

In Study 2, lipid-formulated live Danish BCG was administered orally to three groups of possums (10–11 per group), and these possums were challenged with virulent M. bovis 8, 29 or 54 weeks later. The possums were killed 7 weeks after challenge, to assess protection in comparison to a non-vaccinated group.

RESULTS: The results from Study 1 showed that vaccine efficacy was not adversely affected by feeding dead BCG prior to live BCG. Feeding 10 vaccine pellets induced a level of protection similar to feeding a single pellet. Protection was similar when feeding possums a single pellet containing the Pasteur or Danish strains of BCG. All vaccinated groups had significantly reduced pathological changes or bacterial counts when compared to the non-vaccinated group. In Study 2, oral administration of Danish BCG induced protection against challenge with M. bovis, which persisted for at least 54 weeks after vaccination. Some protection was observed in possums challenged 54 weeks after vaccination, but this protection was significantly less than that observed in groups vaccinated 29 or 8 weeks prior to challenge. There was a strong relationship between the proportion of animals producing positive lymphocyte proliferation responses to M. bovis antigens and protection against challenge with M. bovis.

CONCLUSIONS: Factors considered potentially capable of interfering with vaccination, including feeding dead BCG to possums prior to feeding live BCG, feeding multiple doses of BCG at one time, and changing strains of BCG, were shown not to interfere with the acquisition of protective immune responses in possums. Protection against tuberculosis was undiminished up to 29 weeks after vaccination with BCG administered orally. It is concluded that vaccination of possums by feeding pellets containing BCG is a robust and efficient approach to enhance the resistance of these animals to tuberculosis.  相似文献   

Epidemiology and conservation implications of Trichomonas gallinae infection in the endangered Mauritian pink pigeon     

N. Bunbury  C.G. Jones  A.G. Greenwood 《Biological conservation》2008,141(1):153-161

Despite increasing recognition of the role of exotic pathogens in species decline, comprehensive studies of wildlife disease epidemiology in threatened species are rare. We investigated the epidemiology of the protozoan parasite Trichomonas gallinae, which causes the avian disease trichomonosis, in the five wild subpopulations of the endangered pink pigeon Columba mayeri in Mauritius. An average of 89% of the entire population was screened for T. gallinae infection every 2 months between September 2002 and April 2004. A total of 426 individual pink pigeons (all >3 months of age) was screened, and 359 (84.3%) of these tested positive for T. gallinae at least once. Average prevalence of T. gallinae infection across all subpopulations and sampling periods was 50.3% but ranged from 19.6% to 82.4%. Trichomonas gallinae infection was significantly different among subpopulations and prevalence gradually decreased over the entire screening period. Infection prevalence also increased with host age. Observed pathogenicity of T. gallinae was low; active trichomonosis signs were recorded in ca. 1.9% of birds which tested positive. However, birds which persistently tested positive for T. gallinae (33.5% of birds screened) were at least 10% less likely to survive 2 yrs post-screening than birds which tested negative at least once in three consecutive periods; a finding which should be considered by wildlife disease investigators if no pathogenic effects are apparent from the results of studies based on a single screening episode. We conclude that T. gallinae is an additional population limiting factor for pink pigeons and our study highlights the importance of screening other endangered columbids for this pathogen.  相似文献