Oceans Past. Management Insights from the History of Marine Animal Populations     

Paul J. B. Hart 《Fish and Fisheries》2008,9(3):329-330

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Agriculture's contribution to the solid waste problem     

Samuel A. Hart 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1975,4(2):189-190

The pound of beef in the supermarket meat counter is the result of 25 lbs of manure being left in the field and feedlot. Similar patterns of tremendous quantities of field and processing plant wastes per unit of consumable food exist for all other agricultural commodities. The waste management principles for agricultural wastes are the same as for any other of society's unwanteds, but the fortuitous (not-by-design) ability to dispose of or utilize many agricultural wastes back to the land is explored. The limitations, in economics, technology, and assimilative capacity are considered.  相似文献   

Status of Sensitivity of Northern German Botrytis Populations to the New Sdhi Fungicide Fluopyram Prior to its Release as a Commercial Fungicide     

Weber  Roland WS  Entrop  Alfred-Peter  Goertz  Andreas  Mehl  Andreas 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2015,122(2):81-90

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In a survey of Botrytis populations in Northern Germany in 2012-2014, an average of 67.7% and 73.8% of isolates from strawberry and raspberry fields...  相似文献   

天然保鲜剂壳聚糖对白桃的保鲜效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

徐根娣  李方  张淑娜  朱美红  吴韶辉 《贵州农业科学》2009,37(3)

为了探讨源东白桃的保鲜技术,以市售壳聚糖保鲜液为原料,进行了常温和4℃条件下源东白桃贮藏保鲜的研究.结果表明,市售壳聚糖保鲜液处理后的白桃失水率、腐烂率明显降低,能抑制可溶性固形物含量的增加,提高总糖的含量,可有效降低果实膜透性.表明,市售壳聚糖是一种安全、高效的天然保鲜剂,可作为常温下贮藏白桃的一种简单有效、安全的方法.  相似文献   

Thinning reduces soil carbon dioxide but not methane flux from southwestern USA ponderosa pine forests     

B.W. Sullivan  T.E. Kolb  S.C. Hart  J.P. Kaye  S. Dore  M. Montes-Helu 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008,255(12):4047-4055

Forest soils are important components of the global carbon cycle because they both store and release carbon. Carbon dioxide is released from soil to the atmosphere as a result of plant root and microbial respiration. Additionally, soils in dry forests are often sinks of methane from the atmosphere. Both carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases whose increasing concentration in the atmosphere contributes to climate warming. Thinning treatments are being implemented in ponderosa pine forests across the southwestern United States to restore historic forest structure and reduce the risk of severe wildfire. This study addresses how thinning alters fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane in ponderosa pine forest soils within one year of management and examines mechanisms of change. Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes, soil temperature, soil water content, forest floor mass, root mass, understory plant biomass, and soil microbial biomass carbon were measured before and after the implementation of a thinning and in an unthinned forest. Carbon dioxide efflux from soil decreased as a result of thinning in two of three summer months. Average summer carbon dioxide efflux declined by an average of 34 mg C m⁻² hr⁻¹ in the first year after thinning. Methane oxidation did not change in response to thinning. Thinning had no significant short-term effect on total forest floor mass, total root biomass, or microbial biomass carbon in the mineral soil. Understory plant biomass increased after thinning. Thinning increased carbon available for decomposition by killing tree roots, but our results suggest that thinning reduced carbon dioxide emissions from the soil because the reduction in belowground autotrophic respiration was larger than the stimulation of heterotrophic respiration. Methane oxidation was probably not affected by thinning because thinning did not alter the forest floor mass enough to affect methane diffusion from the atmosphere into the soil.  相似文献   

Real-time polymerase chain reaction monitoring of recombinant DNA entry into soil from decomposing roundup ready leaf biomass     

Levy-Booth DJ  Campbell RG  Gulden RH  Hart MM  Powell JR  Klironomos JN  Pauls KP  Swanton CJ  Trevors JT  Dunfield KE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6339-6347

Glyphosate-tolerant, Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans account for about 57% of all genetically modified (GM) crops grown worldwide. The entry of recombinant DNA into soil from GM crops has been identified as an environmental concern due to the possibility of their horizontal transfer to soil microorganisms. RR soybeans contain recombinant gene sequences that can be differentiated from wild-type plant and microbial genes in soil by using a sequence-specific molecular beacon and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A molecular beacon-based real-time PCR system to quantify a wild-type soybean lectin ( le1) gene was designed to compare amounts of endogenous soybean genes to recombinant DNA in soil. Microcosm studies were carried out to develop methodologies for the detection of recombinant DNA from RR soybeans in soil. RR soybean leaf litterbags were imbedded in the soil under controlled environmental conditions (60% water holding capacity, 10/15 degrees C, and 8/16 h day/night) for 30 days. The soybean biomass decomposition was described using a single-phase exponential equation, and the DNA concentration in planta and in soil was quantified using real-time PCR using sequence-specific molecular beacons for the recombinant cp4 epsps and endogenous soybean lectin ( le1) genes. The biomass of RR soybean leaves was 8.6% less than nontransgenic (NT) soybean leaves after 30 days. The pooled half-disappearance time for cp4 epsps and le1 in RR and of le1 in NT soybean leaves was 1.4 days. All genes from leaves were detected in soil after 30 days. This study provides a methodology for monitoring the entry of RR and NT soybean DNA into soil from decomposing plant residues.  相似文献   

Application of compost and clay under water-stressed conditions influences functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria     

Bede?S.?MickanEmail author  Lynette?K.?Abbott  Jingwei?Fan  Miranda?M.?Hart  Kadambot?H.?M.?Siddique  Zakaria?M.?Solaiman  Sasha?N.?Jenkins 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2018,54(1):55-70

Applications of compost and clay to ameliorate soil constraints such as water stress are potential management strategies for sandy agricultural soils. Water repellent sandy soils in rain-fed agricultural systems limit production and have negative environmental effects associated with leaching and soil erosion. The aim was to determine whether compost and clay amendments in a sandy agricultural soil influenced the rhizosphere microbiome of Trifolium subterraneum under differing water regimes. Soil was amended with compost (2% w/w), clay (5% w/w) and a combination of both, in a glasshouse experiment with well-watered and water-stressed (70 and 35% field capacity) treatments. Ion Torrent 16S rRNA sequencing and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis of functional gene prediction were used to characterise the rhizosphere bacterial community and its functional component involved in nitrogen (N) cycling and soil carbon (C) degradation. Compost soil treatments increased the relative abundance of copiotrophic bacteria, decreased labile C and increased the abundance of recalcitrant C degrading genes. Predicted N cycling genes increased with the addition of clay (N₂ fixation, nitrification, denitrification) and compost + clay (N₂ fixation, denitrification) and decreased with compost (for denitrification) amendment. Water stress did not alter the relative abundance of phylum level taxa in the presence of compost, although copiotrophic Actinobacteria increased in relative abundance with addition of clay and with compost + clay. A significant role of compost and clay under water stress in influencing the composition of rhizosphere bacteria and their implications for N cycling and C degradation was demonstrated.  相似文献   

Effects of supplemental dietary vitamin C on quality of semen from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) breeders          下载免费PDF全文

NLAF Sarmento  EFF Martins  DC Costa  WS Silva  CC Mattioli  MR Luz  RK Luz 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(1):144-152

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on growth and quality of semen from Oreochromis niloticus breeders. One hundred and sixty males were fed with different levels of vitamin C (0, 261, 599 and 942 mg/kg diet). The higher weight values were recorded for 599 (166 g) and 942 (175 g) mg of vitamin C/kg diet. Sperm motility, vigour and concentration were higher with 599 and 942 mg of vitamin C/kg diet. The semen volume, gonadosomatic index and plasma protein data from the last week showed a direct relationship with increasing levels of vitamin C. No changes were observed in the hepatosomatic index and blood glucose. The haematocrit and erythrocyte showed higher values estimated by equations derived at 850 and 638 mg vitamin C/kg diet, respectively. The leucocytes were inversely proportional to the increasing levels of vitamin C. After 100 days of feeding, animals fed the diet containing 942 mg vitamin C/kg diet had higher sperm motility, linearity, curvilinear velocity, straight line velocity and average path velocity (p < .05). Higher values of beat cross‐frequency were observed in broodfish fed diets containing 942 and 599 mg vitamin C/kg. The different vitamin C levels did not cause differences in straightness, lateral head displacement and sperm morphology. For Nile tilapia males on intensive rearing and handling conditions, vitamin C levels between 599 and 942 mg/kg may be used for a better performance and quality of semen.  相似文献   

Detection of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs by Doppler Echocardiography     

K.E. Schober  T.M. Hart  J.A. Stern  X. Li  V.F. Samii  L.J. Zekas  B.A. Scansen  J.D. Bonagura 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(6):1358-1368

Background: Echocardiographic prediction of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs has not been prospectively evaluated. Hypothesis: CHF can be predicted by Doppler echocardiographic (DE) variables of left ventricular (LV) filling in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (MVD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Animals: Sixty‐three client‐owned dogs. Methods: Prospective clinical cohort study. Physical examination, thoracic radiography, analysis of natriuretic peptides, and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Diagnosis of CHF was based upon clinical and radiographic findings. Presence or absence of CHF was predicted using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve, multivariate logistic and stepwise regression, and best subsets analyses. Results: Presence of CHF secondary to MVD or DCM could best be predicted by E : isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) (area under the ROC curve [AUC]=0.97, P < .001), respiration rate (AUC=0.94, P < .001), Diastolic Functional Class (AUC=0.93, P < .001), and a combination of Diastolic Functional Class, IVRT, and respiration rate (R²=0.80, P < .001) or Diastolic Functional Class (AUC=1.00, P < .001), respiration rate (AUC=1.00, P < .001), and E : IVRT (AUC=0.99, P < .001), and a combination of Diastolic Functional Class and E : IVRT (R²=0.94, P < .001), respectively, whereas other variables including N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, E : Ea, and E : Vp were less useful. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Various DE variables can be used to predict CHF in dogs with MVD and DCM. Determination of the clinical benefit of such variables in initiating, modulating, and assessing success of treatments for CHF needs further study.  相似文献   

Partial carpal arthrodesis in a 2-year-old alpaca     

Jann HW  Hart JC  Moorman VJ  Strauss PM  Fackelman GE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(8):881-884

A 2-year-old alpaca was presented for acute onset right forelimb lameness. Clinical findings included bilateral carpal valgus (more severe in the affected forelimb) and medial instability of the right radio-carpal joint. Surgical treatment consisted of radio-carpal joint arthrodesis, which is presented as a therapeutic option for severe carpal instability secondary to injury to the supporting ligamentous structures of the carpus.  相似文献