Helminths of Wildlife.     

BL Munday 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(1):66-66

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The effect of a combined Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus vaccine and a modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine against enzootic pneumonia in young beef calves.   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

J Van Donkersgoed  A A Potter  B Mollison    R J Harland 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(4):239-241

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Occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in platypuses (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Tasmania     

BL MUNDAY  NJ STEWART  A SÖDERGREN 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(2):129-130

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Excretion of carbon-14-labeled aflatoxin B1 via bile, urine, and intestinal contents of the chicken.     

E C Harland  P T Cardeilhac 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(7):909-912

Carbon-14-labeled aflatoxin B1 was prepared by growing Aspergillus parasiticus in medium containing sucrose-14-C as the sole carbon source. The 14-C-labeled aflatoxin B1 was extracted with chloroform and purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) followed by precipitation from solution and washing. The 14-C-labeled aflatoxin B1 was intravenously given to anesthetized dwarf White Leghorn or Rhode Island Red hens with cannulated ureters and bile ducts. The 14-C had a calculated plasma half-life of 1.5 minutes and rapidly appeared in the bile. The 14-C concentration in the bile reached values approximately 7 times maximum for plasma, and most could no longer be extracted with chloroform. This finding indicated that metabolites of the 14-C-labeled aflatoxin B1 had been excreted against a concentration gradient into the bile. The quantities of 14-C excreted via bile, urine, and intestinal contents remained at a fairly constant ratio of 70:15:15, respectively, over the 315-minute experimental period. Six major chloroform-soluble compounds containing 14-C were isolated. Three of these were tentatively identified as aflatoxin B1, B2, and M1. A 4th was believed to be aflatoxin B2a. None of the early chloroform-soluble metabolites were as cytotoxic as aflatoxin B1.  相似文献   

Chlamydial infection and on‐farm risk factors in dairy cattle herds in South East Queensland     

SI Anstey  BL Quigley  A Polkinghorne  M Jelocnik 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(12):505-508

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Supplementation of Slow‐Release Melatonin Improves Recovery of Ovarian Cyclicity and Conception in Summer Anoestrous Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)          下载免费PDF全文

A Kumar  S Mehrotra  G Singh  VP Maurya  K Narayanan  AS Mahla  RK Chaudhari  M Singh  YK Soni  BL Kumawat  SK Dabas  N Srivastava 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):10-17

The role of melatonin as a protective neurohormone against restoring cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals in photoperiod species has gained wider acceptance. This study was designed to uncover the evidence the slow‐release melatonin (MLT) has on initiation of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate (CR) in summer anoestrous buffaloes. Thus, buffaloes diagnosed as summer anoestrous (absence of overt signs of oestrus, concurrent rectal examination and radioimmunoassay for serum progesterone at 10 days interval) were grouped as untreated (Group I, sterilized corn oil, n = 8) and treated (Group II, single subcutaneous injection of MLT @18 mg/50 kg bwt in sterilized corn oil, n = 20). Animals treated and detected in oestrus were artificially inseminated (AI) followed by division into Group III (second dose of MLT on 5th day post‐AI, n = 8) and Group IV (no melatonin administration, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at 4 days interval for estimation of serum MLT, progesterone and oestrogen using radioimmunoassay kit. Mean oestrous induction rate (OIR), oestrous induction interval (OII), interoestrous interval (IOI) and CR were estimated. Compared to control, concentration of melatonin was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in treated group ranging from 14.34 ± 1.72 to 412.31 ± 14.47 pg/ml whereas other two hormones did not show any concentration difference. Melatonin‐administered buffaloes showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher (90%) OIR with OII of 18.06 ± 1.57 days. Results showed improvement in conception rate in buffaloes administered with post‐insemination melatonin. It can be concluded from the study that slow‐release melatonin supplementation restored cyclicity in summer anoestrous animals resulting in improvement in conception rate in buffaloes.  相似文献   

Evaluation of action thresholds for chronic rice insect pests in the Philippines. I. Less frequently occurring pests and overall assessment     

JA Litsinger  JP Bandong  BL Canapi  CG Dela Cruz  PC Pantua  AL Alviola 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):45-61

Action thresholds as decision tools for insecticide application were developed and tested against the major insect pests of rice at four sites in the Philippines over a 13-year period. Action threshold treatments were compared to the farmers' practice, prophylactic insecticide usage, and an untreated check. Yield loss data using the insecticide check method partitioned yield losses over three crop growth stages in the same test fields. Chronic pests that exceeded action thresholds in 79% of fields were whorl maggot Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Diptera: Ephydridae), defoliators Naranga aenescens Moore and Rivula atimeta (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), leaffolders Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and stemborers Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and S. innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Minor chronic pests reached threshold levels in only one site each: rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) (Koronadal), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Zaragoza) and green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Guimba); brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) did not exceed a threshold in any field. Stemborers were the most important pest group in terms of yield loss. Despite the insecticide check method underestimating losses, a mean crop loss of 0.62 t/ha was measured which showed ample scope for corrective action. But loss was evenly distributed across crop growth stages (0.15?–?0.24 t/ha) reducing the impact of insecticides. Action threshold treatments overall outyielded the untreated check, more so in the two sites with highest pest density. The benefit of thresholds was to reduce insecticide usage, as a cost saving. However all the practices showed poor economic returns including the farmers' practice. Farmers' practice employed low insecticide dosages and timing was not consistent with pest damage, but yields were often similar to threshold treatments. Farmers appear to use insecticide more for risk aversion than for profit. The best threshold characters when evaluated against resulting pest density and yield loss criteria showed accuracies >?90% correct decisions. Future work is needed to improve the insecticide response rather than monitoring tools. Thresholds need to be incorporated into improved crop management, which was often found suboptimal by farmers, to take advantage of the high levels of tolerance in modern high tillering cultivars. Crop husbandry practices which improve yield potential such as selection of longer maturing varieties and nitrogen fertilizer may be a more effective pest management strategy than insecticides.  相似文献   

Neospora caninum infection in dogs     

BL MUNDAY  JP DUBEY  RW MASON 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(2):76-77

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A common variant on chromosome 9p21 affects the risk of myocardial infarction     

Helgadottir A  Thorleifsson G  Manolescu A  Gretarsdottir S  Blondal T  Jonasdottir A  Jonasdottir A  Sigurdsson A  Baker A  Palsson A  Masson G  Gudbjartsson DF  Magnusson KP  Andersen K  Levey AI  Backman VM  Matthiasdottir S  Jonsdottir T  Palsson S  Einarsdottir H  Gunnarsdottir S  Gylfason A  Vaccarino V  Hooper WC  Reilly MP  Granger CB  Austin H  Rader DJ  Shah SH  Quyyumi AA  Gulcher JR  Thorgeirsson G  Thorsteinsdottir U  Kong A  Stefansson K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5830):1491-1493

The global endemic of cardiovascular diseases calls for improved risk assessment and treatment. Here, we describe an association between myocardial infarction (MI) and a common sequence variant on chromosome 9p21. This study included a total of 4587 cases and 12,767 controls. The identified variant, adjacent to the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B, was associated with the disease with high significance. Approximately 21% of individuals in the population are homozygous for this variant, and their estimated risk of suffering myocardial infarction is 1.64 times as great as that of noncarriers. The corresponding risk is 2.02 times as great for early-onset cases. The population attributable risk is 21% for MI in general and 31% for early-onset cases.  相似文献   

Whole-grain intake as a marker of healthy body weight and adiposity     

Harland JI  Garton LE 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(6):554-563

OBJECTIVE: To review evidence relating to the consumption of whole grains and healthy body weight (BW). DESIGN: Systematic review and analysis of observational studies reporting whole-grain consumption and measures of BW and adiposity, including the effect on macronutrient intakes and lifestyle factors. SETTING: Medline and other databases were searched for the period 1990 to 2006 to produce a full reference list; observational studies were retained for further analysis if they included an appropriate control group and reported whole-grain intake and body mass index (BMI) or a measure of adiposity. SUBJECTS: Fifteen trials were identified which included data from 119 829 male and female subjects aged 13 years and over. RESULTS: The combined and weighted mean difference in BMI from 15 studies representing 20 treatment groups (n = 119 829) using a random-effects model was 0.630 kg/m2 lower when high versus low whole-grain intake was compared, P < 0.0001 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.460, 0.800 kg/m2). In high consumers, adiposity assessed as waist circumference was reduced by 2.7 (95 % CI 0.2, 5.2) cm, P = 0.03 (six data sets, n = 4178) or as waist:hip ratio by 0.023 (95 % CI 0.016, 0.030), P < 0.0001 (four data sets, n = 20 147). Higher intake of whole grains led to increased dietary fibre intake (9 g, P < 0.01), while total and saturated fat intakes decreased by 11 g and 3.9 g, respectively. CONCLUSION: A higher intake of whole grains (about three servings per day) was associated with lower BMI and central adiposity. In addition, people who consume more whole grains are likely to have a healthier lifestyle as fewer of them smoke, they exercise more frequently and they tend to have lower fat and higher fibre intakes.  相似文献