The use of molecular fingerprinting techniques in environmental hygiene     

Beyer W  Böhm R 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1999,112(12):435-443

The analysis of epidemiological pathways for the transmission of pathogens via the environment is a fundamental task in the field of environmental hygiene. The task demands for a precise differentiation between isolates. This can be done by sophisticated techniques for differentiation which are based on phenotypic or genotypic features. The fingerprinting of DNA is a powerful tool in this context. A survey is given for different kinds of RFLP-analysis, plasmid profiling, and PCR fingerprinting as well regarding their principles, methodical variations and published applications. Notable limitations of the applications are also discussed.  相似文献   

Psammomatous cerebral intraventricular meningioma in a bull     

Eröksüz Y  Metin N  Ozer H  Yaman I  Cevik A 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(6):400-400

  相似文献   

The associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves          下载免费PDF全文

Martin SW  Nagy E  Armstrong D  Rosendal S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1999,40(8):560-7,570

Blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. Eleven groups were housed in feedlots in Ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in Alberta. Serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Mycoplasma dispar and M. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (BCV) from a previous study were investigated for their association with the risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and with 28-day weight change, both before and after controlling for titers to Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus. Exposure to IBRV and M. bovis was infrequent, and although exposure to PIV-3 was more common, none of these agents had important associations with BRD. Higher titers to BVDV, BRSV, and BCV on arrival were associated with reduced risks of BRD and increased weight gains. However, there was some variation in these relationships and higher arrival titers to BVDV and BRSV in a subset of the calves were associated with increased risks of BRD. Titer increases to BVDV were associated with a higher risk of BRD and lower weight gains. Titer increases to BRSV were not usually associated with the occurrence of BRD, but titer increases to BRSV in a subset of calves that were vaccinated against BRSV, on arrival, were associated with an elevated risk of BRD. Of all the agents studied, BVDV had the most consistent associations with elevated risk of BRD and lower weight gains. Higher BRSV arrival titers were related to lower risk of BRD and higher weight gains; in some instances titer increases to BRSV were associated with higher BRD risk. Higher titers to BCV on arrival were related to reduced risks of BRD. Practical ways of adequately preventing the negative effects of these agents are still needed.  相似文献   

Residues of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in meat     

Jemmi T  König M 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(3):109-113

Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in food may only be present in concentrations below a toxicologically approved level. To check the established limits laboratories depend on reliable methods: on the one hand rapid and inexpensive screening tests (biological and immunological methods), on the other hand rather costly but very specific chemical-analytical reference methods. The results of residue testing in a big slaughter plant are presented. Residues of antibiotics were mainly found in calves. The most frequently detected drugs were tetracyclines, sulfonamides and aminoglycosides.  相似文献   

A case of sesamoid bone fragmentation in the leg as the cause of lameness in a female Rottweiler     

Zabka A  Koch DA  Stöcklin P  Montavon PM 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》1999,141(4):195-201

An eight-month-old female rottweiler was presented with a history of intermittent lameness of the right hindlimb of 4 weeks duration. Radiographs showed a fragmentation in two plantar sesamoid bones of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Based on these clinical and radiographic signs sesamoid disease of the 2nd and 7th sesamoid bone in the right hindpaw was diagnosed. The fragmented sesamoids were surgically removed and histologically examined. The treatment was successful and the dog became lamnessfree. Additional radiographs showed fragmentations of sesamoid bones VII of both the forepaws, but they did not cause any lameness.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of sulphadiazine-trimethoprim in lactating dairy cows     

Kaartinen L  Löhönen K  Wiese B  Franklin A  Pyörälä S 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1999,40(3):271-278

Five Finnish Ayrshire cows in mid or end-lactation were treated with 40 mg sulphadiazine/kg and 8 mg trimethoprim/kg using intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes. Elimination of sulphadiazine was not affected by the route of administration (median t1/2 4.4-5.0 h) while elimination of trimethoprim was strongly limited by slow absorption from the injection site after s.c. and i.m. administration (median for apparent t1/2 21-25 h) compared to that after i.v. administration (median t1/2 1.2 h; p < 0.05). The median bioavailability of trimethoprim was also decreased, being 37% and 55% after s.c. and i.m. administration, respectively. When i.v. administration was used, trimethoprim concentration exceeded 0.1 mg/l in milk between 0.15-8 h while sulphadiazine concentrations above 2 mg/l were maintained from 0.5-2 h to 8 h. After s.c. and i.m. administration sulphadiazine in milk behaved similar to that after i.v. administration, while trimethoprim time-concentration curves were flat and trimethoprim concentrations were around 0.1 mg/l for an extended period of time (8-12 h). Median Cmax values in milk were only 0.07 mg/l and 0.10 mg/l for s.c. and i.m. administrations, respectively. After s.c. administration, 4 out of 5 cows showed signs of pain. After i.m. administration, 2 of the cows showed clear signs of pain and one had some local tenderness at the site of injection.  相似文献   

TGF-beta3 exists in bony fish     

Laing KJ  Pilström L  Cunningham C  Secombes CJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,72(1-2):45-53

A partial nucleotide sequence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) has been isolated from the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), confirming a ubiquitous presence in the ray-finned (Actinopterygian) bony fish. The bony fish TGF-beta3 is highly conserved, with some 83-84% nucleotide identity (coding region) and 90-95% predicted amino acid identity to known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. Far lower homologies are apparent with other known TGF-beta isoforms in fish (e.g. 64-66% and 81-82% amino acid identity to trout TGF-beta 1/5 and carp TGF-beta2 respectively). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the fish TGF-beta3's clustered with the known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. The relatively tight clustering of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 was in contrast to the TGF-beta5's, which are clearly a more heterogenous group.  相似文献   

Analysis of correlated continuous repeated observations: modelling the effect of ketosis on milk yield in dairy cows   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gröhn YT  McDermott JJ  Schukken YH  Hertl JA  Eicker SW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1999,39(2):137-153

This study used mixed models analysis to demonstrate the advantages of a repeated measures technique for a continuous variable over a single measure technique. As an illustration, the loss of milk yield due to ketosis was studied in 2604 multiparous New York State Holstein cows belonging to eight herds, calving between 1991 and 1993. Two methods of analysis were presented: The first treated milk yield as a continuous, summary measure (projected 305-day milk yield); the second treated milk yield as repeated measurements (test-day milk yields). In the first example, with 305-day milk yield as the outcome, ketosis was treated as a binary covariate. Ketosis had no effect on the 305-day milk yield. In the second example, with monthly test-day milk yields as the outcome, four different covariance structures (simple, compound symmetry, autoregressive, and unstructured) to model the association among the repeated measurements were compared. With this approach, ketotic cows yielded significantly less milk per day both before and immediately after diagnosis than did non-ketotic cows. Based on the goodness-of-fit statistics, it was unclear whether an autoregressive or unstructured covariance structure was best. However, an autoregressive structure, in which the previous and current test-day milk yields are assumed to be correlated, was considered more suitable in this study; it is a simpler and more appropriate covariance structure for this particular problem than is an unstructured covariance structure. Nevertheless, with the test-day approach, any of these correlation structures could be used to estimate milk loss after disease. Based on these findings, it is recommended that a repeated measures approach, rather than a single measure approach, be used to study the short-term effect of disease on milk yield.  相似文献   

Morphology,spatial arrangement and origin of macropores in some hapludalfs,West Germany     

R. Tippkötter 《Geoderma》1983,29(4):355-371

Twenty oriented blocks, roughly 10 cm along each edge, were collected from the Bv and C horizons of four Hapludalfs near Hannover (West Germany). At least two blocks were obtained from each horizon of each profile. The macropores (0.1–1 mm) in these blocks were then examined by micromorphological methods. The 3-dimensional arrangements of pores were observed by two approaches, viz., (1) preparing photographic sequences of successive polished sections obtained from the sample blocks and then stacking photographs to simulate pore geometry; (2) preparing resin casts of tubular pores.Examination of stacked photographs and the resin casts by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by electron-optical image analyses indicate interconnected systems of pores with the most frequently occurring diameters between 150 and 250 μm. Interconnections among pores are very similar in numbers throughout the Bv horizons.Comparisons of the diameters, branching, and tapering of macropores with similar features of plant roots suggest that most pores between 0.1 and 1 mm have been produced by roots. Some may be due to fauna, but all seem to have been of biological origin and are therefore considered biopores.  相似文献   

Ein neues Verfahren zum Nachweis der H2S-Produktion der Schweinerotlaufbakterien*     

F. Kemenes  Gy. Kucsera 《Zoonoses and public health》1967,14(5):402-407

  相似文献