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21.
Summary Pakistan does not yet have the technology for commercial production ofRhizobium andBradyrhizobium inoculum. Therefore, investigations were undertaken to evaluate the suitability of different materials like compost, sawdust, rice husks, sugar cane, filter mud, and peat asBradyrhizobium carriers. The growth and survival of bradyrhizobia (strain TAL 441 of the cowpea type) was studied in sterilized and unsterilized carriers mixed with loam and enriched with lucerne meal and sucrose. Three different sterilization methods (autoclaving, gamma irradiation, and dry heating of the carriers) were used. The growth and survival of bradyrhizobia in the inoculants were studied at two different storage temperatures, 4° and 20°C. After 2–21 months of inoculation, maximum survival of rhizobia (7.6 × 109 cells g–1) was observed in autoclaved filter mud containing loam-lucerne meal and sucrose. The survival of rhizobia in autoclaved peat was 3.4x 109 cells g-t. The maximum viable number of rhizobia per seed of mungbean (Vigna radiata) was 7.7 × 108 in gamma-irradiated compost and least (1 × 107 cells seed–1) in rice husks. 相似文献
22.
Mapping and assessing water use in a Central Asian irrigation system by utilizing MODIS remote sensing products 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Christopher Conrad Stefan W. Dech Mohsin Hafeez John Lamers Christopher Martius Günter Strunz 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(3-4):197-218
Spatial and temporal patterns of water depletion in the irrigated land of Khorezm, a region located in Central Asia in the lower floodplains of the Amu Darya River, were mapped and monitored by means of MODIS land products. Land cover and land use were classified by using a recursive partitioning and regression tree with 250 m MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series. Seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ETact) was obtained by applying the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) to 1 km daily MODIS data. Elements of the SEBAL based METRIC model (Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution and with Internalized Calibration) were adopted and modified. The upstream–downstream difference in irrigation was reflected by analyzing agricultural land use and amounts of depleted water (ETact) using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The validity of the MODIS albedo and emissivity used for modeling ETact was assessed with data extracted from literature. The r 2 value of 0.6 indicated a moderate but significant association between ETact and class-A-pan evaporation. Deviations of ETact from the 10-day reference evapotranspiration of wheat and cotton were found to be explainable. In Khorezm, seasonal maximum values superior to 1,200 and 1,000 mm ETact were estimated for rice and cotton fields, respectively. Spatio-temporal comparisons of agricultural land use with seasonal ETact disclosed unequal water consumption in Khorezm. Seasonal ETact on agricultural land decreased with increasing distance to the water intake points of the irrigation system (972–712 mm). Free MODIS data provided reliable, exhaustive, and consistent information on water use relevant for decision support in Central Asian water management. 相似文献
23.
Adeel Sattar Mian Abdul Hafeez Qin Wu Adnan Hassan Tahir Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir Dongmei Chen Lingli Huang Shuyu Xie Zonghui Yuan 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):97-107
Cyadox (CYX) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of quinoxaline with much lower toxic effects. A safety criterion of CYX for clinical use was established by studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of CYX after oral (PO), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) administration. CYX was administered in six domesticated cats (three males and three females) by PO (40 mg/kg.b.w.), IM (10 mg/kg.b.w.), and IV (10 mg/kg.b.w.) routes in a crossover pattern. Highly sensitive liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method was developed for detection of CYX and its metabolites present in plasma, urine, and feces. The bioavailability of CYX after PO and IM routes was 4.37% and 84.4%. The area under curves (AUC), mean resident time (MRT), and clearance (CL) of CYX and its metabolites revealed that CYX quickly metabolized into its metabolites. The total recovery of CYX and its main metabolites was >60% after each route. PO delivery suggesting first pass effect in cats that might make this route suitable for intestinal infection and IM injection could be better choice for systemic infections. Less ability of glucuronidation did not show any impact on CYX metabolism. The findings of present study provide detailed information for evaluation of CYX. 相似文献
24.
Hafeez Abdul Ullah Zia Khan Rifat Ullah Ullah Qudrat Naz Shabana 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2499-2504
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The current research study was designed to determine the inclusion of 2% dietary essential coconut oil with and without coccidiosis challenge on... 相似文献
25.
The present study has investigated the individual and combined influence of pre- and post-anthesis temperatures and cultivars on the protein composition in barley grains. Two barley cultivars were grown in soil and hydroponic systems in daylight chambers with different pre- and post-anthesis temperatures. Size exclusion (SE)-HPLC was used to evaluate the protein composition in mature barley grains. The results showed that individual and interactive effects of pre- and post-anthesis temperatures and cultivar variations influenced protein composition in the barley grains. Pre-anthesis temperature greatly affected the amounts of total sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) extractable proteins (TOTE) and explained 30% of the variation in TOTE. The barley cultivars accounted for 20% of the variation in TOTE. Variation in malting barley cultivars was found to influence the SDS extractable small monomers (41% of the variation). Percentage of SDS un-extractable polymeric proteins in total amount of polymeric proteins (%UPP) was governed by post-anthesis temperature, accounting for 11% of the variation and cultivar differences accounted for 7% of the variation. Thus, the climatic conditions during the specific growing period and a choice of cultivars played a major role in determining the protein composition and ultimately the malting quality of spring barley. 相似文献
26.
Zobia Anwar Muhammad Bilal Usman Irshad Farhan Hafeez Gary Owens 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(4):242-250
Safe management of animal and plant waste is one of the world's most important environmental challenges. Composting has been proposed as a useful technique for beneficially recycling wastes. This study showed that significant temporal changes in the nutrient availability occurred during the composting of cow manure with poplar leaf litter within 120 days. In particular, total C in the final compost was directly related to the addition of tree litter and inversely related to the time of composting, whereas extractable P and NO3 increased with increasing amounts of tree litter and ammonium showed the opposite trend. During the later stages of the composting process higher concentrations of water soluble K, Ca, Mg, and Na were observed. The major benefit observed was that heavy metal concentrations initially present in the manure were significantly reduced during composting. Heavy metals in the final compost decreased in the order: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The increased availability of plant nutrients following composting coupled with the lower extractability of heavy metals indicates that composting may be a sustainable option for agricultural waste recycling and increased productivity. 相似文献
27.
Muhammad Sohail Saddiq Shahid Iqbal Irfan Afzal Amir M. H. Ibrahim Muhammad A. Bakhtavar Muhammad B. Hafeez 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(10):1192-1204
Salinity stress can be mitigated by using the physiological seed enhancements. Kharchia 65 (salt tolerant) and PI.94341 (salt sensitive) genotypes were evaluated under salt stress (20 dS/m) by various priming treatments, that is hydropriming and halopriming (50?mmol, KCl and NaCl) in a pot study. Experiment was conducted in completely randomized design under factorial arrangements with three replications. Priming agents improved the final emergence percentage (FEP), emergence index (EI) and reduced the mean emergence time of both wheat genotypes under normal and saline conditions as compared to non-primed seed. Priming treatments elicited the efficiency of wheat seedlings by increasing both Fv/Fm and Ft under both normal and salt stress conditions which were strongly linked with low Na+ and high K+. In conclusion, all three priming agents effectively nullified the deleterious effects of salt stress by improving seed emergence and triggering the physiological attributes of wheat. 相似文献
28.
Thi Thai Hoa Hoang Dinh Thuc Do Thi Thu Giang Tran Tan Duc Ho Hafeez ur Rehman 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(1):113-124
This study evaluated the effects of rice straw and water regimes on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields for two rice growing seasons (summer 2014 and spring 2015). Water regimes included alternating wet–dry irrigation (AWD) maintained at three levels (–5 cm, – 10 cm and –15 cm) in comparison to continuous flooding irrigation (CF). Rice straw (5 t ha–1) was incorporated into the top soil (0 – 15 cm), distributed and burned in situ. Results showed that using burned in situ rice straw was found to reduce seasonal cumulative CH4 emission (24–34% in summer; 18–28% in spring), N2O emission (21–32% in summer; 22–29% in spring) and lower rice yield (8–9%) than rice straw incorporation into top soil. AWD methods reduced the amount of CH4 production (22.6–41.5%) and increased N2O emission (25–26%) without any decrease in rice yield. Rice straw incorporation into the top soil with AWD had higher water productivity (23–37%) than rice straw when burned in situ with CF. The results conclude that AWD and rice straw management can be employed as mitigation strategy for CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields in Central Vietnam. 相似文献
29.
M. Abdul Hafeez Masood Akhtar M. Mazhar Ayaz 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(1):59-61
Eimeria (E.) tenella (local isolate) sporozoites were adapted on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 10-12 days chicken embryos and completed its life cycle in 6~7 days at 39℃ and 70 per cent humidity. Only 23 embryos (4.6%) were found dead from 1~4 day post inoculation of sporozoites with mild lesions on CAM with no gametocytes but few sporozoites in chorioallantoic fluid (CAF). On 5~7 day post inoculation, 432 embryos (86.4%) were found dead with severe haemorrhages on CAM and CAF contained uncountable number of gametocytes. After seven days post inoculation, 45 embryos (9%) were found to be alive. Some oocysts were also detected in the CAF on 6~7 days post inoculation. In the histological sections of the CAM, there were abundant small dark colored rounded bodies of gametes; distributed extensively in tissues of CAM on 5~7 days post inoculation of sporozoites. In some cases, cluster of small mature and immature relatively large bodies were seen in increasing numbers on 5~6 days post inoculation. 相似文献
30.
Zakira Naureen Adam H. Price Fauzia Y. Hafeez Michael R. Roberts 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1052-1060
Sixteen bacterial strains isolated from the roots and rhizosphere of rice plants growing in saline and non-saline soils from the Shorkot area of Pakistan were tested for their ability to promote plant growth and reduce the incidence of rice blast disease. When applied to the soil, many of the isolated rhizobacterial strains increased seedling growth and/or suppressed rice blast disease in greenhouse-grown plants of the cultivars Super Basmati and Azucena, but each cultivar responded to different subsets of the bacteria. In the cv Super Basmati, increased blast resistance was correlated with the production of siderophores by the rhizobacteria. Several strains inhibited the growth of the causative agent of rice blast disease, the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, in an in vitro dual culture assay. Direct bioantagonism was correlated with disease resistance in Super Basmati, but not in Azucena, and direct antagonism as a cause for the reduced disease incidence is also unlikely since no epiphytic colonisation of leaves was detected. Rhizosphere colonisation by the bacteria in plants grown in sterile sand was correlated with disease resistance in Super Basmati, but not in Azucena. As well as the differences in strains that protected each cv against blast disease, we also found that there were differences in the ability of some strains to protect plants against blast depending on soil type. Hence, there are complex interactions between rhizobacteria and rice plants with respect to biocontrol of rice blast disease, dependent upon both rice cv and soil type. The identity of strains that promoted high levels of disease protection, including three that performed well across all plant cultivars and growth conditions, was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 相似文献