Coughing in horses--an historical aspect.     

S A Hall 《Equine veterinary journal》1977,9(1):37-39

A brief historical review is given of the incidence and types of respiratory disease that occurred in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. The significance of poor stabling and overcrowding in the causation and spread of coughing is emphasised and its dramatic reduction by simple methods of hygiene and ventilation.  相似文献   

Polymerase chain reaction tests for the identification of Ross River, Kunjin and Murray Valley encephalitis virus infections in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Studdert MJ  Azuolas JK  Vasey JR  Hall RA  Ficorilli N  Huang JA 《Australian veterinary journal》2003,81(1-2):76-80

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate specific, sensitive and rapid diagnostic tests using RT-PCR for the detection of Ross River virus (RRV), Kunjin virus (KV) and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) infections in horses. METHODS: Primer sets based on nucleotide sequence encoding the envelope glycoprotein E2 of RRV and on the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) of KV and MVEV were designed and used in single round PCRs to test for the respective viruses in infected cell cultures and, in the case of RRV, in samples of horse blood and synovial fluid. RESULTS: The primer pairs designed for each of the three viruses amplified a product of expected size from prototype viruses that were grown in cell culture. The identity of each of the products was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing indicating that in the context used the RT-PCRs were specific. RRV was detected in serums from 8 horses for which there were clinical signs consistent with RRV infection such that an acute-phase serum sample was taken and submitted for RRV serology testing. The RRV RT-PCR was analytically sensitive in that it was estimated to detect as little as 50 TCID50 of RRV per mL of serum and was specific in that the primer pairs did not amplify other products from the 8 serum samples. The RRV primers also detected virus in three independent mosquito pools known to contain RRV by virus isolation in cell culture. Samples from horses suspected to be infected with KV and MVEV were not available. CONCLUSION: Despite much anecdotal and serological evidence for infection of horses with RRV actual infection and associated clinical disease are infrequently confirmed. The availability of a specific and analytically sensitive RT-PCR for the detection of RRV provides additional opportunities to confirm the presence of this virus in clinical samples. The RT-PCR primers for the diagnosis of KV and MVEV infections were shown to be specific for cell culture grown viruses but the further validation of these tests requires the availability of appropriate clinical samples from infected horses.  相似文献   

Supply of POMs     

Hall SA 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(2):64

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Eosinophilic diseases in two Cavalier King Charles spaniels     

German AJ  Holden DJ  Hall EJ  Day MJ 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(12):533-538

This report describes the clinical presentation of two Cavalier King Charles spaniels with different eosinophilic diseases. The first case presented with dyspnoea and a non-productive cough, and investigations demonstrated eosinophilic bronchopneumonopathy. The second dog was referred for the investigation of haemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhoea and was eventually diagnosed with eosinophilic enteritis. Both dogs had concurrent eosinophilic stomatitis, and both responded completely to immunosuppressive glucocorticoid therapy. This report is the first to describe the concurrence of eosinophilic stomatitis and systemic eosinophilic disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels, and suggest that this breed may be predisposed to eosinophilic syndromes.  相似文献   

Exotic pets     

Redrobe S  Chitty J  Jones A  Hall C  Jepson L  Jessop M  McArthur S  Meredith A  Raftery A 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(14):411

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Veterinary clinical pathology in industry: 2000 to 2020     

Hall RL 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2000,29(3):75-76

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Traditional Livestock in Semi-Arid North Eastern Zimbabwe: Mashona Cattle     

Hall  S.J.G. 《Tropical animal health and production》1998,30(6):351-360

Productivity data were gathered from Mashona cows (n = 187) in 28 traditionally managed herds in two areas, separated by a corridor 20–30 km wide of almost uninhabited bush in NE Zimbabwe. Cattle are kept primarily to provide oxen for work. Cows in the southern area, which had been more affected by drought in 1991–92, were younger (7.2 vs. 9.1 years) and had a longer median calving interval (548 vs. 406 days). Metrical data (n = 105 cows) showed these cattle to be larger-bodied than those in the northern area (heart girth 146 vs. 144 cm). Market prices, estimated by respondents, were higher for oxen and herds were smaller in the south, and calf survival was believed by owners to be more influenced by season of birth in this area. Data were obtained on 531 calves. Before the age of 12 months 6.2% died, a low proportion compared with other studies. Most were retained in herds but 11.5% were slaughtered, sold or given away. All owners practised castration, selecting fast growing, strong bull calves for breeding.  相似文献   

Blood chemistry and hematology of gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups from birth to postweaning.     

A J Hall 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1998,29(4):401-407

Serum and plasma samples were collected from 92 gray seal (Halichoerus grypus) pups, all less than 5 wk old, and from 21 yearlings during the breeding season at the Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Scotland, for hematologic and clinical chemistry analysis. In the pups, total WBC, total protein, and glucose values increased until weaning and declined during the postweaning fast. Liver enzymes, particularly alkaline phosphatase, were high at birth and decreased steadily with age, most rapidly during the postweaning fast. In the yearlings, total WBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and rectal temperatures were significantly higher than in the pups and glucose levels were significantly lower. Therefore, consideration should be given to the growth phase of gray seal pups (lactation or postweaning fast) or stage of development when hematology and clinical chemistries are used for diagnostic purposes.  相似文献   

Infectious dermatitis in a ball python (Python regius) colony.     

S Branch  L Hall  P Blackshear  N Chernoff 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》1998,29(4):461-464

Seven wild-caught ball pythons (Python regius), including six gravid females and one male, were obtained from Africa and were housed in a government animal facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Upon arrival, the snakes were found to be infested with ticks (Aponomma latus), which were manually removed. Four weeks following arrival, vesicular skin lesions began to appear on the snakes. Despite treatment of all affected female snakes with amikacin (5 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days) and cefotaxime (25 mg/kg i.m., every 3 days), the condition progressed and five of the female snakes died 7 wk after arrival. The remaining male and one female improved after an increase in environmental temperature, with ecdysis followed by healing. Physiologic stress, ectoparasites, and shipping may have predisposed the snakes to sepsis.  相似文献   

Detrimental effects on villus form during conventional oralrehydration therapy for diarrhoea in calves; alleviation by a nutrient oral rehydration solution containing glutamine     

H.W. Brooks  G.A. Hall  A.J. Wagstaff  A.R. Michell 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1998,155(3):263-274

This paper examines the possibility that treatment of diarrhoea with conventional oral rehydration solutions (ORSs) may be detrimental to villus structure by imposing nutrient deprivation and that such detrimental effects may be reduced or avoided by using a nutrient ORS. A conventional WHO-type ORS (W) was compared with two nutrient solutions (N and G) both containing high glucose concentrations and the latter containing glutamine; their effects on enteric structure were assessed by morphometric analysis of samples obtained from diarrhoeic calves after 96h treatment. Comparisons were also made with samples from controls and diarrhoeic calves at the stage where oral rehydration would have begun in the treated groups. As in our previous ORS studies, diarrhoea was induced with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (09:K30:K99). We measured villus length and width, crypt depth and width and calculated villus surface area in proximal, mid and distal small intestine (PSI, MSI, DSI), using standard morphometric techniques. Proximal and distal spiral colon samples (PC, DC) were examined for crypt depth and width; mitoses per crypt were counted in samples from all regions. Non-diarrhoeic calves showed the expected gradient of villus length through PSI, MSI and DSI, hence data for each region are normalized as a percentage of the control value for that region. PSI showed the greatest loss of villus length and surface area (50%) with diarrhoea. In MSI and DSI the villus loss was greater with solution W and N or G, as were increased mitoses and crypt depth. Crypt depth and mitoses also increased in the colon with solution W. Colonic crypt width increased with diarrhoea and conventional oral rehydration but less so with G; there is reason to believe that such changes have functional significance. Crypt changes in colon, MSI and DSI were least with solution G. The changes developing in diarrhoeic calves prior to treatment were thus less apparent in those treated with a nutritional ORS, particularly if it contained glutamine.  相似文献