Pathogenic and Genetic Variation in the Japanese Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis     

Namiki F  Shiomi T  Nishi K  Kayamura T  Tsuge T 《Phytopathology》1998,88(8):804-810

ABSTRACT Pathogenic variation among 41 Japanese strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was analyzed by pathogenicity tests with muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. Based on pathogenicity to muskmelon cvs. Amus and Ohi and oriental melon cv. Ogon 9, 41 strains were divided into 3 groups that corresponded completely to Risser's races 0, 2, and 1,2y. To further characterize pathogenic variation within the forma specialis and races, strains were assayed for pathogenicity to 42 additional muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. All strains of race 1,2y were pathogenic to all cultivars tested. Strains of race 0 were divided into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to three muskmelon cultivars; strains of race 2 also were classified into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to two muskmelon cultivars and one oriental melon cultivar. Genetic variation among strains was analyzed by DNA fingerprinting with four repetitive DNA sequences: FOLR1 to FOLR4. Thirty-six fingerprint types were detected among forty-one strains by pooling results of fingerprinting with four probes. Cluster analysis showed distinct genetic groups correlated with races: the fingerprint types detected in each of races 2 and 1,2y were grouped into a single cluster, and two distinct genetic groups were found in race 0. However, pathogenic variation detected within races 0 and 2 could not be differentiated based on the nuclear markers examined.  相似文献   

Difference Between Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxins in Accumulation in Puffer Fish Takifugu rubripes Liver Tissue Slices     

T. Matsumoto  Y. Nagashima  K. Takayama  K. Shimakura  K. Shiomi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2006,31(1):95-100

In vitro accumulation of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) in tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes was investigated using liver tissue slices. When T. rubripes liver slices were incubated with Leibovitz’s L-15 medium containing 0.13 mM TTX at 20 °C in air with saturated humidity, they accumulated 21.5 ± 7.3 μg TTX g⁻¹ liver after the incubation for 12 h and increased to 55.3 ± 8.2 μg TTX g⁻¹ liver at 48 h. In the incubation of T. rubripes liver slices with 0.13 mM PST-containing medium, PST was detected 6.3 ± 0.9 μg g⁻¹ liver at 12 h and reached a plateau thereafter. These results reveal the difference between TTX and PST in accumulation in T. rubripes liver tissue slices. To examine the variation in PST accumulation among fish species, the liver tissue slices from tiger puffer fish T. rubripes, parrot-bass Oplegnathus fasciatus and green ling Hexagrammos otakii were incubated at a concentration of 0.027 mM PST. The toxin contents of 3.0 μg g⁻¹ liver were observed at 8 h regardless of fish species but were not increased subsequently, showing no variety among these three species as to accumulation patterns of PST. It is noted that the tiger puffer fish T. rubripes liver specifically accumulate TTX in preference to PST.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">cerasicola</Emphasis>, pv. nov., the Causal Agent of Bacterial Gall of Cherry Tree     

Hiroshi KAMIUNTEN  Takeharu NAKAO  Shiomi OSHIDA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(3):219-224

Bacterial gall on trunks and twigs of cherry trees (Prunus × yedoens, Someiyoshino) was found in Miyazaki and Saga prefectures, Japan. The surface of young galls are relatively smooth and light brown, but they become rough and dark brown. Characteristics of the bacterium isolated from galls on trunks or twigs are similar to those of Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, i.e., pv. actinidiae, pv. daphniphylli, pv. dendropanacis, pv. Morsprunorum, pv. myricae, pv. rhaphiolepidis, pv. syringae and pv. tremae. This bacterium produced galls on cherry and apricot, but not on 66 other species of plants belonging to 39 families. From these results, this bacterium was classified as a new pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae, and the name Pseudomonas syringae pv. cerasicola, pv. nov., is proposed. Strain M9501(ICMP 13926) was designated as the pathotype strain. Received 10 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 24 December 1999  相似文献   

Involvement of PAPP‐A and IGFR1 in Cystic Ovarian Disease in Cattle          下载免费PDF全文

FM Rodríguez  M Colombero  AN Amweg  E Huber  NC Gareis  NR Salvetti  HH Ortega  F Rey 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):659-668

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the main causes of infertility in dairy cattle. It has been shown that intra‐ovarian factors, such as members of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) system, may contribute to follicular persistence. The bioavailability of IGF to initiate its response by binding to specific receptors (IGFRs) depends on interactions with related compounds, such as pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A). The aim of this study was to determine IGFR1 and PAPP‐A expression both in follicles at different stages of development and in cysts, to evaluate the roles in the etiopathogenesis of COD in cattle. The mRNA expression of PAPP‐A was higher in granulosa cells of large tertiary follicles than in cysts, whereas the protein PAPP‐A present in the follicular fluid from these follicles showed no differences. Although no PAPP‐A mRNA expression was detected in smaller tertiary follicles, in their follicular fluid, this protease was detected in lesser concentration than in cysts. The mRNA expression of IGFR1 was lower in granulosa cells from cystic follicles than in those from tertiary ones. However, the protein expression of this receptor presented the highest levels in cystic structures, probably to increase the possibility of IGF response. The data obtained would indicate that animals with COD have an altered regulation of the IGF system in the ovary, which could be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease in cattle.  相似文献   

Vagueness ratio of storage function model parameters and its relation to the accuracy of hydrograph prediction     

Joko?SujonoEmail author  Shiomi?Shikasho  Kazuaki?Hiramatsu 《Paddy and Water Environment》2003,1(4):201-206

Fuzzy linear regression (FLR) has been applied in many areas, including several areas of engineering. For instance, it has been successfully applied in conceptual rainfall runoff modeling to identify the parameters of the storage function (SF) model. In the FLR, each model parameter is not a crisp value as found in traditional procedures but the model parameters have a fuzziness value characterized by the center () and the width (c) values. The width value could be further analyzed in terms of its contribution in the prediction accuracy. In this case, the vagueness ratio, defined as a ratio between the width value and its center value for the model parameters, is presented here as a surrogate for analyzing any possible relation to the prediction accuracy. Application of the vagueness ratio to a number of flood hydrographs at Ochohzu basin in Fukuoka, Japan, shows that the ratio is useful for assessing the accuracy of the hydrograph prediction; i.e., the higher the value of the ratio indicates the less accuracy in the prediction.  相似文献   

Hydrolysis kinetic parameters of DP 6, 7, 8, and 9-12 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of onion bulb tissues. effect of temperature and storage time     

Benkeblia N  Shiomi N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(7):2587-2592

The objective of this study was to report on the variation of DP 6 isomers (6b, 6c + 6d1 + 6d2), 7a, 8, and 9-12 fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and their hydrolysis parameters [percent hydrolysis, consumption rate, hydrolysis rate constant (k(obsd)), and half-life time (t(1/2))] in onion bulb tissues stored for 6 months at 10, 15, or 20 degrees C. The hydrolysis of DP 6 isomers, 7a, and 8 ranged from 74 to 85%, whereas that of DP 9-12 averaged 86%. The consumption rate of 6b, 6c + 6d1 + 6d2, 7a, 8, and -12 averaged 25, 58, 38, 26, and 48 microg/g of fresh weight per week, respectively. The k(obsd) showed large variation from 53 x 10(-3) week(-1) (lowest value) to 92 x 10(-3) week(-1) (highest value), whereas the half-life t(1/2) of the different FOS ranged between 7.5 and 13.1 weeks. DP 6b isomers increased during the first month, and then the content decreased sharply during the second month at 20 degrees C but remained stable during the last 4 months, whereas at 10 and 15 degrees C, 6b decreased progressively from the first to the six month. In contrast, DP 6c + 6d1 + 6d2 decreased abruptly within the first 3 months at 10, 15, and 20 degrees C; however, during the last 3 months they remained stable, ranging between 0.32 and 0.39. Variation of DP 7a, 8, and 9-12 FOS was close to that of DP 6 FOS isomers. DP 7a increased slightly during the first month, and afterward 7a started decreasing progressively during the last 5 months. DP 8 FOS showed a similar pattern independent of temperature regime: they increased slightly within the first month, but from the second month, DP 8 began decreasing progressively and continued decreasing to the sixth month. DP 9-12 FOS also varied similarly to DP 6c + 6d1 + 6d2. They decreased sharply within the first 2 months, and during the last 4 months, they continued to decrease slowly. Surprisingly, these variations occurred independently of temperature regimes and were affected only by storage duration. It was concluded that highly polymerized FOS are preferably hydrolyzed rather than low DP FOS isomers because they have a relatively high content of fructosyl end chains.  相似文献   

Estrus Synchronization in Sheep and Goats Using Combinations of GnRH,Progestagen and Prostaglandin F2α     

HH Titi  RT Kridli  MA Alnimer 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):594-599

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of GnRH, progestagen and prostaglandin F_2α on estrus synchronization in sheep and goats. Sixty Awassi ewes and 53 Damascus does were used in the study. The experiment started at the beginning of the breeding season (June/July). The same treatments were applied to sheep and goats as follows: no treatment (CON), 14‐day progestagen sponges and 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (S), gonadotropin releasing hormone followed 5 days later by prostaglandin F_2α (GP) and gonadotropin releasing hormone, progestagen sponges for 5 days and prostaglandin F_2α on the day of sponge removal (GSP). None of the ewes in the S group lambed from mating during the induced cycle. A greater lambing rate (p < 0.05) was observed in the GSP group compared with the CON and S groups while the GP group was intermediate. The number of lambs born per lambed ewe was similar among the CON, GP and GSP groups. However, the number of lambs per exposed ewe was greater (p < 0.05) in the GSP than the remaining groups. The induced cycle kidding rate was 77% for all treatments combined. Similar kidding rate were observed among treatments. The numbers of kids born per kidded and exposed doe from mating during the induced estrus were also similar among treatments. Greater numbers of multiple births were observed in the GP and GSP than in the S group. In conclusion, a combination of GnRH, progestagen sponges and PGF_2α can be effective in synchronizing estrus and improving fecundity in sheep and goats. Although the use of GnRH–PGF_2α was effective, the addition of progestagen sponges at the time of GnRH administration appeared to improve reproductive parameters.  相似文献   

解冻期覆盖盐渍土地表对土壤盐分和水分的影响   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

纪永福  蔺海明  杨自辉  贺访印  刘虎俊 《干旱区研究》2005,22(1):17-23

选择春季土壤解冻期,用塑料薄膜、麦草和沙子覆盖盐渍土地面,改良盐碱地。结果表明,覆盖对土壤盐分表聚和水分蒸发损失具有明显的抑制作用。塑料薄膜采用全地面覆盖,麦草适用量为2934．8k／hm^2沙子的适宜覆盖厚度为4cm。  相似文献   

Structural characterization of plancitoxin I, a deoxyribonuclease II-like lethal factor from the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci , by expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells     

Ai Watanabe  Hiroshi Nagai  Yuji Nagashima  Kazuo Shiomi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(1):225-231

Plancitoxin I, the major lethal factor from the spines of crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, is a 37 kDa protein composed of two different subunits, and it has potent hepatotoxicity. It is homologous with mammalian deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) and exhibits DNase activity responsible for the hepatotoxicity. To obtain information on the structure–activity relationship of plancitoxin I, various mutants were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and examined for DNase activity. The results with deletion mutants revealed the requirement of the signal peptide for the expression of intact plancitoxin I and the inability of each subunit to hydrolyze DNA. Mutation at the N-glycosylation site (Asn-274) did not reduce DNase activity, supporting the absence of carbohydrate moieties in the molecule. The mutant H303A exhibited no DNase activity, suggesting the importance of His-303 for the enzymatic activity. No DNase activity was detected in C29A, C169A, C318A and C337A, indicating that four Cys residues are critical to the enzymatic activity. However, DNase activity was completely maintained in C263A and somewhat reduced in C277A and C357A. Based on the results with the Cys-specific mutants, plancitoxin I was assumed to contain three disulfide bridges (29–169, 277–357 and 318–337) and one free Cys-263.  相似文献   

Changes in plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations and hepatic enzyme activities in diabetic voles treated with monosodium aspartate.     

M Sasaki  T Arai  M Shiomi  H Ikeda  Y Oki 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(3):541-542

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