Genetic studies regarding the control of seed pigmentation of an ancient European pointed maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) rich in phlobaphenes: the “Nero Spinoso” from the Camonica valley     

Elena Cassani  Daniel Puglisi  Enrico Cantaluppi  Michela Landoni  Luca Giupponi  Annamaria Giorgi  Roberto Pilu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(4):761-773

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Molecular characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xiphinema brevicollum</Emphasis> (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from the Czech Republic     

Shesh Kumari  Wilfrida Decraemer  Francesca De Luca 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,128(2):243-250

Populations of Xiphinema brevicollum occurring in the Czech Republic were described morphologically and molecularly. Published species-specific primer set BL18 and BV3 was used to amplify three populations of X. brevicollum from the Czech Republic. These primers were tested against 9 species of Xiphinema and 11 species of Longidorus. Amplification was also observed for X. inaequale, X. italiae and X. lambertii. Three additional markers, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, ribosomal D2/D3 expansion segment of the 28S gene and 18S gene, were amplified and sequenced for X. brevicollum, X. inaequale and X. lambertii belonging to X. americanum-group. Comparison of cox1 sequences of X. brevicollum from the Czech Republic with X. taylori from the Slovak Republic (accession number AM086702) suggested that these populations represent the same species.  相似文献   

Integrated sustainability assessment of cropping systems with agro-ecological and economic indicators in northern Italy     

Nicola Castoldi  Luca Bechini 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(1):59-72

The sustainability of agricultural systems is frequently evaluated with indicators, which are synthetic variables describing complex systems. Each indicator deals with one aspect of sustainability (e.g. nutrients, pesticides, energy), and therefore the result of a complete assessment usually includes several indicator values. These values are frequently presented separately, while an integrated evaluation could benefit from the calculation of a single sustainability index. The aim of this work was to integrate 15 economic and environmental indicator values into a global sustainability index (S_g) ranging from 0 to 1.To calculate the indicators, we used a large data set of cropping systems management for 131 fields cultivated with arable crops in northern Italy, obtained through periodic interviews with farmers over a 2-year period. The fields were chosen to represent the main cropping systems in the area (cereals and forages, on animal and cereal farms). The 15 indicators describe a large variety of sustainability aspects, i.e. the economic performance and the management of energy, nutrients, soil, and pesticides.The indicator values were first converted into a sustainability score (S_i; 0–1) applying continuous non-linear sustainability functions that use thresholds defining what is sustainable, unsustainable, or intermediate. We obtained 15 values of S_i per each field, which we aggregated into S_g using indicator-specific weights provided by different stakeholders. This procedure permits not only the single indicators evaluation, but also to combine indicators for an assessment of cropping systems at field level.Permanent meadows, due to good management of soil, pesticides and nutrients, obtained the highest S_g, even when different weights were used. Continuous rice obtained the lowest S_g (due to unsatisfactory soil management, low energy production, and high pest and weed pressure, which involved a large use of pesticides), while maize was intermediate, with good economic and energetic performance.The methodology allows a transparent, repeatable, sound, and quantitative evaluation of sustainability of agricultural systems. It can be easily expanded by adding other indicators, and can be tailored by changing the thresholds used to calculate S_i and the weights assigned by stakeholder groups.  相似文献   

The effects of two different light intensities on the production and behavioural traits of Italian heavy pigs     

Martelli G  Boccuzzi R  Grandi M  Mazzone G  Zaghini G  Sardi L 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2010,123(11-12):457-462

Eighty Italian heavy pigs having an initial body weight of about 75 kg were allotted to two experimental groups: a low light intensity group (LL), in which pigs received the lowest level of illumination mandatory in piggeries (40 lux) and a high light intensity group (HL), in which pigs were exposed to a higher level of illumination (80 lux). For both groups the light phase lasted 12 hours per day. Pigs were slaughtered at about 160 kg body weight. Light intensity showed to have no effects on the growth traits, carcass parameters or neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of heavy. With the exception of drinking (more frequently observed among LL pigs; P < 0.01) and sternal recumbency (more frequently observed among pigs belonging to HL group; P < 0.01), the behavioural observations, carried out on 20 pigs per group, indicated that light intensity did not affect the main behavioural traits of pigs. Agonistic interactions were significantly higher (P < 0.05) among pigs receiving a lower level of illumination (40 lux; LL group) and pigs exposed to the higher level of illumination (80 lux; HL group) showed a tendency (P < 0.1) towards a higher proportion of tactile social interactions. Our results confirm that a proper illumination level can be included among environmental conditions having a positive effect in order to preserve swine welfare.  相似文献   

In vitro antimicrobial activity of a commercial ear antiseptic containing chlorhexidine and Tris–EDTA     

Luca Guardabassi  Giovanni Ghibaudo  Peter Damborg 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(3):282-286

Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of a commercial ear antiseptic containing chlorhexidine 0.15% and Tris–EDTA (Otodine^®) were determined by broth microdilution for 150 isolates representing the most common pathogens associated with canine otitis. The microorganisms were classified into three groups according to their levels of susceptibility. The most susceptible group included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis, Streptococcus canis and Corynebacterium auriscanis, which were generally killed by 1 : 64 dilution of the antiseptic product (MBC = 23/0.8 μg/mL of chlorhexidine/Tris–EDTA). The most resistant organism was Proteus mirabilis, which survived up to 1 : 8 dilution of the product (MBC = 375/12 μg/mL). Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus displayed intermediate MBCs ranging between 188/6 and 47/1.5 μg/mL. Interestingly, S. pseudintermedius was more susceptible than S. aureus, and no significant difference was observed between meticillin‐resistant and meticillin‐susceptible isolates within each species, indicating that antiseptic use is unlikely to co‐select for meticillin resistance. Although the concentrations required for killing (MBCs) varied considerably with microorganism type, the combination of chlorhexidine 0.15% and Tris–EDTA was active against all the pathogens most commonly involved in canine otitis.  相似文献   

Should the domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) be considered in the epidemiology of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 infection?     

Maria Teresa Scicluna  Andrea CaprioliGiorgio Saralli  Giuseppe MannaAntonino Barone  Antonella CersiniGiusy Cardeti  Renato Ugo CondoleoGian Luca Autorino 《Veterinary microbiology》2010

Only limited information is available on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in domestic buffalos. In this study, a virulent BoHV-1 field strain isolated from cattle was inoculated into buffaloes to evaluate their susceptibility to the virus and to investigate the establishment of viral latency through clinical, virological and serological investigations. Latency was also studied by attempting viral reactivation using pharmacological induction. Six of seven male, 5 months old buffaloes were intranasally inoculated with BoHV-1; the other animal was kept as negative control. The animals were clinically monitored during the post-infection (P.I.) and the post-pharmacological induction (P.P.) periods. During these periods, nasal and rectal swabs, and blood samples, with and without anticoagulant, were collected at 2–3 day intervals. On culling the animals, 206 days P.I., their trigeminal ganglia and tonsils were collected. No clinical signs referable to BoHV-1 were observed throughout the experimental period. However, seropositivity was detected in all infected animals within day 20 P.I., using BoHV-1 glycoprotein E and glycoprotein B competitive ELISAs (IDEXX) and virus neutralisation test. In real-time PCR (RT-PCR), five of these animals were positive, at least once, for nasal or rectal swabs, during the P.I. period. The sixth infected animal was found positive only in the trigeminal ganglia after culling. Ganglia were also positive for two other animals. Virus isolation in permissive cell-lines was successful for a part of the RT-PCR positive samples. The detected viruses were confirmed by genetic analysis as identical to the inoculated strain. No evidence of infection was observed in the negative control. This study represents the first experimental transmission of BoHV-1 in buffaloes, confirming their susceptibility to infection and their possible role as host/reservoirs of BoHV-1.  相似文献   

Evaluation of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from dogs     

Meucci  V.  Vanni  M.  Guardabassi  L.  Moodley  A.  Soldani  G.  Intorre  L. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):79-82

Methicillin and multi-drug resistance were investigated in 136 Staphylococcus intermedius strains of canine origin. The large majority of isolates were found to be mecA-negative by polymerase chain reaction, whereas only four strains were positive for the mecA gene. All mecA-positive strains were confirmed as methicillin-resistant by complementary tests, except for oxacillin disk diffusion, which yielded one false-negative result. A significantly higher resistance to fusidic acid, lincosamides, and cotrimoxazole was observed in methicillin-resistant S. intermedius (MRSI) compared with methicillin-susceptible strains. Although the prevalence of MRSI in dogs appeared to be low, methicillin resistance was confirmed to be associated with multi-drug resistance, suggesting the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of canine S. intermedius strains.  相似文献   

An AFLP-based assessment of the genetic diversity within Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and its place within the Hibiscus genus complex     

Luca Braglia  Simona Bruna  Sergio Lanteri  Antonio Mercuri  Ezio Portis 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Species within the genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae) are herbaceous or woody plants, annuals or perennials. Within the genus, most of the domesticated species are grown as ornamentals, and the most widely exploited is Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, which is particularly variable with respect to flower colour and shape. H. rosa-sinensis is thought to have originated following hybridization between two species complexes endemic to different geographic locations.  相似文献   

Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits     

Luca Rotolo  Francesco Gai  Silvana Nicola  Ivo Zoccarato  Alberto Brugiapaglia  Laura Gasco 《农业科学学报》2013,12(11):1937-1945

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.  相似文献   

Perturbation of the EphA2-EphrinA1 System in Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Colonic (Poly)phenol Catabolites     

Tognolini M  Giorgio C  Hassan Mohamed I  Barocelli E  Calani L  Reynaud E  Dangles O  Borges G  Crozier A  Brighenti F  Del Rio D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(36):8877-8884

The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands play a central role in human cancer as their deregulated expression induces tumorigenesis with aggressive phenotypes. To evaluate their potential contribution to EphA2-ephrinA1 modulation, several colonic catabolites of dietary (poly)phenolics, known to be generated in vivo, were screened using an ELISA-based binding assay. Some of the catabolites inhibited the binding in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) values from 0.26 to 43 μM). Functional studies on prostate adenocarcinoma cells revealed that pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid specifically antagonized ephrinA1-Fc-induced EphA2 phosphorylation at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The active concentrations of pyrogallol appear to be close to what can be reached in vivo under physiological conditions. Finally, because of the roles played by the Eph-ephrin system not only in cancer development but also in neurodegeneration and diabetes, pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid are candidates for more detailed functional studies to elucidate their role in these pathophysiological processes.  相似文献