Plasma and tissue angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease     

va Larouche‐Lebel  Kerry A. Loughran  Mark A. Oyama  Phil F. Solter  Danielle S. Laughlin  Melissa D. Snchez  Charles‐Antoine Assenmacher  Philip R. Fox  Ryan C. Fries 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(4):1571-1584

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Effects of Hiking at Moderate and Low Altitude on Cardiovascular Parameters in Male Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: Austrian Moderate Altitude Study     

Günther Neumayr  Dietmar Fries  Markus Mittermayer  Egon Humpeler  Anton Klingler  Wolfgang Schobersberger  Reinhard Spiesberger  Rochus Pokan  Peter Schmid  Robert Berent 《The Forestry Chronicle》2014,25(3):329-334

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Stem damage of lodgepole pine clonal cuttings in relation to wood and fiber traits,acoustic velocity,and spiral grain     

Anders Fries  Thomas Ulvcrona  Harry X. Wu  Johan Kroon 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(8):764-776

Eight clones from a 16-year-old field trial of clonal cuttings of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were analyzed for growth, growth pattern, and stem damage in the field. In addition, wood and fiber traits (acoustic velocity [AcVel] and spiral grain) were analyzed and wood density, microfibril angle, modulus of elasticity, and radial fiber diameter (FibDR) determined from SilviScan analyzes. Two clones with considerably more bent, broken, and leaning stems differed from the other clones in terms of microfibril angle and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in the outermost annual rings. FibDR and, to some extent, MOE in the outermost annual rings were negatively correlated with the frequency of bent, leaning, or broken stems, while microfibril angle (MFA) was positively correlated. AcVel was negatively correlated with both MFA and the frequency of bent, broken, and leaning stems. We conclude that AcVel could be used as an effective tool to predict severe stem damage and determine stem strength in the field instead of using costly lab-based SilviScan measurements of microfibril angle. If developed further, this approach could be used for large-scale screening of progeny tests when selecting for stem strength.  相似文献   

Vertical transmission of American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae) in honey bees (Apis mellifera)     

Fries I  Lindström A  Korpela S 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(3-4):269-274

The mode of transmission between hosts (horizontal versus vertical) of disease agents is important for determination of the evolution of virulence in pathogens. For disease management, it is imperative that the epidemiology of the disease is understood and pathogen transmission rates between hosts is a key factor for this understanding. Surprisingly little is known about transmission rates in honey bee pathology. We have studied the rate of vertical transmission of Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB) in honey bee colonies, as colonies reproduce by colony fission (swarming), by culturing for the spores from repetitive samples of adult bees. The results demonstrate vertical pathogen transmission to daughter swarms. The spore density declines over time in both mother colonies and daughter swarms if mother colonies do not exhibit clinical disease symptoms. Occasional positive samples more than a year post swarming, also in daughter swarms, indicate production of infectious spores from diseased larvae, without clinical disease observable by beekeepers, and/or maintenance of infective spores in the hive environment, allowing both horizontal and vertical transmission to be maintained. The results suggest that the virulence of AFB, being lethal at colony level in contrast to other bee diseases shaped by evolution, could be dependent on apicultural practices and that the pathogen probably would be maintained without causing frequent colony mortality in a natural system.  相似文献   

A cross-sectional study of Salmonella in pre-slaughter pigs in a production compartment of northern Thailand     

Dorn-In S  Fries R  Padungtod P  Kyule MN  Baumann MP  Srikitjakarn L  Chantong W  Sanguangiat A  Zessin KH 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,88(1):15-23

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and to associate management factors in fattening pigs in a production compartment of northern Thailand. A total of 194 fecal samples and 166 environmental samples were collected from 22 fattening pig herds for isolation and identification of Salmonella. An additional 427 serum samples were collected from the same herds to determine Salmonella antibodies using ELISA. A questionnaire was used to collect management factors likely to be associated with Salmonella identification. Prevalence of Salmonella in each sample and its confidence interval was adjusted for clustering by herds using linearization technique. A generalized estimating equation was used to determine the odds ratio and significance level for each management factor in a logistic regression model. Salmonella was found in all 22 study pig herds with a fecal sample prevalence of 63% (95%CI: 56-69%) and a serum sample prevalence of 72%. However, isolation results were not significantly different from ELISA results. The most isolated serotype was Salmonella Rissen (49%) followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (19%), Salmonella Stanley (12%) and Salmonella Weltevreden (4%) being significantly different in the different specimens collected (p=.024). The final logistic regression model with isolation results as outcome showed that medium herd size (OR=2.32, p=0.003), quality certification according to the Department of Livestock Development standard (OR=1.88, p=0.000), use of effective microorganisms (OR=1.51, p=0.022), slurry waste management (OR=2.17, p=0.000) and less number of pigs per pen (OR=1.12, p=0.000) were significantly associated with positive Salmonella isolation; with positive ELISA results, however, only the use of effective microorganisms was significantly associated (OR=2.63, p=0.011).  相似文献   

Modulation of neuronal interactions through neuronal synchronization     

Womelsdorf T  Schoffelen JM  Oostenveld R  Singer W  Desimone R  Engel AK  Fries P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5831):1609-1612

Brain processing depends on the interactions between neuronal groups. Those interactions are governed by the pattern of anatomical connections and by yet unknown mechanisms that modulate the effective strength of a given connection. We found that the mutual influence among neuronal groups depends on the phase relation between rhythmic activities within the groups. Phase relations supporting interactions between the groups preceded those interactions by a few milliseconds, consistent with a mechanistic role. These effects were specific in time, frequency, and space, and we therefore propose that the pattern of synchronization flexibly determines the pattern of neuronal interactions.  相似文献   

Graphite whiskers in CV3 meteorites     

Fries M  Steele A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5872):91-93

Graphite whiskers (GWs), an allotrope of carbon that has been proposed to occur in space, have been discovered in three CV-type carbonaceous chondrites via Raman imaging and electron microscopy. The GWs are associated with high-temperature calcium-aluminum inclusion (CAI) rims and interiors, with the rim of a dark inclusion, and within an inclusion inside an unusual chondrule that bears mineralogy and texture indicative of high-temperature processing. Current understanding of CAI formation places their condensation, and that of associated GWs, relatively close to the Sun and early in the condensation sequence of protoplanetary disk materials. If this is the case, then it is a possibility that GWs are expelled from any young solar system early in its history, thus populating interstellar space with diffuse GWs. Graphite whiskers have been postulated to play a role in the near-infrared (near-IR) dimming of type Ia supernovae, as well as in the thermalization of both the cosmic IR and microwave background and in galactic center dimming between 3 and 9 micrometers. Our observations, along with the further possibility that GWs could be manufactured during supernovae, suggest that GWs may have substantial effects in observational astronomy.  相似文献   

A force in american medicine: the sick citadel     

Fries JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4650):710-711

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Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction     

Schoffelen JM  Oostenveld R  Fries P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5718):111-113

Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.  相似文献   

Damage by pathogens and insects to Scots pine and lodgepole pine 25 years after reciprocal plantings in Canada and Sweden     

Anders Fries 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2017,32(6):459-472

A combined species – provenance – family experiment with Scots pine and lodgepole pine was planted in Canada and Sweden. One aim of the experiment was to evaluate the two species’ sensitivities to pathogens and insects 25 years after establishment in their non-native continents. In Canada, Scots pine had better average survival than lodgepole pine, but survival rates among trees from the best seed-lots were equal. In Canada only western gall rust infected Scots pine to some extent, and mountain pine beetles attacked and killed Scots pine more frequently than lodgepole pine. At one site in Sweden, lodgepole pine had higher survival rates than Scots pine, whether evaluated as an overall average or with data from only the best surviving seed-lots. At the other Swedish site, the species’ survival rates were equal, largely since moose damage was much more frequent on lodgepole pine than on Scots pine. Adaptation to local conditions seemed to be important in the resistance of stem breakage caused by heavy snowfalls. The exotic species generally seemed to resist the new threats, but more serious damage by mountain pine beetle on Scots pine than on lodgepole pine in Canada demonstrates possible drawbacks when using exotic species which are phylogenetically similar to native.  相似文献