RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS     

Peter F. Lord  BVSc  Richard R. Dubielzig  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1991,32(1):17-18

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Effect of 5 cm of Water Positive End-Expiratory Pressure on Arterial Oxygen Tension in Dogs During and After Thoracotomy     

TINA RUSTOMJEE BVSc  MS    ANN WAGNER DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVP  Diplomate ACVA  E. CHRISTOPHER ORTON DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(4):307-310

Thoracotomy in dogs often is associated with lower than expected arterial oxygen tensions (PaO₂). Pulmonary collapse from opening the thoracic cavity is likely to be responsible for decreased PaO₂ during thoracotomy. To examine whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is beneficial to dogs undergoing thoracotomy, PaO₂ and hemoglobin saturation (SaO₂) were measured in dogs randomly assigned to receive 5 cm of H₂O PEEP (n = 7) or no PEEP (n = 9). During surgery in both groups of dogs, PaO₂ progressively decreased ( P < .001), but the decrease in PaO₂ was significantly less in the PEEP group ( P = .027). In both groups, PaO₂ did not decrease enough to have a substantial effect on SaO₂. Furthermore, application of PEEP during thoracotomy did not prevent moderate hypoxemia after surgery and discontinuation of PEEP. Application of 5 cm of H₂O PEEP seems to attenuate the decrease in PaO₂ observed in dogs undergoing thoracotomy, but routine application of PEEP does not seem justified. ©  相似文献   

Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Acute Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Dog     

Jarod E. Williams DVM  Susan G. Hackner BVSc  MRCVS  DACVIM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(3):221-227

Objective: This report describes the perioperative management of a dog with a right adrenal pheochromocytoma that presented with acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension. Additionally, a summary of pheochromocytoma and the idiosyncrasies of perioperative management of a pheochromocytoma are provided.
Summary: A 7-year old male, neutered, Dalmation was presented for acute collapse, abdominal pain and tachycardia. Physical examination findings were consistent with hypoperfusion concurrent with multiple cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound revealed retroperitoneal effusion and a right adrenal mass intimately associated with the caudal vena cava. Incomplete right adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed a pheochromocytoma.
Unique information provided: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first definitive report of acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the initial clinical manifestation of histologically confirmed adrenal pheochromocytoma in the dog. ( J. Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(3): 221–227 )  相似文献   

Radiographic aspects of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John R.  Pascoe  BVSc  Timothy R.  O'Brien  DVM  PhD  John D.  Wheat  DVM  Dennis M.  Meagher  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1983,24(2):85-92

Abnormal pulmonary radiopacities were identified in 13 racing horses in which a diagnosis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) had been confirmed. The lesions were in the caudal lung lobe in all horses; seven were on the right and three on the left, and the laterality for three could not be determined. In ten horses the opacities, which were large and peripherally located, obliterated the thoracophrenic angle. They merged with the silhouette of the diaphragm and had a circular or ovoid surface directed toward the hilum. The intensity of opacification of the consolidated areas varied, and they often were not sharply marginated. Dorsal displacement of the pulmonary arteries was noted in the region of the radiopacity in seven horses. Varying volumes of pleural effusion were observed in nine horses. Serial radiographic examinations were performed in seven horses. The pulmonary radiopacities cleared within ten days in two horses. In the remaining five horses, gradual resolution, characterized by a reduction in lesion size with improved margination, occurred during several months. The central region of the radiopaque lesion commonly had a patchy appearance, suggesting cavitation. Normal pulmonary vascular and interstitial markings were evident following complete resolution of these lesions. The cause of these abnormal pulmonary opacities has not been determined. Pathologic-radiologic correlations will be required to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of EIPH in the racing horse.  相似文献   

Arthroscopic Removal of an Osteochondral Fragment from the Middle Phalanx of a Horse     

TIMOTHY B. VAIL DVM  C. WAYNE McILWRAITH BVSc  PhD  FRCVS  Dipiomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(4):269-272

An intraarticular osteochondral chip fracture of the distal dorsolateral aspect of the right hind middle phalanx in a 4-year-old Dutch Warmblood gelding was removed arthroscopically. Accessibility and visibility of the fragment were excellent, and there was minimal soft tissue trauma.  相似文献   

HYPERCALCEMIC NEPHROPATHY IN THREE DOGS: SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE     

Frances J.  Barr  MA VetMB  Mark W.  Patteson  MA  Vetmb  Vanda M.  Lucke  BVSc  PHD  Christine  Gibbs  BVSc  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(4):169-173

Persistent hypercalcemia in the dog is most commonly seen as a paraneoplastic syndrome or in association with widespread osteolytic lesions. In high concentrations calcium is a potent nephrotoxin and may cause severe and irreversible renal damage. The ultrasonographic changes in the kidneys of three dogs with hypercalcernic nephropathy are described'and compared with the changes described in the same human condition. It is suggested that ultrasound could be a useful technique for evaluation of the severity of renal damage and the potential return of renal function in such instances.  相似文献   

Thrombolytic Therapy in Dogs and Cats     

Mary F. Thompson BVSc ;    J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff MA  MS  Vet MB  Dip ACVIM;  Daniel F. Hogan DVM Dip ACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(2):111-121

Objective: To review the thrombolytic agents most commonly used in humans, their mechanisms of action, potential uses, adverse effects, and reports of their use in dogs and cats.
Human data synthesis: Thrombolytic agents avaliable in human medicine include streptokinase, urokinase, tissueplasminogen activator (t-PA), single-chain urokinase plasma activator (scu-PA) and anisoylated plasminogen-strep-tokinase activator complex (APSAC). These agents were originally used for the management of proximal deep vein thrombosis and severe pulmonary embolism but more recently, use of these drugs has been extended to include the treatment of acute peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke) and acute coronary thrombosis. The most predictable side effect associated with the use of thrombolytic therapy is hemorrhage.
Veterinary data synthesis: Clinical experience with thrombolytic agents in small animals is limited to streptokinase and t-PA. It is possible, that as in humans, canine and feline patients with PTE and right ventricular dysfunction may benefit from thrombolytic therapy but there are no veterinary studies to support this theory to date. Successful use of streptokinase has been documented in a small number of canine patients with systemic thromboembolism. ⁶³ Thrombolytic therapy is relatively efficacious in cats with aortic thromboemboli but is associated with a high mortality rate. ^59,60,64 With regard to use of t-PA in veterinary medicine, the small number of animals treated with varying protocols makes it impossible to provide safe and effective dose recommendations at this time.
Conclusions: Future goals for thrombolytic therapy in veterinary medicine include determination of more specific clinical indications, as well as design of effective protocols that minimize mortality and morbidity.  相似文献   

Dorsal Laminectomy in the Horse II. Evaluation in the Normal Horse     

ALAN J. NIXON BVSc  MS    TED S. STASHAK DVM  MS  DiplomateACVS    JAMES T. INGRAM DVM  MS    ROBERT W. NORRDIN DVM  PhD  DiplomateACVP    STEVEN B. COLTER DVM  DiplomateACVIM  JACK L. LEBEL DVM  PhD  DiplomateACVR 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1983,12(4):177-183

Subtotal dorsal cervical laminectomy was performed on nine normal horses to evaluate positioning, refine the surgical technique, and assess the immediate and long-term effects of this procedure in the horse. Funkquist type B laminectomies were performed at various levels from C3-C4 to C6-C7. Absorbable gelatin sponge or autogenous nuchal fat was placed over the exposed dura mater. Surgery times varied from 2 to 3 hours, and all horses recovered without complication. Rapid primary intention wound healing occurred, with two horses showing neck pain. All remained neurologically normal. The horses were euthanized 6 weeks, 3 months, or 6 months postoperatively. Myelograms performed just prior to euthanasia demonstrated normal or expanded dye column widths. Necropsy revealed that all surgical sites had healed well. The laminectomy membrane was soft and pliable and could be easily separated from the underlying dura mater when fat was used as interpositional material. When gelatin sponge was used, the laminectomy membrane was firmly bonded to the dura. Spinal cords at the level of laminectomy appeared normal and moved freely within the vertebral canal. Histological evaluation of the laminectomy sites and associated spinal cord revealed no abnormalities attributable to the surgery. It was concluded that dorsal cervical laminectomy can be performed in horses without untoward sequelae. The procedure may be useful for the treatment of equine cervical compressive myelopathies.  相似文献   

The Effect of Storage on Ammonia Concentration in Canine Packed Red Blood Cells.     

Lori S. Waddell DVM  DACVECC    David E. Holt BVSC  DACVS    Dez Hughes BVSc  MRCVS  DACVECC  Urs Giger PD  DR. med. vet.  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(1):23-26

Objective: To determine the effect of storage on ammonia concentration in canine packed red blood cell (pRBC) units.
Design: In vitro and in vivo study.
Setting: University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Interventions: Ammonia concentration was measured in 7 units of canine pRBC prepared in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and Adsol^a on Days 1 and 35 of storage. Ammonia was measured in 4 additional units of canine pRBC on Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Plasma ammonia was also determined in 5 anemic dogs receiving pRBC.
Measurements and Main Results: Ammonia concentration increased from 73 ± 15 mmol/L (mean ± SD) on Day 1 to 800 ± 275 mmpl/L on Day (p<0.001). When measured every 7 days in 4 units of canine pRBC, ammonia concentration increased from 23 ± 8 mmol/L on Day 0 to 179 ± 13 mmol/L (Day 7), 276 ± 56 mmol/L (Day 14). 383 ± 47 mmol/L (Day21), 466 ± 30 mmol/L (Day 28), and 562 ± 27 mmol/L (Day 35) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). In a preliminary study, plasma ammonia concentration measured in blood samples from 5 anemic dogs without primary liver disease immediately before and after transfusion with 5–10 ml/kg of stored pRBC remained in the normal reference range.
Conclusions: The ammonia concentration in stored canine pRBC increased markedly with time. In this preliminary study, ammonia concentrations in dogs without primary liver disease did not increase above the reference range after transfusion with pRBC.  相似文献   

MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES OF PEROSOMUS ("SHORT SPINE") IN FARMED SALMON (SALMO SALAR)     

Hans-Jöurgen  Hansen  DVM  PhD  Zerihune Tsigie  Yalew  BVSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(2):52-53

This study was done to characterize morphologically the spinal changes in stunted salmon, 1.5–2 years of age, spontaneously appearing in a Swedish fish farm. Radiographic examination and alizarin-alcian blue preparations showed compressed areas of the spine, most often near the dorsal fin. Of the average 50–52 vertebrae, 20–30 were often compressed, resulting in an average shortening of the fish by 23%. The histopathologic character of the shortened spine was a replacement of the chorda (intervertebral pad or disc) with a poorly differentiated hyaline cartilage, in which proliferative and degenerative processes produced a very irregular pattern. The origin of this cartilage, which had severely impaired ossifying capacity, was perichordal and it often had direct connections with the growth centers of the vertebrae. The disappearance of the large strongly convex (spheric) chorda and the arrest of the vertebral endochondral ossification resulted in narrow disc-like vertebrae in contrast to the normal X-shaped ones. The pathologic changes resemble those observed in chondrodystrophic types of perosomus ("short spine") in certain mammals, including humans, and in turkeys.  相似文献