Isolation and characterization of neutral lipids of desilked eri silkworm pupae grown on castor and tapioca leaves     

Shanker KS  Shireesha K  Kanjilal S  Kumar SV  Srinivas C  Rao JV  Prasad RB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(9):3305-3309

The neutral lipid of desilked eri silkworm pupae (Samia cynthia ricini) grown on two different host plants, castor (Ricinus communis Linn.) and tapioca (Manihot utilizsima Phol.) leaves, was extracted with hexane. The oil content in pupae was estimated to be in the range of 18-20% (dry basis). The pupal oil was found to be enriched with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) with palmitic acid as the second major fatty acid. The level of ALA in the oil of silkworm pupae was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001) when grown on tapioca (58.3%) as compared to those grown on castor (42.9%). Other chemical parameters such as percent free fatty acid, peroxide value, phosphorus content, percent unsaponifiable matter, and composition of sterols were also determined in both of the oils and compared. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of triacylglycerol molecular species showed that the pupal oil is rich in molecular species with equivalent carbon numbers (ECN) C36, C40, C42, C44, and C48. There was a significantly higher level (P < 0.001) of trilinolenin (C36) in the oil of tapioca-based silkworm as compared to castor-based silkworm pupae. Regiospecific analysis of the oil showed a higher level of ALA at the sn-2 position of silkworm pupae grown on tapioca (60.2%) as compared to those grown on castor (47.3%) oil. Thus, the presence of a large amount of ALA and their predominance at the sn-2 position make the eri pupal oil highly nutritious, provided that the oxidative stability is ensured.  相似文献   

Meiotic analysis of the hybrids between cultivated and synthetic tetraploid groundnuts     

Nalini Mallikarjuna  Sandhya Srikanth  Ravi K. Vellanki  Deepak R. Jadhav  Kumkum Das  Hari D. Upadhyaya 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(1):135-138

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Phenotypic and molecular dissection of ICRISAT mini core collection of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for high oleic acid     

Ganapati Mukri  Hajisaheb L. Nadaf  Ramesh S. Bhat  M. V. C. Gowda  Hari D. Upadhyaya  V. Sujay 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(3):418-422

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A gain-of-function polymorphism controlling complex traits and fitness in nature     

KV Prasad  BH Song  C Olson-Manning  JT Anderson  CR Lee  ME Schranz  AJ Windsor  MJ Clauss  AJ Manzaneda  I Naqvi  M Reichelt  J Gershenzon  SG Rupasinghe  MA Schuler  T Mitchell-Olds 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1081-1084

Identification of the causal genes that control complex trait variation remains challenging, limiting our appreciation of the evolutionary processes that influence polymorphisms in nature. We cloned a quantitative trait locus that controls plant defensive chemistry, damage by insect herbivores, survival, and reproduction in the natural environments where this polymorphism evolved. These ecological effects are driven by duplications in the BCMA (branched-chain methionine allocation) loci controlling this variation and by two selectively favored amino acid changes in the glucosinolate-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 proteins that they encode. These changes cause a gain of novel enzyme function, modulated by allelic differences in catalytic rate and gene copy number. Ecological interactions in diverse environments likely contribute to the widespread polymorphism of this biochemical function.  相似文献   

Effect of Sequential Removal of Parts of the Second Metacarpal Bone on the Biomechanical Stability of the Equine Carpus     

Kathryn A. Seabaugh DVM  MS  Jeremy D. Hubert BVSc  MRCVS  MS  Diplomate ACVS  Christopher E. Kawcak DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVS  Kirk C. McGilvray PhD  Brandon G. Santoni PhD  Sangeeta Rao BVSc  MVSc  PhD  Gary M. Baxter VMD  MS  Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(7):862-868

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Development and utilization of novel SSRs in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]     

Sarika Gupta  Kajal Kumari  Mehanathan Muthamilarasan  Alagesan Subramanian  Manoj Prasad 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(4):367-374

Although the foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] is recently regarded as a model crop for studying functional genomics of biofuel grasses, its genetic improvement to some extent was limited due to the non‐availability of molecular markers, particularly the microsatellite markers and the saturated genetic linkage map. Considering this, we attempted to generate a significant number of microsatellite markers in cultivar ‘Prasad’. Two hundred and fifty‐six clones were sequenced to generate 41.82‐kb high‐quality sequences retrieved from genomic library enriched with dinucleotide repeat motifs. Microsatellites were identified in 194 (76%) of the 256 positive clones, and 64 primer pairs (pp) were successfully designed from 95 (49%) unique SSR‐containing clones. The 67.4% primer designing ability, 100% PCR amplification efficiency and 45.3% polymorphic potential in the parents of F₂ mapping population established the efficacy of genomic microsatellites. All the 64 microsatellite markers displayed high level of cross‐species amplification (~67%) in 10 millets and non‐millets species. These experimental findings suggest the utility and efficacy of SSRs in diverse genotyping applications, resolving QTLs, phylogenetic relationships and transferability in several important grass species.  相似文献   

Effect of crop‐residue management on the production and agronomic nitrogen efficiency in a rice–wheat cropping system     

S. N. Sharma  Rajendra Prasad 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(2):295-302

The rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS), producing about 5–10 Mg ha^–1 y^–1 of grain, is the backbone of food‐crop production in South‐East Asia. However, this system shows signs of fatigue as indicated by declining yields, negative nitrogen (N) balances, and reduced responses to applied fertilizer at some research centers. The return of rice and wheat residues can recycle up to 20%–30% of the N absorbed by the crops. However, their wide C : N ratio can temporarily immobilize native and applied N. To overcome this immobilization, wheat‐straw application was supplemented with the incorporation of Sesbania green manure and mungbean residues, and their effects on productivity, agronomic N efficiency, and system's apparent N balances were studied. Combining the application of wheat straw with Sesbania green manure or mungbean residues increased cereal grain yield and agronomic N efficiency and improved the generally negative apparent N balances. The combined use of wheat straw and mungbean produced an additional 0.5–0.6 t ha^–1 protein‐rich grain and thus appears to be the most promising residue‐management option for rice–wheat cropping systems in South Asia, provided that the transition cropping season between wheat harvest and rice transplanting is long enough.  相似文献   

Design of Optimum Response Surface Experiments for Electro-Coagulation of Distillery Spent Wash     

R. Krishna Prasad  R. Ram Kumar  S. N. Srivastava 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,191(1-4):5-13

Electro-coagulation (EC) of a distillery spent wash has been optimized by Box–Behnken design of surface response analysis in terms of color removal. The design was employed to derive a statistical model for the effect of parameters studied on removal of color using iron anodes. The current density (31 mA/cm²), dilution (17.5%) and time of electrolysis (4 hours) had been found to be the optimum conditions for maximum 95% color removal. The actual color removal at optimized conditions was found to be 93.5% which confirms close to the predicted response using response surface methodology.  相似文献   

Tolerance intervals for unbalanced one-way random effects models with covariates and heterogeneous variances     

Tsai-Yu Lin  Chen-Tuo Liao  Hari K. Iyer 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2008,13(2):221-241

Tolerance intervals are useful in practice to help determine limits for detection monitoring or assessment monitoring of factors that may impact the environment, ecological systems, or other biological processes. This article provides a procedure for construction of one-sided and two-sided tolerance intervals for a normally distributed random variable when the mean and variance of its distribution are estimated using data following an unbalanced one-way random effects model with covariates under heterogeneous error variances. The procedure developed here is based on the concept of a generalized pivotal quantity which has been frequently used to obtain confidence intervals in situations where conventional methods are difficult to apply or fail to provide s satisfactory solutions. For the one-sided case, the generalized pivotal quantity approach yields an exact solution. On the other hand, the method leads to good approximate intervals for the two-sided case. This is confirmed by a detailed simulation study, showing that the method may be recommended for practical use. Two real-data examples are given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed procedures.  相似文献   

Effects of salinity on growth characteristics and osmoregulation of juvenile cobia,Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus 1766), reared in potassium‐amended inland saline groundwater     

Jose Antony  Appidi Krishna Reddy  Arun Sudhagar  Hari Krishna Vungurala  Luke A Roy 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2021,52(1):155-170

The suitability of inland saline groundwater as a medium to culture juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum, was assessed. In the first experiment, juvenile cobia stocked in raw (unamended) saline groundwater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L exhibited complete mortality after 108, 176, and 195 hr, respectively. The second experiment evaluated the rearing of juvenile cobia (mean weight ~9.23 ± 0.12 g) in potassium (K⁺)‐amended saline groundwater (100% K⁺ fortified) and reconstituted seawater at salinities of 5, 10, and 15 g/L to assess growth and osmoregulation in distinct culture media. Following 60 days of culture, all fish survived the experimental period. Final mean bodyweight of cobia reared in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater (103.2–115.8 g) and seawater (111.2–113.8 g) of different salinities did not vary significantly (p > .05). No differences (p > .05) were observed in specific growth rate, weight gain (%), and feed conversion ratio between treatment groups. Serum osmolality increased with salinity and was significantly higher (p < .05) for fish in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater (353–361 mOsmol/Kg) than in reconstituted seawater (319–332 mOsmol/Kg), although differences were not observed between salinities by water type. Cobia stocked in saline groundwater of different salinities were osmoregulating normally, and the higher values observed may be because of variations in ionic composition and other interfering ions in saline groundwater. Trial results suggest that juvenile cobia can achieve optimal growth in K⁺‐amended saline groundwater of low and intermediate salinities.  相似文献