A Tangential Radiographic Projection for Investigation of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint     

NEIL B. TOWNSEND  BSc  BVSc  Cert ES    JOHANNA C. COTTON  BSc    SAFIA Z. BARAKZAI  BVSc  MSc  Cert ES  DESTS  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(5):601-606

  相似文献   

Use of Computed Tomography in Standing Position to Identify Guidelines for Screw Insertion in the Distal Phalanx of Horses: An Ex Vivo Study     

JEAN-MICHEL E. VANDEWEERD  DVM  DES  Cert ES    ROLAND PERRIN  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    THOMAS LAUNOIS  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    LAURENT BROGNIEZ  DVM  SIMON GEHIN  DVM    PETER D. CLEGG  MA  VetMB  Cert EO  Diplomate ECVS  MRCVS    FRANCIS G. DESBROSSE  DVM  Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(3):373-379

Objectives— To compare the precision of radiography and computed tomography (CT) preoperatively in the standing position for identification of guidelines for screw insertion in the distal phalanx, and to identify whether standing CT might improve operative time compared with preoperative radiographic planning.
Study Design— Experimental ex vivo study.
Animals— Cadaveric equine thoracic limb pairs (n=10).
Methods— Insertion of a 4.5 mm cortex screw in lag fashion into an intact distal phalanx was evaluated in 2 groups (n=10) of cadaveric equine thoracic limbs. In 1 group, the site, direction, and length of the implant were determined by radiography, and in the other group, by CT. Accuracy of screw placement was verified by specimen dissection. Outcomes were (1) absence of penetration of the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal (2) appropriate length and direction of the screw. Surgical time was also measured.
Results— No screw penetrated the articular surface, the solar surface, or the semilunar canal in either group. CT was more accurate to identify guidelines for screw insertion (U=23.50, P =.049). With CT, surgical time (mean, 7.7 minutes) was significantly shorter (U=0.000, P =.000) than with radiography (mean, 12.7 minutes).
Conclusion— Standing CT can be used to accurately determine anatomic landmarks for screw insertion in lag fashion in sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance— This study has a clear clinical relevance for improved internal fixation of sagittal fractures of the distal phalanx.  相似文献   

Evaluating irrigation performance in a Mediterranean environment   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

I.?J.?Lorite  L.?MateosEmail author  E.?Fereres 《Irrigation Science》2004,23(2):77-84

Assessment of irrigation performance is a prerequisite for improving water use in the agricultural sector to respond to perceived water scarcity. Between 1996 and 2000, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the performance of the Genil–Cabra irrigation scheme (GCIS) located in Andalusia, southern Spain. The area has about 7,000 ha of irrigated lands distributed in 843 parcels and devoted to a diverse crop mix, with cereals, sunflower, cotton, garlic and olive trees as principal crops. Irrigation is on demand from a pressurized system and hand-moved sprinkler irrigation is the most popular application method. Six performance indicators were used to assess the physical and economic performance of irrigation water use and management in the GCIS, using parcel water-use records and a simulation model. The model simulates the water-balance processes on every field and computes an optimal irrigation schedule, which is then checked against actual schedules. Among the performance indicators, the average irrigation water supply:demand ratio (the ratio of measured irrigation supply to the simulated optimum demand) varied among years from 0.45 to 0.64, indicating that the area is under deficit irrigation. When rainfall was included, the supply:demand ratio increased up to 0.87 in one year, although it was only 0.72 in the driest year, showing that farmers did not fully compensate for the low rainfall with sufficient irrigation water. Nevertheless, farmers in the area made an efficient use of rainfall, as indicated by the relatively high values (0.72–0.83) for the ratio of actual:attainable crop yields. Water productivity (WP) in the GCIS oscillated between 0.72 €/m³ and 1.99 €/m³ during the 4 years and averaged 1.42 €/m³ of water supplied for irrigation, while the irrigation water productivity (IWP) averaged 0.63 €/m³ for the period studied. WP is higher than IWP because WP includes production generated by rainfall, while IWP includes only the production generated by irrigation.Communicated by A. Kassam  相似文献   

Differential expression of insulin‐like growth factor family members in immature cumulus–oocyte complexes from dairy cows with different genotypes          下载免费PDF全文

AC Lopes  MP Palhão  CAC Fernandes  MJ Sudano  ACS Castilho  ES Caixeta 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):1067-1073

It has been evident the improvement of in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in dairy cows. Nevertheless, it is known that differences in the number and quality of oocytes between taurine and zebu females impact the efficiency and economic viability of IVEP. As the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system is related to follicular and oocyte development, we aimed to quantify mRNA abundance of IGF system members and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPPA) in the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) of Gir, 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir and Holstein cows. Four pools of 30 immature COCs from Gir, 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir and Holstein cows were obtained by ovum pickup (OPU), and the oocytes and cumulus cells (CC) were mechanically separated and stored at ?80°C. Total RNA was extracted from pools of 30 oocytes and their respective CC. Expression of target genes was assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR. In oocytes, the abundance of IGFR1 mRNA was higher (p < .05) in Gir cows compared with the other breeds. In contrast, in CC, mRNA encoding IGF2 (p < .05), IGFR2 (p < .05) and IGFBP4 (p < .01) was higher in Holstein donors compared with Gir and 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir cows. Additionally, the abundance of PAPPA mRNA was higher in oocytes (p < .001) and CC (p < .01) in Gir and 1/2 Holstein × 1/2 Gir cows compared with the Holstein donors. In conclusion, the higher abundance of PAPPA mRNA in the oocytes and CC from Gir and cross‐breed donors combined with the low expression of IGFBP4 in the CC suggests an enhancement of the bioavailability of IGF‐free when compared with Holstein COCs.  相似文献   

Subtropical goats ovulate in response to the male effect after a prolonged treatment of artificial long days to stimulate their milk yield          下载免费PDF全文

ES Mendieta  JA Delgadillo  JA Flores  MJ Flores  E Nandayapa  LI Vélez  LA Zarazaga  M Bedos  A Terrazas  H Hernández 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(4):955-962

The objectives of this study were to determine (i) if in subtropical goats that gave birth during mid‐December, the exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod consisting in only 14 hr of light per day can increase the milk yield and (ii) to test whether these females can respond to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment. In experiment 1, 17 lactating goats were maintained under natural short days (control group), while another 22 goats were maintained under artificial long days (treated group) consisting in 14 hr light and 10 hr darkness starting at day 10 of lactation. The continuous exposition to an artificial long‐day photoperiod produced an increase in the milk yield level during the first 110 days of lactation (time × treatment interaction; p = .01), while none of the milk components were modified due to the photoperiodic treatment (p > .05). In experiment 2, all control and treated anovulatory goats were submitted to the male effect using photostimulated males. All females showed oestrous behaviour within the first 10 days that were in contact with males (100% in both groups; p > .05). Thus, the latency to onset of oestrus did not differ between females from control (58.2 ± 3.0 hr) and treated (62 ± 4.6 hr) groups. Male exposition provoked ovulation independently if females were previously under long days or natural photoperiod (96 vs 100%, respectively; p = .79). It was concluded that exposure to 14 hr of light per day in subtropical goats that gave birth in late autumn stimulates milk yield without preventing the ovulation in response to the male effect at the end of the prolonged photoperiodic treatment.  相似文献   

Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria: a novel management strategy for Meloidogyne incognita on turfgrass     

Will Groover  David Held  Kathy Lawrence  Kendra Carson 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):3127-3138

  相似文献   

Evaluating irrigation performance in a Mediterranean environment     

I.?J.?Lorite  L.?MateosEmail author  E.?Fereres 《Irrigation Science》2004,23(2):85-92

Characterizing water use and management in irrigated agriculture is a prerequisite for conserving agricultural water. We carried out a detailed analysis of irrigation performance by documenting the water use of about 840 parcels in an irrigation scheme (Genil–Cabra irrigation scheme; GCIS) located in Andalusia, southern Spain, from 1996 to 2000. Performance indicators based on the water balance detected two water-management strategies, depending on the crop: (1) cotton, garlic, maize and sugar beet had average ratios of measured irrigation supply to the simulated optimum demand (ARIS) ranging between 0.73 and 0.91 and (2) winter cereals, sunflower and olive had a much lower average ARIS (with a 4-year average of 0.28–0.39). We found a large variability in water usage among the management units in all cases. For instance, in cotton, even though the average ARIS was around 0.8, about 50% of the fields were not irrigated adequately (41% with deficit, 9% with excess). Water productivity (WP) in the GCIS was highest for the horticultural crops (garlic, olive; from 1.13 €/m³ to 6.52 €/m³) while it varied among the field crops, being lowest in maize (4-year average of 0.28 €/m³) and highest in sugar beet (4-year average of 1.04 €/m³). Large year-to-year variations in WP were observed in all crops, particularly in sunflower and garlic due either to fluctuating prices for garlic or to the effects of the 1998/1999 drought for sunflower. In fact, WP was lowest in all crops in that year, because seasonal irrigation depths were much higher than in the other 3 years. The combination of ARIS and other performance indicators allowed for determining performance levels and improvement measures. It was found that if more irrigation water is used in the GCIS, garlic and olive will be the crops that profit most from the additional supply. However, it was concluded that, given the wide range in water use and management encountered at the parcel level, improvement policies at the scheme level should always consider individual performance when designing measures for water conservation in irrigated agriculture.  相似文献   

Factors affecting formation of methyl nitrite in soils     

A. M. T. MAGALHÃES  P. M. CHALK 《European Journal of Soil Science》1987,38(4):701-709

The formation of CH₃ONO in 11 soils treated with HNO₂ or NaNO₂ in a closed system, was studied by measuring the concentration in the gas space above the soil and by absorbing CH₃ONO in HI. The gaseous concentration of CH₃ONO increased and then decreased following additions of HNO₂ or NaNO₂, and the production of CH₃ONO increased with increasing concentrations of HNO₂ or NaNO₂ added to soils.
The amounts of CH₃ONO trapped in HI were 13.5 to 20.4 times higher than those determined by integrating under the net production curves. The evolved CH₃ONO amounted to 0.4 to 3.5% of added NO₂⁻, and 4.2 to 50% of the gaseous forms of N absorbed by acidic KMnO₄ solution. The CH₃ONO evolved from soils was positively correlated with the methoxy content of the soils, and inversely related to soil pH, with negligible amounts being evolved from alkaline soils. The results show that CH₃ONO is a product of NO₂⁻ decomposition in soils, and indicate that small concentrations of the gas may be produced in N–fertilized soils in which NO₂⁻ accumulates.  相似文献   

Interaction of methyl nitrite with the inorganic and organic fractions of soils     

A. M. T. MAGALHÃES  P. M. CHALK 《European Journal of Soil Science》1989,40(2):349-358

The reactions of methyl nitrite (CH₃ONO), a gaseous product of NO^?₂ decomposition in soils, were studied by exposure of soils in closed vessels to the gas. The N transformations occurring in soils at different soil-water states were assessed by measuring CH₃ONO and other gaseous forms of N in the gas space, soil inorganic N (NH₄⁺, NO^?₂, NO₃^?) and incorporation of CH₃O¹⁵NO into the soil organic N fraction. The initial rate of uptake of CH₃ONO increased with decreasing soil-water content, but the rate of hydrolysis decreased as soil-water content decreased below – 33kPa matric potential. Uptake was not affected by y-irradiation of soils. Adsorption isotherms conformed to the Langmuir equation in each of 22 oven-dry soils studied. Langmuir adsorption maxima were positively correlated with the clay contents of the soils, and adsorption was reversible to some extent at all soil-water states. Small amounts of added CH₃ONO were recovered as N₂ and N₂O and as ¹⁵NH₄⁺ in γ-irradiated soils. From 60 to 72% of added CH₃O¹⁵NO was recovered by Kjeldahl digestion; this was indicative of a chemical reaction with soil organic matter. The results suggest that the physical process of adsorption of CH₃ONO by clay minerals and the chemical fixation of CH₃ONO by soil organic matter are key factors controlling the atmospheric concentration of CH₃ONO, and that the combined effect of these processes, together with hydrolysis in the soil solution, will inhibit the emission of CH₃ONO formed in N-fertilized soils.  相似文献   

Homogeneous Linewidths in the Optical Spectrum of a Single Gallium Arsenide Quantum Dot   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D Gammon  ES Snow  BV Shanabrook  DS Katzer  D Park 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5271):87-90

The homogeneous linewidths in the photoluminescence excitation spectrum of a single, naturally formed gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dot have been measured with high spatial and spectral resolution. The energies and linewidths of the homogeneous spectrum provide a new perspective on the dephasing dynamics of the exciton in a quantum-confined, solid-state system. The origins of the linewidths are discussed in terms of the dynamics of the exciton in zero dimensions, in particular, in terms of lifetime broadening through the emission or absorption of phonons and photons.  相似文献