Discrimination between Icelandic cod (Gadus morhua L.) populations from adjacent spawning areas based on otolith growth and shape     

Groa Petursdottir  Gavin A. Begg  Gudrun Marteinsdottir   《Fisheries Research》2006,80(2-3):182-189

Studies on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) have demonstrated extensive variation in life history characteristics among populations exposed to different environmental conditions. In Iceland, cod sampled from adjacent spawning areas, within the main spawning area at the southwest coast, exhibit variation in vital life history characteristics. In this study, we investigated the stock structure of Icelandic cod on the main spawning grounds to discriminate between these adjacent spawning groups by using otolith growth and shape. Otolith growth was based on annual increment width estimated for the major age groups (6–7 year olds) of the spawning stock. Otolith shape was determined using Fourier analysis and compared among cod sampled from the different spawning areas with stepwise canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). We found significant differences in growth and otolith shape between adjacent spawning groups of cod where those sampled close to the coast differed from those that were sampled further out on the bank and continental shelf. Our results suggest that these cod may belong to different populations and the large and fast growing cod spawning in the coastal area may need special protection given their significance to the overall productivity of the stock.  相似文献   

满足全球需要的水土保持技术与方法综述     

H.P.Liniger  Dennis Cahill  Will Critchley  Donald Thomas  G.W.J.van Lynden  Gudrun Schwilch 《中国水土保持》2002,(7)

在全球水土保持方法与技术综述 (ＷＯＣＡＴ)计划中 ,为充分利用已有的水土保持知识 ,特将各地优秀的水土管理知识记录下来并用于交流。为了共享这些知识 ,必须有共同的工具和共同的语言。此前 ,没有全球统一的水土保持技术和方法术语 ,即没有全球认可的系统分类学和术语学 ,相  相似文献   

Evaluation of oral fluids for surveillance of foodborne and zoonotic pathogens in pig farms     

Franziska Schott  Karolin Hoffmann  Eleonora Sarno  Patrick D. Bangerter  Roger Stephan  Gudrun Overesch  Michael Haessig  Xaver Sidler  Robert Graage 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(4):655

The use of oral fluid (OF) to detect zoonotic pathogens in pigs has been only scarcely assessed. We evaluated OF as a potential specimen for detection by culture of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Yersinia enterocolitica, and the detection of antibodies against Salmonella spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV) using commercial ELISAs. Samples from 33 pig farms were collected at the beginning and end of the fattening period. Results of the OF samples were compared with the results of serum samples and nasal swabs from individual pigs and pen floor fecal samples, using the Cohen kappa (κ) and the McNemar test. For Salmonella spp. antibodies, OF samples were negative, although the corresponding serum samples were positive. The detection of HEV antibodies in sera and OF had agreement at the first sampling, and poor and significant agreement at the second sampling (κ = 0.185, McNemar p = 0.238; κ = 0.088, McNemar p < 0.001). At both sampling times, the detection of MRSA in nasal swabs and OF showed agreement (κ = 0.466, McNemar p = 0.077; κ = 0.603, McNemar p = 1); agreement was seen for the detection of Y. enterocolitica in fecal and OF samples (κ = 0.012, McNemar p = 0.868; κ = 0.082, McNemar p = 0.061, respectively). According to the McNemar test, the use of pen-based OFs is more feasible for the detection of MRSA and Y. enterocolitica by culture than is detection of antibodies by commercial ELISA.  相似文献   

Characterization of volatile compounds in chilled cod (Gadus morhua) fillets by gas chromatography and detection of quality indicators by an electronic nose     

Olafsdottir G  Jonsdottir R  Lauzon HL  Luten J  Kristbergsson K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(26):10140-10147

Volatile compounds in cod fillets packed in Styrofoam boxes were analyzed during chilled storage (0.5 degrees C) by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-olfactometry to screen potential quality indicators present in concentrations high enough for detection by an electronic nose. Photobacterium phosphoreum dominated the spoilage bacteria on day 12 when the fillets were rejected by sensory analysis. Ketones, mainly 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, were detected in the highest level (33%) at sensory rejection, followed by amines (TMA) (29%), alcohols (15%), acids (4%), aldehydes (3%), and a low level of esters (<1%). The electronic nose's CO sensor showed an increasing response with storage time coinciding with the production of ethanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol that were produced early in the storage, followed by the production of 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal, 2,3-butandiol, and ethyl acetate. Lipid-derived aldehydes, like hexanal and decanal, were detected in similar levels throughout the storage time and contributed to the overall sweet odors of cod fillets in combination with other carbonyls (3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetaldehyde, 2-butanone, 3-pentanone, and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one).  相似文献   

Flavor characterization of ripened cod roe by gas chromatography, sensory analysis, and electronic nose     

Jonsdottir R  Olafsdottir G  Martinsdottir E  Stefansson G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(20):6250-6256

Characterization of the flavors of ripened roe products is of importance to establish a basis for a standardized product. Flavor profiles of commercially processed ripened roe from Iceland and Norway were studied by sensory analysis, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and an electronic nose to characterize the headspace of ripened roe. Sensory analysis showed that ripened roe odor and flavor in combination with caviar flavor and whey/caramel-like odor give the overall positive effect of the complex characteristic roe flavor. Analysis of volatiles by GC-MS and electronic nose confirmed the presence of aroma compounds contributing to the typical ripening and spoilage flavors detected by the sensory analysis. Methional, 1-octen-3-ol, and 2,6-nonadienal were the most important compounds contributing to ripened roe odor. Spoilage flavors were partly contributed by 3-methyl-1-butanol and 3-methylbutanal, which can be measured by the electronic nose and are suggested as quality indicators for objectively assessing the ripening of roe. Principal component analysis of the overall data showed that GC-O correlated well with sensory evaluation and the electronic nose measurements.  相似文献   

Evolution of green coffee protein profiles with maturation and relationship to coffee cup quality     

Montavon P  Duruz E  Rumo G  Pratz G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(8):2328-2334

Coffee flavor is the product of a complex chain of chemical transformations. The green bean has only a faint odor that is not at all reminiscent of coffee aroma. It contains, however, all of the necessary precursors to generate the unmistakable coffee flavor during roasting. The levels and biochemical status of these precursors may vary in relation to genetic traits, environmental factors, maturation level, postharvest treatment, and storage. To improve our understanding of coffee flavor generation, the sensory and biochemical impact of maturation was assessed. Maturation clearly favored the development of high-quality flavor in the coffee brew. A specific subclass of green coffee beans, however, generated high-quality coffee flavor irrespective of maturation. Biochemical aspects were examined using a dynamic system: immature and mature green coffee suspensions were incubated under air or argon. On the analytical side, a specific pool of flavor precursors was monitored: chlorogenic acids, green coffee proteins, and free amino acids. A link between maturation, the redox behavior of green coffee suspensions, and their sensory scores was identified. Compared to ripe beans, unripe beans were found to be more sensitive to oxidation of chlorogenic acids. Aerobic incubation also triggered the fragmentation or digestion of the 11S seed storage protein and the release of free amino acids.  相似文献   

Beobachtungen über Nebenfänge von Pheromonfallen im Obstbau     

Dipl.-Ing. agr. Gudrun Krause 《Journal of pest science》1985,58(4):68-70

Sticky traps baited with the synthetic sex pheromones ofLaspeyresia pomonella L.,Adoxophyes reticulana Hb.,Grapholitha funebrana Tr., andHedya nubiferana Haworth were operated in extensively cultivated orchards in the vicinity of Giessen, W.-Germany, in 1984. In addition to large numbers of the target species, males of other tortricids were captured. These species, belonging toCnephasia, Pammene, Laspeyresia andEpiblema, were attracted by the pheromone baits. Other non-target insects like honey bees and hover flies were captured most probably due to the white colour of the traps.  相似文献   

Quality assessment and quantitative analysis of flavonoids from tea samples of different origins by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS     

Sultana T  Stecher G  Mayer R  Trojer L  Qureshi MN  Abel G  Popp M  Bonn GK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(10):3444-3453

Components of green tea ( Camellia sinensis) have been of considerable interest in recent years because of their potential utility as pharmaceutical agents, particularly for their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activity. Responding to the increasing scientific validation of numerous health benefits of tea, a comprehensive approach was adopted to carry out analysis for the quality assessment of flavonoids in tea samples of different origins. For this purpose, extraction, separation, and mass spectrometric parameters were optimized. Extraction methods evaluated include reflux extraction, a modified accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), namely, Aquasolv extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using different percentages of solvents. Separation was performed by a specifically developed reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method using different C18 and C8 stationary phases. Optimization of extraction techniques clearly proved the performance of MAE, which delivered highest yields in a very short time. Additionally, the comparison with Aquasolv extraction provided new insights, as variations in quantified amounts of target compounds between the extracts could be explained on the basis of thermal degradation and epimerization phenomena. Especially the epimerization phenomenon for catechin/epicatechin oligomers, that is, of procyanidins P 2 and P 3, was observed for the first time. Finally, an optimized extraction and separation system was used for qualitative and quantitative investigations of compounds from different green tea samples from Ceylon (cultivated under biologically controlled conditions), Japan, India, and China as well as from one black tea sample from India.  相似文献   

Thermography as an early predictive measurement for evaluating epidural and femoral–sciatic block success in dogs     

Nina Küls  Karen J. Blissitt  Darren J. Shaw  Gudrun Schöffmann  Richard E. Clutton 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1198-1207

Objective

To evaluate skin temperature increase as an early predictive measure for evaluating epidural and femoral-sciatic block success in dogs.

Study design

Prospective clinical trial.

Animals

A total of 29 dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery on one hindlimb.

Methods

Dogs were anaesthetized and placed into lateral recumbency with the affected limb uppermost and the coat was clipped. Baseline infrared thermographic images (T0) of the affected limb, of the paw pad of the affected leg and of the ipsilateral paw pad were taken. Subsequently, dogs were administered either an epidural (EPI; n = 11) or a femoral–sciatic block (FS; n = 18) using bupivacaine 1 mg kg^?1. Then, 2 minutes after placement of the block, thermographic images were obtained every 3 minutes for a total of four measurements (T1–T4) and surgery was commenced. Rescue analgesia consisting of fentanyl 1 μg kg^?1 was administered if needed. A regional block was considered successful if the dose of fentanyl administered was less than the lower 95% confidence interval of the geometric mean of the total fentanyl used in each group. A ≥ 1 °C increase of skin temperature was considered as the minimum increase required for detection of a successful block.

Results

A total of 12 out of 18 blocks in the FS and eight of 11 in the EPI group were considered successful based on fentanyl consumption. Out of these, only four of 12 in the FS and one of eight in the EPI group developed an increase in temperature of ≥ 1 °C. Contrarily, four of six of the nonsuccessful cases in the FS and three of three in the EPI group developed an increase in temperature of ≥ 1 °C.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Contrary to reports in humans, thermography did not indicate regional block success prior to surgery in dogs. However further studies under more controlled conditions are needed to determine whether thermography can be used to indicate failure of regional blockade.  相似文献   

Long-time 3D CFD modeling of sedimentation with dredging in a hydropower reservoir     

Nils Reidar B. Olsen  Gudrun Hillebrand 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(9):3031-3040

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