Differentiation and functional connection of vascular elements in compatible and incompatible pear/quince internode micrografts     

Espen L  Cocucci M  Sacchi GA 《Tree physiology》2005,25(11):1419-1425

Micrografts of internodes excised from in vitro grown pear plants (Pyrus communis L. cv. 'Bosc' (B) and cv. 'Butirra Hardy' (BH)) and quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill. East Malling clone C (EMC)), were cultured aseptically to test the effectiveness of their functional vascular reconnection in relation to incompatibility-compatibility relationships that these genotypes exhibit in the field. The incompatible heterograft (B/EMC) showed a marked delay in internode cohesion compared with the autografts (both B/B and BH/BH) and the compatible heterograft (BH/EMC). Even when fused, the translocation of [14C]-sorbitol from upper to lower internode was lower in B/EMC micrografts than in the other combinations. Epifluorescence studies performed with carboxyfluorescin, a specific phloem probe, indicated that the limited translocation was caused by a delay in the establishment of functional phloem continuity between the two internodes. In the B/EMC combination, new differentiated tracheary elements (TE) in the parenchyma tissue at the graft interface between the two internodes were not detected until 30 days after grafting, whereas in the BH/EMC heterograft and both autografts, new xylem connections appeared to cross the interface 20 days after grafting. Immunohistochemical detection (terminal nick-end labeling assay) of the number of cells undergoing nuclear DNA fragmentation at the graft interface confirmed that the limited and delayed TE differentiation in B/EMC heterografts was associated with a decrease in the activity of programmed cell death processes involved in the differentiation of TE.  相似文献   

Pollen morphology as fertility predictor in hybrid tea roses     

Luca Pipino  Marie-Christine Van Labeke  Andrea Mansuino  Valentina Scariot  Annalisa Giovannini  Leen Leus 《Euphytica》2011,178(2):203-214

Fertility of hybrid tea roses is often reduced due to their interspecific origin but also to intensive inbreeding. New genotypes used as pollen donors represent an economic risk for a breeding programme, as their influence on seed production is unknown. In this study 11 cut rose genotypes were selected from a company database as high fertile or low fertile male parents, according to the number of seeds per hybridisation. Pollen morphology and in vitro germination of the selected genotypes were characterised. Pollen was either small (mean diameter <30 μm), shrunken, and irregular (abnormal), or large (mean diameter >30 μm), elliptical and crossed by furrows (normal). High correlations were found between the number of seeds produced per hybridisation and the pollen diameter (r = 0.94) or the percentage of normal pollen (r = 0.96). In order to evaluate the predictive power of the models, we conducted regression analyses and performed a validation experiment on genotypes not present in the database and without background information on fertility. Pollen diameter and percentage of normal pollen were characterised and fitted in the regression models for seed set predictions. Validation with an independent dataset gave a good prediction for 83.3% of the data. This indicates that using either the mean pollen diameter or the percentage of normal pollen resulted in effective fertility prediction. This tool could enhance the genetic variability in crossings between hybrid tea roses, thus creating possibilities for less economically risky exploitation of new tetraploid genotypes as male parents.  相似文献   

Celiac-related properties of chemically and enzymatically modified gluten proteins     

Berti C  Roncoroni L  Falini ML  Caramanico R  Dolfini E  Bardella MT  Elli L  Terrani C  Forlani F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2482-2488

The effects of chemical (acid-heating treatment) and enzymatic (microbial transglutaminase, TGase) modification (deamidation) of gluten proteins on their physicochemical and celiac disease-related properties were studied. Ammonia release, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and sample solubility analyses were employed to check the extent of gluten modification. Among different treatments achieved, the acid-heating treatment performed at 90 degrees C for 3 h induced gluten deamidation, paralleling an increase of gluten solubility without relevant proteolysis. Changes in the immunoreactivity of celiac IgA anti-gliadin antibodies (AGAs) to modified gluten proteins were detected by using a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Chemical deamidation by acid-heating treatment of gluten lowered IgA-AGA immunoreactivity. IgA-AGA immunoreactivity to gliadins was increased when they were submitted to TGase-catalyzed deamidation. The acid-heating treatment of gluten reduced its cytotoxic activity on human colon adenocarcinoma LoVo cell line. These results showed that chemical deamidation of gluten may be envisaged as a way to lower the potential risk for celiac people due to widespread use of gluten as a food additive.  相似文献   

A convenient route to the synthesis of isotopomeric dihydro-2(3H)furanones     

Frediani P  Rosi L  Frediani M  Bartolucci G  Bambagiotti-Alberti M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):3877-3883

A general synthetic procedure leading to isotopomeric dihydro-2(3H)furanones (gamma-butyrolactones) containing two, four, or six deuterium atoms has been developed. The labeled dihydro-2(3H)furanones were synthesized in quantitative yield from the saturated diacid C4 (succinic) or unsaturated diacids C4 (fumaric, maleic, or acetylendicarboxylic) in the presence of Ru4H4(CO)8(PBu3)4 using a deuterium pressure of 180 bar at 180 degrees C. This methodology was applied to the total synthesis of a hexadeuterated matairesinol lignan: The 3,4-bis[[3-methoxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methyl]dihydro-2(3H)furanone-[7,7',8,8',9',9'-D6] (benzyl-protected matairesinol-D6) was fully characterized.  相似文献   

One-step triplex-polymerase chain reaction assay for the authentication of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye (Thunnus obesus), and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tuna DNA from fresh, frozen, and canned tuna samples     

Michelini E  Cevenini L  Mezzanotte L  Simoni P  Baraldini M  De Laude L  Roda A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(19):7638-7647

A one-step triplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed to discriminate between three tuna species, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus, and Katsuwonus pelamis, even in highly processed food samples such as canned or cooked tuna. Diagnostic nucleotides were identified by direct sequencing and alignment of part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 30 authenticated exemplars, which allowed us to evaluate intraspecific variation and the genetic distance between three tuna species. The assay relies on a one-step triplex-PCR reaction in which in a single tube species-specific amplification products are generated only in the presence of the correct template nucleic acid and the species of origin of the DNA is indicated by the distinctive size of the PCR product. The identification of tuna species can be performed with a good accuracy, low cost, and with potential automation for large-scale high-throughput screenings in small in-house laboratories.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of Cuban propolis by HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, and NMR: the brown, red, and yellow Cuban varieties of propolis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cuesta-Rubio O  Piccinelli AL  Fernandez MC  Hernández IM  Rosado A  Rastrelli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7502-7509

Sixty-five samples of propolis were collected from eleven regions of Cuba; methanolic extracts of propolis were prepared from all samples, and a classification method was developed using a combination of NMR, HPLC-PDA, and HPLC-ESI/MS techniques. The analysis of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra and chromatographic profiles of all propolis extracts allowed the definition of three main types of Cuban propolis directly related to their secondary metabolite classes: brown Cuban propolis (BCP), rich in polyisoprenylated benzophenones, red Cuban propolis (RCP), containing isoflavonoids as the main constituents, and yellow Cuban propolis (YCP), probably with aliphatic compounds. Subsequently, the principal compounds of the brown and red types were characterized by HPLC-ESI/MS analysis. Instrumental techniques used are complementary; NMR was shown to be a quick and informative tool for the rapid analysis of crude propolis polar extracts and allowed the identification of the main class of secondary metabolites, while LC-PDA and LC-MS techniques were useful tools for qualitative and quantitative analysis of marker compounds of Cuban propolis.  相似文献   

Use of s-100 and chromogranin a antibodies as immunohistochemical markers on detection of malignancy in aortic body tumors in dog     

Aresu L  Tursi M  Iussich S  Guarda F  Valenza F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(11):1229-1233

To define the characteristics of malignancy we performed routine histology and an immunohistochemical study on seventeen aortic body tumors in dogs. We essayed tumors using a panel of immunohistochemical markers: neuron specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CrA) and S-100. Among 17 cases, the neoplastic cells were positive for NSE (17 cases, 100%), S-100 (9 cases, 53%), and CrA (8 cases, 47%), respectively. The sustentacular cells density and chief cell staining intensity were both inversely related to tumor grade. The most relevant data was consistent with a negative staining of S-100 correlated with absence or decreased number of sustentacular cells in tumors grade III. This report indicates that the immunohistochemical panel has utility for the diagnosis of chemodectoma and the negative staining to CrA and S-100 markers in tumors grade III expresses an indication of malignant behaviour of the tumor.  相似文献   

A long-period, violently variable X-ray source in a young supernova remnant     

De Luca A  Caraveo PA  Mereghetti S  Tiengo A  Bignami GF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5788):814-817

Observations with the Newton X-ray Multimirror Mission satellite show a strong periodic modulation at 6.67 +/- 0.03 hours of the x-ray source at the center of the 2000-year-old supernova remnant RCW 103. No fast pulsations are visible. If genetically tied to the supernova remnant, the source could either be an x-ray binary, composed of a compact object and a low-mass star in an eccentric orbit, or an isolated neutron star. In the latter case, the combination of its age and period would indicate that it is a peculiar magnetar, dramatically slowed down, possibly by a supernova debris disc. Both scenarios require nonstandard assumptions about the formation and evolution of compact objects in supernova explosions.  相似文献   

Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy and surgery as a treatment for anal furunculosis     

Klein A  Deneuche A  Fayolle P  Hidalgo A  Scotti S  Zylberstein L  Desbois C  Tessier D  Moissonnier P  Viateau V 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2006,35(8):759-768

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of combining preoperative immunosuppressive therapy with surgical excision for treatment of anal furunculosis (AF) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Dogs (n=25) with stages 1-4 AF. METHODS: Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy was either cyclosporine A (CyA) alone or in combination with ketoconazole (Group 1; n=18), or azathioprine combined with prednisolone (Group 2; n=7). Surgical excision of residual draining tracts, cryptectomy, and anal sacculectomy were performed. Only dogs with postoperative clinical follow-up exceeding 9 months were retained for the study. RESULTS: Both immunosuppressive protocols were effective in reducing progression of AF. Subsequent draining tracts excision, cryptectomy, and anal sacculectomy were bilateral (12 dogs) or unilateral (13 dogs of which 4 had bilateral anal sacculectomy). Postoperative recovery was uneventful, except for 2 dogs that had wound breakdown. Recurrence was not observed in any of the dogs that had bilateral surgical excision and or in 9 dogs that had unilateral excision. CONCLUSION: Preoperative immunosuppressive therapy, combined with bilateral surgical resection of affected tissue consistently, resulted in resolution of AF. Four dogs that had recurrence had unilateral excision despite initial bilateral involvement, suggesting that all diseased tissue should be excised. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These preliminary results suggest that immunosuppressive therapy before surgical excision for AF yields minimizes recurrence in dogs.  相似文献   

Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Shindell D  Kuylenstierna JC  Vignati E  van Dingenen R  Amann M  Klimont Z  Anenberg SC  Muller N  Janssens-Maenhout G  Raes F  Schwartz J  Faluvegi G  Pozzoli L  Kupiainen K  Höglund-Isaksson L  Emberson L  Streets D  Ramanathan V  Hicks K  Oanh NT  Milly G  Williams M  Demkine V  Fowler D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6065):183-189

Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to both degraded air quality and global warming. We considered ~400 emission control measures to reduce these pollutants by using current technology and experience. We identified 14 measures targeting methane and BC emissions that reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C by 2050. This strategy avoids 0.7 to 4.7 million annual premature deaths from outdoor air pollution and increases annual crop yields by 30 to 135 million metric tons due to ozone reductions in 2030 and beyond. Benefits of methane emissions reductions are valued at $700 to $5000 per metric ton, which is well above typical marginal abatement costs (less than $250). The selected controls target different sources and influence climate on shorter time scales than those of carbon dioxide-reduction measures. Implementing both substantially reduces the risks of crossing the 2°C threshold.  相似文献