Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap™ device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers     

Saila Holopainen  Elina Rautala  Liisa Lilja‐Maula  Hannes Lohi  Minna M. Rajamki  Anu K. Lappalainen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):525-532

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κ_range = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.  相似文献   

Genetic parameters for semen production traits in Swiss dairy bulls     

Alexander Burren  Hannes Joerg  Malena Erbe  Arthur R. Gilmour  Ulrich Witschi  Fritz Schmitz‐Hsu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(9):1177-1181

Variance components (VC) were estimated for the semen production trait ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility in the Swiss cattle breeds Brown Swiss (BS), Original Braunvieh (OB), Holstein (HO), Red‐Factor‐Carrier (RF), Red Holstein (RH), Swiss Fleckvieh (SF) and Simmental (SI). For this purpose, semen production traits from 2,617 bulls with 124,492 records were used. The data were collected in the years 2000–2012. The model for genetic parameter estimation across all breeds included the fixed effects age of bull at collection, year of collection, month of collection, number of collection per bull and day, interval between consecutive collections, semen collector, bull breed as well as a random additive genetic component and a permanent environmental effect. The same model without a fixed breed effect was used to estimate VC and repeatabilities separately for each of the breeds BS, HO, RH, SF and SI. Estimated heritabilities across all breeds were 0.42, 0.25 and 0.09 for ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and sperm motility, respectively. Different heritabilities were estimated for ejaculate volume (0.42; 0.45; 0.49; 0.40; 0.10), sperm concentration (0.34; 0.30; 0.20; 0.07; 0.23) and number of semen portions (0.18; 0.30; 0.04; 0.14; 0.04) in BS, HO, RH, SF and SI breed, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic correlations across all breeds between ejaculate volume and sperm concentration were negative (?0.28; ?0.56). The other correlations across all breeds were positive. The phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.01 and 0.19 between sperm motility and ejaculate volume, respectively. Between sperm motility and sperm concentration, the phenotypic and genetic correlations were 0.20 and 0.36, respectively. The results are consistent with other analyses and show that genetic improvement through selection is possible in bull semen production traits.  相似文献   

Interbreed variation in serum serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) concentration in healthy dogs     

K. Höglund  J. Häggström  S. Hanås  A.-C. Merveille  V. Gouni  M. Wiberg  J. Lundgren Willesen  K.Mc Entee  L. Mejer Sørensen  L. Tiret  E.H. Seppälä  H. Lohi  V. Chetboul  M. Fredholm  A.-S. Lequarré  I. Ljungvall 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(4):244-253

Introduction

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has several biological functions. In different species, excessive 5-HT has been linked to valvular lesions, similar to those seen in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Previous studies suggest higher 5-HT in healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), a breed highly affected by myxomatous mitral valve disease, compared to other breeds.

Objective

To investigate potential interbreed variation in serum 5-HT in healthy dogs.

Animals

483 healthy dogs of nine breeds aged 1–7 years.

Methods

Dogs were examined at five European centers. Absence of cardiovascular, organ-related, or systemic diseases was ensured by thorough clinical investigations including echocardiography. Serum was frozen and later analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Median 5-HT concentration was 252.5 (interquartile range = 145.5–390.6) ng/mL. Overall breed difference was found (p<0.0001), and 42% of pairwise breed comparisons were significant. Univariate regression analysis showed association between serum 5-HT concentration and breed, center of examination, storage time, and sex, with higher 5-HT in females. In multiple regression analysis, the final model had an adjusted R² of 0.27 with breed (p<0.0001), center (p<0.0001), and storage time (p=0.014) remaining significant. Within centers, overall breed differences were found at 3/5 centers (p≤0.028), and pairwise comparisons within those centers showed breed differences in 42% of comparisons. Among the included breeds, Newfoundlands, Belgian Shepherds and CKCSs had highest 5-HT concentrations.

Conclusions

Interbreed variation in serum 5-HT concentration was found in healthy dogs aged 1–7 years. These differences should be taken into account when designing clinical studies.  相似文献   

A histological evaluation of pansteatitis-affected Mozambique tilapia,Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852), from different geographical locations in South Africa     

Joseph R. Sara  Wilmien J. Luus-Powell  Susan B. Fogelson  Hannes Botha  Theresa C. Guillette  Willem J. Smit  Andre Hoffman  Katlego D. Kunutu  Jeremy P. Koelmel  John A. Bowden 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(10):1185-1199

Pansteatitis is the leading cause for the decline in Nile crocodile populations and the sporadic mortality of fish in the Olifants River System, South Africa. To determine the prevalence of this disease in lentic systems, Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, were collected from Lake Loskop, Lake Flag Boshielo, Phalaborwa Barrage and Lake Luphephe-Nwanedi. The former three impoundments are located within the main stem of the Olifants River, while the latter, which is geographically isolated and situated in the Limpopo River System, served as a reference site. Mesenteric adipose, liver, serosa of the swim bladder, gill and the skeletal muscle of fish sampled were examined for gross and microscopic evidence of pansteatitis. Microscopically observed changes were used to statistically compare pansteatitis prevalence between samples and sites. Based on histopathological evaluation, the adipose tissue in the liver, swim bladder serosa and coelom from severely debilitated individuals showed the most significant pathological changes. Lesions indicative of steatitis were observed in fish collected from Lake Loskop (75%), Lake Flag Boshielo (22%) and Lake Luphephe-Nwanedi (15%). Further investigation is warranted to understand the pervasiveness and mechanisms driving pathological changes of pansteatitis at Lake Flag Boshielo, Phalaborwa Barrage and Lake Luphephe-Nwanedi.  相似文献   

Artificial canopy gaps in the restoration of boreal conservation areas: long-term effects on tree seedling establishment in pine-dominated forests     

Hannes Pasanen  Seppo Rouvinen  Jari Kouki 《European Journal of Forest Research》2016,135(4):697-706

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Apparent electrical conductivity integrated from layered soil profiles     

Dominik Bänninger  Hans Wunderli  Hannes Flühler 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(2):180-185

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) trace analysis aims at extracting the water content profile along TDR probes. This can be done by applying a TDR forward solver inversely. Thus, TDR‐trace inversion is basically an optimization problem. As in any optimization procedure, it is worthwhile to include as much a priori information as possible about the problem to be solved. In this study, we discuss the feasibility to use the apparent electrical conductivity as constraint for the TDR inversion. The resistors‐in‐parallel circuit can be used to integrate a multislice soil model to obtain the apparent electrical conductivity. We apply additionally Archie's law to link the water content of a particular slice with its electrical conductivity. We compare the results from this approach with measured TDR traces and show that the problem is solved exactly. Finally, we address the thin‐layer issue because thin layers with a high permittivity contrast result in a delay of the run time of an electromagnetic pulse. We test numerically whether a similar behavior can be observed for a thin layered electrical conductivity profile. Our results show that the thickness of the soil layer with respect to electrical conductivity has no effect on the apparent electrical conductivity. We conclude that the apparent electrical conductivity is appropriate as boundary condition in TDR inversion as long as a procedure is known to convert the water content of a slice to its electrical conductivity  相似文献   

Soil heterogeneity at the field scale: a challenge for precision crop protection     

Stefan Patzold  Franz Michael Mertens  Ludger Bornemann  Britta Koleczek  Jonas Franke  Hannes Feilhauer  Gerhard Welp 《Precision Agriculture》2008,9(6):367-390

Crop protection seldom takes into account soil heterogeneity at the field scale. Yet, variable site characteristics affect the incidence of pests as well as the efficacy and fate of pesticides in soil. This article reviews crucial starting points for incorporating soil information into precision crop protection (PCP). At present, the lack of adequate field maps is a major drawback. Conventional soil analyses are too expensive to capture soil heterogeneity at the field scale with the required spatial resolution. Therefore, we discuss alternative procedures exemplified by our own results concerning (i) minimally and non-invasive sensor techniques for the estimation of soil properties, (ii) the evidence of soil heterogeneity with respect to PCP, and (iii) current possibilities for incorporation of high resolution soil information into crop protection decisions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture are extremely interesting for PCP. Their determination with minimally invasive techniques requires the sampling of soils, because the sensors must be used in the laboratory. However, this technique delivers precise information at low cost. We accurately determined SOC in the near-infrared. In the mid-infrared, texture and lime content were also exactly quantified. Non-invasive sensors require less effort. The airborne HyMap sensor was suitable for the detection of variability in SOC at high resolution, thus promising further progress regarding SOC data acquisition from bare soil. The apparent electrical conductivity as measured by an EM38 sensor was shown to be a suitable proxy for soil texture and layering. A survey of arable fields near Bonn (Germany) revealed widespread within-field heterogeneity of texture-related ECa, SOC and other characteristics. Maps of herbicide sorption and application rate were derived from sensor data, showing that optimal herbicide dosage is strongly governed by soil variability. A phytoassay with isoproturon confirmed the reliability of spatially varied herbicide application rates. Mapping areas with an enhanced leaching risk within fields allows them to be kept free of pesticides with related regulatory restrictions. We conclude that the use of information on soil heterogeneity within the concept of PCP is beneficial, both economically and ecologically.  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

Hannes Mayer  A. Baumgartner und W. Kroth 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1963,82(5-6):190-192

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Effect of stocking density on vegetation and animal performance within the semi-arid shrublands of the Karoo,South Africa     

Christiaan J Harmse  Hannes J Gerber 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2018,35(1):13-22

As the primary land use in the Karoo, extensive small-stock farming contributes significantly towards the agricultural economy of the region. However, the sustainability of this practice has been questioned for many years. This led to the establishment of a long-term stocking-density trial in 1988 at the Carnarvon Research Station. The trial was designed on a three-camp rotational grazing system under four stocking densities (8, 7, 5.5 and 4 ha SSU^–1). Following continuous treatment over 28 years, the results from a once-off assessment in February 2016 portrayed no significant differences between treatments with regard to plant height, cover, species diversity, ecological and grazing index scores. Animal production varied among treatments where the mean production per hectare was found to be the highest under the high stocking-density treatment. Due to the absence of historical data, the results from this study are not conclusive with regards to changes in the vegetation dynamics over time and therefore does not lend itself to making conclusions concerning stocking densities. It can, however, be concluded that the vegetation of the Western Upper Karoo is remarkably resilient to the perceived higher stocking densities set at the time, on condition that an appropriate grazing management strategy is applied.  相似文献   

III. Buchbesprechungen     

Hannes Mayer  A. Baumgartner  W. Kroth 《European Journal of Forest Research》1963,82(5-6):190-192

  相似文献