Acute experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in the weanling pony   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R Bortell  R L Asquith  G T Edds  C F Simpson  W W Aller 《American journal of veterinary research》1983,44(11):2110-2114

Nineteen weanling ponies and 1 adult pony were given a single oral dose of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Dosages were: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.4 mg of AFB1/kg of body weight. Vital signs were monitored, and whole blood and serum collected for analysis of serum enzymes, prothrombin time, blood cell counts, and serum urea nitrogen. Ponies that died were examined for gross lesions, and tissues were collected for histopathologic examination and analysis of AFB1 and AFM1 residues. Two of the 4 ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose and all ponies given the larger dosages died within 76 hours. Clinical signs included increased rectal temperature, faster heart and respiratory rates, abdominal straining, bloody feces, and tetanic convulsions. At necropsy, ponies that died of acute aflatoxicosis showed visceral petechiae and hepatic focal lesions. Histopathologic changes included severe hepatic necrosis, vacuolation, and bile duct hyperplasia. Aflatoxins B1 and M1 were recovered from liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and gastrointestinal contents. One other pony given the 2 mg/kg dose died 32 days after dosing, and 1 control pony died after 70 days. Continuous elevations in prothrombin time and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were observed in ponies dosed at 4 mg/kg or more. Significant (P less than 0.05) elevations in these values, which peaked 2 to 3 days after dosing, were seen in ponies given the 2 mg/kg dose. This group also had significant increases over controls in PCV and hemoglobin concentration 5 days after dosing.  相似文献   

Cryptosporidiosis in newborn red deer (Cervus elaphus).     

V R Simpson 《The Veterinary record》1992,130(6):116-118

Red deer calves dying at 24 to 72 hours old were infected with cryptosporidia. The clinical signs were extreme depression and weakness, but they did not consistently have diarrhoea. One calf was severely uraemic, and evidence from subsequent cases suggested that cryptosporidium infection in very young red deer calves may result in terminal uraemia. The possibility of intrauterine infection is considered. The factors which could have predisposed to the outbreak of infection were investigated; the calves were deficient in vitamin E despite having received adequate colostrum.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary lead on performance, tissue mineral composition and lead absorption in sheep.     

K R Fick  C B Ammerman  S M Miller  C F Simpson  P E Loggins 《Journal of animal science》1976,42(2):515-523

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Aortic atherosclerosis in nonlaying hens with fatty liver syndrome     

C F Simpson  R H Harms 《Avian diseases》1983,27(3):652-659

Ten laying hens with low plasma cholesterol levels and no signs of fatty liver syndrome were examined at necropsy. Liver coloration and deposition of body fat were not abnormal in such hens. Eleven nonlaying hens had signs of fatty liver syndrome. They were out of production for 1 to 3 months and had elevate plasma cholesterol levels. At necropsy, such hens had yellow livers, heavy deposits of body fat, and several involuted egg yolks, which were dark yellow. Intimal plaques were observed by light microscopy in the abdominal aortas of hens with low plasma cholesterol levels; the plaques contained little or no lipid and were composed of three or four rows of modified smooth-muscle cells. Aortic intimal plaques of hens with high plasma cholesterol levels were composed of 16 to 18 rows of modified smooth-muscle cells when examined by light microscopy. The plaques contained intracellular and extracellular lipid, indicating aortic atherosclerosis. Electron-microscopic observations of the abdominal aortas of both groups of hens were similar to light-microscopic observations, except that lipid, including cholesterol clefts, was seen both intracellularly and extracellularly in the thickened tunica intima of hens with high plasma cholesterol values. Thus, the presence of aortic atherosclerosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. It is suggested that the endogenous hypercholesterolemia and cessation of egg production, characteristic of severe fatty liver syndrome, originated from the reabsorption of involuted egg yolks and that such reabsorption caused the development of aortic atherosclerosis and deposition of excess body fat.  相似文献   

Angiostroneylosis in Cornwall: Clinical presentations of eight cases     

M. W. S. Martin  G. Ashton  V. R. Simpson  C. Neal 《The Journal of small animal practice》1993,34(1):20-25

Clinical signs in eight dogs with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection included chronic cough, dyspnoea, lumbar pain, hindleg paresis/paralysis, abdominal pain, weakness and collapse; two of the dogs were asymptomatic. Thrombocytopenia was present in two dogs and a mild anaemia in one. Thoracic radiographs showed mild right heart enlargement in two out of three dogs and a pneumothorax in one. At post mortem examination in three dogs, the lungs were swollen with a mottled appearance and there was dilatation of the right ventricle. Adult A vasorum were found in the right heart, the pulmonary artery and its branches. Adult worms were also found in the systemic vasculature in one dog, associated with thromboembolism. Treatment with ivermectin in two dogs and fenbendazole in three dogs resulted in the resolution of clinical signs and no demonstrable larvae in the faeces one to two weeks later.  相似文献   

Evaluation of canine small intestinal permeability using the lactulose/rhamnose urinary excretion test     

J. Quigg  G. Brydon  A. Ferguson  J. Simpson 《Research in veterinary science》1993,55(3):156

The use of the lactulose and rhamnose urinary excretion test was evaluated in dogs with gastrointestinal disease. Lactulose and rhamnose rinary excretion was measured in three groups of dogs: clinically healthy dogs and dogs with gastrointestinal disease with and without coexistent panhypoproteinaemia. A significant increase in both the percentage of lactulose: percentage of rhamnose urinary excretion ratio and the percentage of lactulose excretion was demonstrated in dogs with hypoproteinaemia when compared to the other two groups. The results suggest that the lactulose/rhamnose urinary excretion test may prove a useful adjunct to currently available tests for assessing small intestinal function, but lacks sensitivity in detecting small intestinal mucosal damage in the absence of villus atrophy.  相似文献   

Ante mortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in four cats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. W. Simpson  J. T. Shiroma  D. S. Biller  J. Wicks  S. E. Johnson  D. Dimski  D. Chew 《The Journal of small animal practice》1994,35(2):93-99

The ante mortem detection of pancreatitis in four cats is reported. Clinical findings included vomiting, lethargy and constipation in all the cats, diabetes mellitus in two cats and severe jaundice and a vitamin K responsive coagulopathy in one cat. Serum amylase was normal in all the cats and serum lipase was elevated in one azotaemic cat. Ultrasonography revealed predominantly hypoechoic masses in the right cranial quandrant of the abdomen of each cat. The anatomical location of these masses was consistent with the pancreas. Gross examination supported these ultrasonographic observations. The pancreatic lesions were characterised histologically as acute necrotising pancreatitis, acute necrotising pancreatitis with abscessation, chronic active pancreatitis with cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct causing bile duct obstruction and chronic active pancreatitis with nodular hyperplasia. This report indicates that pancreatitis is a clinically significant disease in cats that may be diagnosed ante mortem.  相似文献   

Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in a Dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kenneth W. Simpson  John D. Bonagura  Kathryn A. Eaton 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(4):306-309

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Stabilization of atlantoaxial subluxation secondary to atlantooccipital malformation in a Devon calf     

D J McCoy  R M Simpson  B M Olcott  B Aldridge  E C Hodgin 《The Cornell veterinarian》1986,76(3):277-286

Atlantoaxial subluxation secondary to atlantooccipital malformation in a 14-day-old female Devon calf was corrected by alignment and stabilization of the atlantoaxial joint. Stabilization was achieved by the ventral placement of pins and screws, and the dorsal placement of a figure 8 tension band wire. At 2 and 14 days post operatively, adequate alignment of the atlantoaxial joint was confirmed radiographically. Following surgery the calf improved clinically, but was terminated 14 days following the surgery due to a pneumonia. At necropsy the fixation was stable and spinal cord decompression had been achieved. It was concluded that this technique could be utilized to allow decompression, anatomical alignment, and stabilization of an atlantoaxial subluxation secondary to atlantooccipital malformation in a calf. At necropsy, there was gross and histologic evidence of congenital fusion of the basioccipital bone to the malformed atlas.  相似文献   

Effects of protein concentration on responses to dietary lysine by chicks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T R Morris  K Al-Azzawi  R M Gous  G L Simpson 《British poultry science》1987,28(2):185-195

Chicks were fed on diets varying in crude protein (CP) content (140 to 280 g/kg diet) in either 8 steps, experiment 1, or 6 steps, experiment 2. Protein composition was held constant in each experiment. At each protein concentration, 5 (experiment 1) or 6 (experiment 2) concentrations of lysine were tested, ranging from 40 to 60 g/kg CP. Growth rate and efficiency of food utilisation to 21 d of age responded to increasing dietary protein contents up to about 230 g CP/kg. An estimate of lysine requirement at each protein concentration was obtained by fitting a quadratic curve to the response data and calculating the dose of lysine (g/kg CP) needed to maximise either growth rate or gain/food ratio. Although no growth response to dietary protein was obtained between 240 and 280 g CP/kg, the amount of lysine needed to maximise growth and gain/food ratio over this range increased systematically when expressed as g/kg diet, but remained constant if expressed as g/kg CP. The regression of lysine required (g/kg diet) for maximum performance (growth or food efficiency) on CP (g/kg diet) was strictly linear for both responses in both experiments throughout the entire range studied (140 g CP/kg to 280 g CP/kg). The estimated lysine requirement was 0.053 of the CP in experiment 1 and 0.055 of the CP in experiment 2. It is concluded that a fixed ratio of lysine to protein should be specified in practical diet formulation, rather than a minimum dietary concentration of lysine. This would ensure that, if the dietary protein content rises above a prescribed minimum value in least-cost formulation, an appropriate adjustment will automatically be made to the lysine content of the solution.  相似文献