Kinematic discrimination of ataxia in horses is facilitated by blindfolding          下载免费PDF全文

E. Olsen  N. FouchÉ  H. Jordan  T. Pfau  R. J. Piercy 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(2):166-171

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Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse          下载免费PDF全文

J. L. Rapson  H. C. Schott II  B. D. Nielsen  L. J. McCutcheon  P. A. Harris  R. J. Geor 《Equine veterinary journal》2018,50(5):690-696

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Questionnaire‐based Analysis of Owner‐reported Scratching and Pain Signs in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Screened for Chiari‐like Malformation and Syringomyelia          下载免费PDF全文

C.R. Sparks  S. Cerda‐Gonzalez  E.H. Griffith  B.D.X. Lascelles  N.J. Olby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):331-339

Background

Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) cause a pain syndrome in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Clinical signs are not consistently apparent on neurologic examination, and owner reporting of signs provides vital clinical history. However, owner questionnaires for this disease are not well developed.

Objectives

To develop a tool to capture owner‐reported clinical signs for use in clinical trials and to compare owner‐reported signs with the presence of pain on neurologic examination and SM on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Animals

Fifty client‐owned CKCS.

Methods

Owners completed a questionnaire and pain/scratch map. Each dog underwent a neurologic examination and craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Questionnaire responses were developed into scores, area of shading for pain/scratch maps was measured, and consistency of responses between these tools was assessed. Owner‐reported findings were compared with neurologic examination findings and presence and severity of SM on MRI.

Results

Thirty‐three dogs were symptomatic and 17 asymptomatic; 30 had SM. The most common sign of pain was crying out when lifted (n = 11). Extent of shaded areas on maps positively correlated with questionnaire scores for pain (r² = 0.213, P = 0.006) and scratch (r² = 0.104, P = 0.089). Owner‐reported findings were not significantly associated with presence or severity of SM or neurologic examination findings. Owner‐reported lateralization of signs was significantly associated with SM lateralization (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The questionnaire and maps may be useful for clinical trials. Lack of association of owner‐reported signs with SM highlights our lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of pain in this disease.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of Single Oral Dose Extended‐Release Levetiracetam in Healthy Cats          下载免费PDF全文

L. Barnard  H. Barnes Heller  D.M. Boothe 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):348-351

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Echocardiographic Estimates of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Dogs with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease          下载免费PDF全文

E.H. Chapel  B.A. Scansen  K.E. Schober  J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):64-71

Background

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction independently predicts outcomes in human myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). There is limited information regarding RV systolic function in dogs with MMVD.

Hypothesis

Right ventricular systolic function differs among stages of disease, decreasing in decompensated MMVD.

Animals

Thirty‐sixclient‐owned dogs with MMVD not receiving oral cardiovascular medications.

Methods

Prospective clinical study. Dogs were categorized according to disease severity as ACVIM Stage B1, B2, or C. Seven echocardiographic indices of RV systolic function were measured. Groups were compared by 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Frequencies of cases with cardiac remodeling falling outside previously established reference intervals were compared using Fisher's exact test. Intra‐ and interobserver measurement variability was calculated for each RV function index.

Results

The indices TAPSE (P = 0.029), RV St_L (P = 0.012), and RV StR_L (P = 0.041) were significantly different between groups. A greater proportion of B2 dogs (7 of 12) had TAPSE values above reference intervals compared with B1 (2 of 12) or C (2 of 12) dogs (P = 0.027). Measurement variability of TAPSE, RV S', and RV St_G was clinically acceptable.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Right ventricular systolic function differs between stages of MMVD, increasing in stage B2, and declining in stage C. The prognostic importance of RV function indices, particularly TAPSE, might be worth evaluating in dogs with MMVD.  相似文献   

Plasma NT‐proBNP and Cell‐Free DNA Concentrations after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise in Working Farm Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

H. Hunt  N. Cave  J. Bridges  K. Gedye  K. Hill 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):135-141

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Familial Congenital Methemoglobinemia in Pomeranian Dogs Caused by a Missense Variant in the NADH‐Cytochrome B5 Reductase Gene          下载免费PDF全文

H. Shino  Y. Otsuka‐Yamasaki  T. Sato  K. Ooi  O. Inanami  R. Sato  M. Yamasaki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):165-171

Background

In veterinary medicine, congenital methemoglobinemia associated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency is rare. It has been reported in several breeds of dogs, but little information is available about its etiology.

Objectives

To analyze the NADH‐cytochrome b5 reductase gene, CYB5R3, in a Pomeranian dog family with methemoglobinemia suspected to be caused by congenital b5R deficiency.

Animals

Three Pomeranian dogs from a family with methemoglobinemia were analyzed. Five healthy beagles and 5 nonrelated Pomeranian dogs without methemoglobinemia were used as controls.

Methods

Methemoglobin concentration, b5R activity, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration were measured, and a turbidity index was used to evaluate Heinz body formation. The CYB5R3 genes of the affected dog and healthy dogs were analyzed by direct sequencing.

Results

Methemoglobin concentrations in erythrocytes of the affected dogs were remarkably higher than those of the control dogs. The b5R activity of the affected dogs was notably lower than that of the control dogs. DNA sequencing indicated that this Pomeranian family carried a CYB5R3 gene missense variant (ATC→CTC at codon 194) that resulted in the replacement of isoleucine (Ile) by leucine (Leu).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This dog family had familial congenital methemoglobinemia caused by b5R deficiency, which resulted from a nonsynonymous variant in the CYB5R3 gene. This variation (c.580A>C) led to an amino acid substitution (p.Ile194Leu), and Ile194 was located in the proximal region of the NADH‐binding motif. Our data suggested that this variant in the canine CYB5R3 gene would affect function of the b5R in erythrocytes.  相似文献   

Effects of three short-term pasture allocation methods on milk production,methane emission and grazing behaviour by dairy cows     

A. Kidane  E. Prestløkken  K. Zaralis  H. Steinshamn 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2018,68(2):87-102

Two short-term grazing experiments were conducted with Norwegian Red cows. In Exp 1, 24 cows were randomly assigned to one of the following three pasture allocation methods (PAM): weekly pasture allowance (7RG), grazing 1/7 of 7RG each day (1SG), or grazing as 1SG but had access to grazed part of the paddock within one week (1FG). In Exp 2, 7RG was shortened to 5 days (5RG). We hypothesized that PAM will affect sward quality, quantity, intake and production differently. Pasture chemical composition changed with advancing grazing days but were not different between treatments. Pasture intake, milk yield, and methane emission were not affected by PAM. In Exp 1, 7RG cows spent less time on grazing, whereas in Exp 2, 1FG cows spent longer on grazing than others. Patterns observed in sward quality, and behavioural and physiological adaptations of cows to short-term changes in nutrient supply may explain the observed effects.  相似文献   

Barriers to and enablers of implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in veterinary practices          下载免费PDF全文

Laura Y. Hardefeldt  J. R. Gilkerson  H. Billman‐Jacobe  M. A. Stevenson  K. Thursky  K. E. Bailey  G. F. Browning 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(3):1092-1099

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Catheter‐associated venous air embolism in hospitalized horses: 32 cases          下载免费PDF全文

Nicholas J. Parkinson  Harold C. McKenzie  Michelle H. Barton  Jennifer L. Davis  Bettina Dunkel  Amy L. Johnson  Elizabeth S. MacDonald 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(2):805-814

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