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11.
Das SK Eder S Schauer S Diwoky C Temmel H Guertl B Gorkiewicz G Tamilarasan KP Kumari P Trauner M Zimmermann R Vesely P Haemmerle G Zechner R Hoefler G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6039):233-238
Cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome most common in patients with cancer that is characterized by the uncontrolled loss of adipose and muscle mass. We show that the inhibition of lipolysis through genetic ablation of adipose triglyceride lipase (Atgl) or hormone-sensitive lipase (Hsl) ameliorates certain features of cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the injection of Lewis lung carcinoma or B16 melanoma cells causes tumor growth, loss of white adipose tissue (WAT), and a marked reduction of gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, Atgl-deficient mice with tumors resisted increased WAT lipolysis, myocyte apoptosis, and proteasomal muscle degradation and maintained normal adipose and gastrocnemius muscle mass. Hsl-deficient mice with tumors were also protected although to a lesser degree. Thus, functional lipolysis is essential in the pathogenesis of CAC. Pharmacological inhibition of metabolic lipases may help prevent cachexia. 相似文献
12.
The objectives of the current studies included the characterization of the temporal changes in indices of folate status and amino acid concentrations during both folate depletion and repletion phases. In trial 1, a 6 week folate depletion protocol was employed, using 60 weanling rats assigned to receive an amino acid-defined diet with or without 1 mg/kg folic acid. A 4 week folate depletion period was judged to be optimal on the basis of the development of nadirs in both plasma and hepatic folate stores and elevated (>6-fold relative to folate-adequate controls) concentrations of plasma homocysteine and glycine. In trial 2, 54 weanling rats, previously maintained on a folate-devoid diet for 4 weeks, were assigned to receive 0.25 mg/kg folate as either crystalline folic acid or folate from a folate-enriched egg yolk powder. Both forms of folate supported similar rates of gain, increases in plasma and hepatic folate stores, and reductions in plasma glycine concentrations, whereas the folate in egg yolk powder lowered plasma homocysteine concentrations further than the crystalline folic acid (P < 0.05). These data support the use of both plasma glycine and homocysteine as sensitive response criteria for folate status in a rat bioassay of folate depletion and repletion and establish appropriate temporal end-points for such studies. 相似文献
13.
Teresa Millan Heather J. Clarke Kadambot H. M. Siddique Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla Pooran M. Gaur Jagdish Kumar Juan Gil Guenter Kahl Peter Winter 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):81-103
Summary Chickpea is a cool season grain legume of exceptionally high nutritive value and most versatile food use. It is mostly grown
under rain fed conditions in arid and semi-arid areas around the world. Despite growing demand and high yield potential, chickpea
yield is unstable and productivity is stagnant at unacceptably low levels. Major yield increases could be achieved by development
and use of cultivars that resist/tolerate abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years the wide use of early maturing cultivars
that escape drought stress led to significant increases in chickpea productivity. In the Mediterranean region, yield could
be increased by shifting the sowing date from spring to winter. However, this is hampered by the sensitivity of the crop to
low temperatures and the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei. Drought, pod borer (Helicoverpa spp.) and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum additionally reduce harvests there and in other parts of the world. Tolerance to rising salinity will be a future advantage
in many regions. Therefore, chickpea breeding focuses on increasing yield by pyramiding genes for resistance/tolerance to
the fungi, to pod borer, salinity, cold and drought into elite germplasm. Progress in breeding necessitates a better understanding
of the genetics underlying these traits. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) would allow a better targeting of the desired genes.
Genetic mapping in chickpea, for a long time hampered by the little variability in chickpea’s genome, is today facilitated
by highly polymorphic, co-dominant microsatellite-based markers. Their application for the genetic mapping of traits led to
inter-laboratory comparable maps. This paper reviews the current situation of chickpea genome mapping, tagging of genes for
ascochyta blight, fusarium wilt resistance and other traits, and requirements for MAS. Conventional breeding strategies to
tolerate/avoid drought and chilling effects at flowering time, essential for changing from spring to winter sowing, are described.
Recent approaches and future prospects for functional genomics of chickpea are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Dubois M Tarres A Goldmann T Loeffelmann G Donaubauer A Seefelder W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12291-12301
A method based on a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) extraction procedure combined with an additional cleanup by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on silica gel and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection has been validated for the analysis of seven glycidyl esters (GEs) including glycidyl laurate, myristate, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate in various edible oils. This method was conjointly developed and validated by two different laboratories, using two different detection systems, a LC time of flight MS (LC-ToF-MS) and a LC triple-quadrupole MS (LC-MS/MS). The extraction procedure allowed targeting low contamination levels due to a highly efficient matrix removal from the 400 mg oil sample loaded on the GPC column and is suitable for routine analysis as 24 samples can be extracted in an automated and reproducible way every 12 h. GPC extraction combined with SPE cleanup and LC-MS/MS detection leads to a limit of quantification in oil samples between 50 and 100 μg/kg depending on the type of glycidyl ester. Recoveries ranged from 68 to 111% (average = 93%). Quantification was performed by automated standard addition on extracts to compensate matrix effects artifacts. To control recoveries of each sample four isotopically labeled GEs ((13)C(3) or (13)C(4)) were included in the method. 相似文献
15.
系统地评价了 3个中国双低油菜与加拿大卡诺拉的商品饼粕与脱脂种籽的蛋白质、氨基酸、蔗糖、寡聚糖、饲粮总纤维和灰分等化学特性 ,并对饲粮总纤维的构成成分及加工的影响进行了研究。饲粮总纤维由非淀粉多糖、木质素和多酚、细胞壁蛋白质和矿物质组成。 3个中国双低菜粕的粗蛋白、蔗糖及必需氨基酸含量均接近或高于卡诺拉帕 ,但饲粮总纤维含量显著不同 ,尤其是蛋白质含量由于加工方式不同变异极大。在试验室条件下加工的脱脂种籽样品与相应的饼粕样品相比 ,蔗糖、赖氨酸和饲粮纤维含量变化显著。因此 ,改进双低油菜的加工技术是提高饼粕质量的关键 相似文献
16.
开展了单级G-M型脉管制冷机直流抑制实验研究,考察了直流流动对制冷机性能的影响,估算了不同制冷温度下制冷机循环的需气量,采用两个并联排列、指示箭头方向相反的阀门,称之为并联逆向双阀双向进气结构对直流进行抑制,成功地解决了传统单阀双向进气结构脉管制冷机存在的直流问题。在2kW(RW2)和4kW(CP4000)压缩机驱动时分别获得了18.4K和14.7K的最低制冷温度,对应在30K的制冷量为11.5W和29.5W。 相似文献
17.
不同微生物菌剂对豌豆生长和磷、锌利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
微生物菌剂(肥料)是根据生物固氮和有益微生物改善土壤肥力条件的原理,利用城乡有机废弃物作为可再物肥源. 相似文献
18.
Hengxiao Zhai Aaron J Cowieson Guenter Pappenberger Jingcheng Zhang Jinlong Wu 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)
The objective of this study was to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P as well as reproductive performance in late gestation and lactating sows supplemented with a novel phytase and to compare the response to phytase supplementation between late gestation and lactating sows. A total of 45 late gestation sows and 45 lactating sows were used in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, in a completely randomized design. The sows were provided with a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 187.5 or 375 FYT phytase/kg feed for 10 days. The diets were prepared according to the formulas in use for production but without any inorganic P supplement. Titanium dioxide was included at 3 g/kg feed as an indigestible marker. Each dietary treatment was replicated with 15 sows individually housed in farrowing stalls. The sows were allowed to adapt to the experimental diets for 5 days before a 5-d fecal collection by grab sampling, and the performance of the sows and their litters were measured until weaning. The results showed that the ATTD of Ca increased linearly (P < 0.001), while the ATTD of P increased both linearly and quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing supplementation of phytase in both late gestation and lactating sows. There was no significant effect of phytase on the ATTD of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and the performance of the sows and their progenies. The phytase added at 187.5 and 375 FYT/kg feed released 0.07% and 0.10% digested P, respectively, in late gestation sows, which compared with 0.09% and 0.12% digested P in lactating sows. In conclusion, a novel phytase at 187.5–375 FYT/kg feed could release 0.07–0.12% digestible P for sows. It appeared that using the P digestibility values of feed ingredients listed by NRC to formulate a diet for sows might overestimate dietary P supply and a greater response to phytase supplementation could be expected in lactating sows than in late gestation sows. 相似文献
19.
Zimmermann R Strauss JG Haemmerle G Schoiswohl G Birner-Gruenberger R Riederer M Lass A Neuberger G Eisenhaber F Hermetter A Zechner R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5700):1383-1386
Mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue requires lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy homeostasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. Here, we report that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. It is interesting that ATGL contains a "patatin domain" common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is highly expressed in adipose tissue of mice and humans. It exhibits high substrate specificity for triacylglycerol and is associated with lipid droplets. Inhibition of ATGL markedly decreases total adipose acyl-hydrolase activity. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinately catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals. 相似文献
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