A socio-economic perspective on gear-based management in an artisanal fishery in south-west Madagascar     

T. E. DAVIES  N. BEANJARA  T. TREGENZA 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2009,16(4):279-289

Abstract  Artisanal fisheries are important socially, nutritionally and economically. Poverty is common in communities dependent on such fisheries, making sustainable management difficult. Poverty based on material style of life (MSL) was assessed, livelihoods surveyed and the relationship between these factors and fishery data collected using a fish landing study were examined. Species richness, diversity, size and mean trophic level of catches were determined for six fishing gears in an artisanal fishery in south-west Madagascar. There was little livelihood diversification and respondents were highly dependent on the fishery. No relationship was found between poverty and gear use. This suggests that poverty does not have a major impact on the nature of the fishery; however, this study was dominated by poor households, so it remains possible that communities with more variation in wealth might show differences in fishing methods according to this parameter. The fishery was heavily exploited with a predominance of small fish in the catches. Beach seines caught some of the smallest fish, overlapped in selectivity with gill nets and also had the highest catch per fishers. Thus, a reduction in the number of beach seines could help reduce the catch of small fish and the overlap in selectivity among gears.  相似文献   

anwendung der „vergleichsmethode standort (vermost)” zur bewertung der erosionsgefährdungspotenziale als datenbasis für förderinstrumente am beispiel des landes Brandenburg: Application of the site comparison method (vermost) to assess the potential erosion risk as a basis to examine instruments of environmental policy – the example of Brandenburg     

Detlef Deumlich  R Funk  J Kiesel  HI Reuter  J Thiere  L Völker 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(3):259-271

This paper presents a comparative method (VERMOST) to evaluate complex site conditions at the level of a federal state (Brandenburg) and at different areal units. The methodology uses primary site conditions and provides the possibility to objectively compare and judge different ecological questions. Objects with heterogeneous content are pooled in comparison groups. Considering the main site characteristics allows a goal-oriented allocation of subsidies. The use of VERMOST is demonstrated for the wind and water erosion risk assessment across different scales from a federal state down to a parcel of land. The ‘parcel’ aggregation-level proves to be useful to assess the erosion risk. Larger scales are less useful in the assessment of subsidies policy with regard to erosion risk. A moving-window-technique combined with VERMOST is demonstrated to be suitable for comparing and assessing regional aspects more objectively compared with data administratively linked.  相似文献   

White clover contribution to continuously stocked sheep pastures in association with contrasting perennial ryegrasses     

M. FOTHERGILL  D. A. DAVIES 《Grass and Forage Science》1993,48(4):369-379

White clover content and herbage production in grass/clover swards were studied at contrasting altitudes in Wales. The lowland experiment (1) compared the performance of three clover varieties grown with four diploid perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) varieties with a range of heading dates. In the upland experiment (2) the productivity and persistence of Aberystwyth S184 (small-leaved) clover was studied in association with three perennial ryegrasses.
In experiment I. clover content and dry matter production with Aurora (very early) ryegrass was superior to that with Frances (early), Talbot (intermediate) and Melle (late). Furthermore, the performance of Kent wild white clover (small-leaved) was better than that of medium-leaved Menna and Grasslands Huia. Averaged over two years (1985 and 1986) mean clover content of Kent was 22% compared with 9% and 10% of Menna and Huia.
Performance of S184 clover during the five years (1986–90) of experiment 2 was better with Meltra (late tetraploid) than with Aberystwyth S23 (late diploid) and intermediate with Aurora. Clover stolon length and growing point number declined to a low level in 1988 but increased dramatically in 1989 and 1990 after cessation of applying fertilizer N.
Results from both sites were related to animal performance data previously published. It is concluded that small-leaved clover varieties are needed to ensure a high proportion of clover in sheep pastures and also that choice of companion ryegrass can have a significant effect on the performance of the legume component.  相似文献   

Agriculture Green Development: a model for China and the world     

Jianbo SHEN  Qichao ZHU  Xiaoqiang JIAO  Hao YING  Hongliang WANG  Xin WEN  Wen XU  Tingyu LI  Wenfeng CONG  Xuejun LIU  Yong HOU  Zhenling CUI  Oene OENEMA  William J. DAVIES  Fusuo ZHANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2020,7(1):5-13

Realizing sustainable development has become a global priority. This holds, in particular, for agriculture. Recently, the United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Nineteenth National People’s Congress has delivered a national strategy for sustainable development in China—realizing green development. The overall objective of Agriculture Green Development (AGD) is to coordinate “green” with “development” to realize the transformation of current agriculture with high resource consumption and high environmental costs into a green agriculture and countryside with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental impact. This is a formidable task, requiring joint efforts of government, farmers, industry, educators and researchers. The innovative concept for AGD will focus on reconstructing the whole crop-animal production and food production-consumption system, with the emphasis on high thresholds for environmental standards and food quality as well as enhanced human well-being. This paper addresses the significance, challenges, framework, pathways and potential solutions for realizing AGD in China, and highlights the potential changes that will lead to a more sustainable agriculture in the future. Proposals include interdisciplinary innovations, whole food chain improvement and regional solutions. The implementation of AGD in China will provide important implications for the countries in developmental transition, and contribute to global sustainable development.  相似文献   

The effects of rates of nitrogen application on seven perennial ryegrass varieties     

G. R. LEE  L. H. DAVIES  E. R. ARMITAGE  A. E. M. HOOD 《Grass and Forage Science》1977,32(2):83-87

The dry matter and crude protein production of the perennial ryegrass varieties S24, S23, Premo, Houba, Barlenna, Melle and Sceempter Pasture at annual nitrogen application rates of 212, 425, 637 and 1062 kg ha^?1 were studied for the years 1972–74 inclusive. The DM and CP response curves for the variety Melle were steeper than those for other varieties tested and levelled off at a higher N application rate. The results suggest that Melle is a variety with a genotype capahle of utilizing N more efficiently at higher rates than the other varieties tested.  相似文献   

The effect of propionic acid on the storage losses of hay     

M. H. DAVIES  I. B. WARBOYS† 《Grass and Forage Science》1978,33(2):75-82

Storage losses in moist hay treated with propionic acid were compared with those occurring in untreated moist hay in two experiments and with field-cured hay in three experiments. Dry matter losses in treated hays ranged from 41 to 8.6% and from 1.7 to 12.6% in untreated hays. Digestible organic matter losses in both treated and untreated hays were generally greater than dry matter losses. Only in one experiment did propionic acid application significantly reduce nutrient losses in moist hays. Nutrient losses, and water-soluble carbohydrate losses in particular, were shown to be correlated with maximum and cumulative bale temperatures during storage in two of the experiments. The rise in hale temperatures during storage was reduced in all three experiments, to a greater or lesser extent, by application of the additive. Loss of propionic acid from the hay during and after application was very large. In the three experiments 86.2, 85.3 and 85.6% of the acid applied was lost by the end of the storage period. Acid distribution studies indicated that variation in acid concentration within bales was as great as between bales. It was concluded that more research is needed into applicator design and position on the baler and into alternative application methods if the benefits of propionic acid as a moist hay preservative are to be fully exploited.  相似文献   

The allocation of resources and priorities in government veterinary services – an operational research approach     

G DAVIES 《Australian veterinary journal》1985,62(S1):115-118

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Iohexol myelography in the dog and cat: a series of one hundred cases, and a comparison with metrizamide and iopamidol     

S. J. WHEELER  J. V. DAVIES 《The Journal of small animal practice》1985,26(5):247-256

Iohexol has been found to be a safe and radiographically satisfactory myelographic contrast medium in man and some experimental animals. This study has shown it is also suitable for the dog and cat. No adverse side effects were encountered and radiographic quality was good. A random comparison found it superior in radiographic quality to metrizamide. Iohexol is recommended as the contrast medium of choice for small animal myelography.  相似文献   

Botrytis cinerea in stored cabbage: the use of germ-tube growth on leaf discs as an indicator of potential head rot     

R. M. DAVIES  L. B. HEALE 《Plant pathology》1985,34(3):408-414

The growth of germ-tubes of Botrytis cinerea at 24°C on leaf discs of six cabbage cultivars taken from heads prior to storage, was directly related to the proportion of whole heads developing rots caused by Botrytis during storage for 6 months at 1–2°C. Dipping heads in iprodione before cold storage substantially reduced losses, particularly in the most susceptible cultivar (Decema Extra). Both leaf disc assays of germ-tube growth and studies of whole heads in store indicated significant and similarly ranked differences in cultivar susceptibility.  相似文献   

Protective effect of cobalt against apparent liver damage in sheep exposed to toxic annual ryegrass     

SC DAVIES  IH WILLIAMS  CL WHITE  JG ALLEN  JA EDGAR  PA COCKRUM  P. STEWART 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):186-187

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