Streptomyces sp. RP1A-12 mediated control of peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii     

Simi Jacob  Ramgopal Rao Sajjalaguddam  Hari Kishan Sudini 《农业科学学报》2018,17(4):892-900

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that includes peanuts. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soilborne diseases. The current investigation is aimed at evaluating one potential biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for growth promotion and the management of peanut stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii under field conditions. Preliminary studies conducted under in vitro and the greenhouse conditions showed promising results against the stem rot pathogen. Further in vitro and pot experiments conducted to assess Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for its growth promoting abilities using whole organisms have shown an increase in seed germination, root and shoot length. Other parameters like nodule number and plant biomass were also significantly increased over control treatments indicating that the test bioagent possesses growth promoting abilities along with disease suppression capabilities. Subsequently field studies were carried out for two consecutive rainy seasons. The bioagent was applied as whole organism and partially purified crude metabolites. Results indicate the bioagent reduced stem rot disease incidence by 64–67% and 22–49% respectively in two field trials conducted with notable increase in yield. Partially purified Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 metabolites exhibited an even greater effect in reducing the incidence and severity of stem rot compared to the pathogen inoculated control.  相似文献   

Response of baby corn genotypes to soil and foliar nitrogen application schedule     

Madhav Prasad Neupane  Shiv Prakash Singh  Sai Sravan Uppu 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(13):1912-1926

Responsive genotypes, timing and mode of nitrogen application are important for realizing potential yield of winter baby corn. Soil application of nitrogen is a common practice. Foliar application enhances absorption and utilization of nitrogen particularly after anthesis. We investigated combined approach in management of nitrogen for the first time including soil applications followed by foliar urea spray to enhance baby corn yield and profitability. To determine these, 2-year study conducted with three genotypes and six schedules of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). Growth characters, productivity traits, harvest period and yields recorded. Nitrogen content and uptake, protein content and harvest were determined. Genotype HM-4 produced 4.6% and 4.1% more cobs and corn weight over HQPM-1. Combined approach resulted higher yield attributes, yields, N uptake, protein harvest and monetary returns. RDN in 4 splits with more basal (B) dose increased cob and corn yield by 4.8% and 5.1% than 3 splits (50% B). Results suggest that HM-4 be grown using RDN 50% as B, 25% at knee height stage, 20% at tassel emergence followed by 5% foliar spray after first picking as urea solution (3%) for achieving higher yield and net returns. More studies needed under diverse conditions.  相似文献   

Ethnobotanical studies of the dwindling aboriginal Jarawa tribe in Andaman Islands,India     

Mohamed Umer Sharief  Sitaram Prasad Panda 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(8):1861-1872

World over the traditional knowledge has always formed the foundation for development of modern medicines as a result of scientific follow up of the traditional knowledge. Andaman archipelago represents one of the greatest emporia of ethno botanical wealth in India where aboriginal native tribes of ancient culture remain in their virginity and possess abundant ethnic knowledge. The Jarawas of Andaman Island are one such primitive and dwindling community. Jarawas inhabit the Jarawa Reserve located along the western parts of the South and Middle Andamans. A brief account of anthropology of the tribe is given. Results of ethnobotanical studies of Jarawa tribe have been enumerated which revealed interesting plants which can be further prioritized for scientific evaluation and Bioprospection for product development. The species like Alpinia manii, Amomum aculeatum, belonging to Zingiberaceae and Pseuduvaria prainii, Orophea katschallica of Annonaceae are shown to have effective insect and bee repellent properties. Such leads should be subjected to further scientific scrutiny for development of global level products having mosquito and other disease causing insect repellent properties. While this achieves the human welfare aspects, at the same time boosts the economy of the region. The Jarawas possess extensive knowledge of the plants of the surrounding forests and use them in their daily life for food, medicine, shelter, fibres, ornaments, bows and arrows and for many other needs. Such plants are enumerated with correct botanical names, family, Jarawa names, plant parts used along with details of use.  相似文献   

土壤碳氮对多年生能源草、覆盖作物和氮施肥的响应     

Upendra M. SAINJU  Hari P. SINGH  Bharat P. SINGH 《土壤圈》2017,27(2):223-235

Cover crop and nitrogen(N) fertilization may maintain soil organic matter under bioenergy perennial grass where removal of aboveground biomass for feedstock to produce cellulosic ethanol can reduce soil quality. We evaluated the effects of cover crops and N fertilization rates on soil organic carbon(C)(SOC), total N(STN), ammonium N(NH_4-N), and nitrate N(NO_3-N) contents at the0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm depths under perennial bioenergy grass from 2010 to 2014 in the southeastern USA. Treatments included unbalanced combinations of perennial bioenergy grass, energy cane(Saccharum spontaneum L.) or elephant grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), cover crop, crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum L.), and N fertilization rates(0, 100, and 200 kg N ha~(-1)). Cover crop biomass and C and N contents were greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha~(-1) than in the treatment of energy cane and elephant grass. The SOC and STN contents at 0–5 and 5–15 cm were 9%–20% greater in the treatments of elephant grass with cover crop and with or without 100 kg N ha~(-1)than in most of the other treatments. The soil NO_3-N content at 0–5 cm was 31%–45% greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha~(-1)than in most of the other treatments.The SOC sequestration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 Mg C ha~(-1)year~(-1)and the STN sequestration from 0.03 to 0.11 Mg N ha~(-1)year~(-1)from 2010 to 2014 for various treatments and depths. In contrast, the soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N contents varied among treatments,depths, and years. Soil C and N storages can be enriched and residual NO_3-N content can be reduced by using elephant grass with cover crop and with or without N fertilization at a moderate rate.  相似文献   

Controlled-environment and field evaluation of heat stress induced genetic variability on translocation efficiency and grain filling traits in rice     

Ayyavu  Vinitha  Dhashnamurthi  Vijayalakshmi  Venugopal  Babu Rajendra Prasad 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(5):535-545

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The grain filling of rice is gets weakened by heat stress due to reduced spike photosynthesis at high temperature stress. An alternate source of carbon...  相似文献