Modified resazurin microtiter assay for in vitro and in vivo assessment of sulfamonomethoxine activity against the fish pathogen <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocardia seriolae</Emphasis>     

Tamer Fawzy Ismail  Atsushi Nakamura  Kenji Nakanishi  Takayuki Minami  Takuya Murase  Soetsu Yanagi  Toshiaki Itami  Terutoyo Yoshida 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(2):351-357

Resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) was carried out using four sulfonamides, three culture media, and four inoculum sizes as a first screening step to establish an easy-to-interpret sulfonamides susceptibility testing method for Nocardia seriolae. The in vitro activity of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) against 190 clinical N. seriolae isolates was then examined, and in vivo experimental treatment was performed. When the culture medium and the inoculum size were considered in tandem, a 0.5× the original concentration of cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth and an inoculum size of 10² CFU/well showed the clearest endpoint reading for all tested drugs, and the REMA-generated data were in excellent agreement with those generated by the reference Etest method. SMM activity showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 4–32 μg/ml against all tested N. seriolae isolates. Treatment of amberjack groups experimentally infected with N. seriolae isolates having SMM MICs of 4 and 32 μg/ml, resulted in survival rates of 100% and 87.5% in the two groups, respectively. In this study, we developed a simple visual method to test SMM activity against N. seriolae.  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of the endangered Kiso horse using 31 microsatellite DNAs     

Takasu M  Hiramatsu N  Tozaki T  Kakoi H  Nakagawa T  Hasegawa T  Huricha  Maeda M  Murase T  Mukoyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):161-166

In order to contribute to conservation of the endangered Kiso horse, we clarified their genetic information using 31 microsatellite DNAs, and genotyped 125 horses, 83% of the existing breed. First, we clarified the current status of the horses. The horses were confirmed to have experienced rapid loss of population causing a bottleneck, and their effective population size was much smaller than their census size. Moreover, the number of alleles (6.3), observed heterozygosity (0.674), and expected heterozygosity (0.662) were in the same range as other endangered horses all over the world. Therefore, although their inbreeding level was not so severe (F(is): -0.017), the Kiso horse is surely one of the endangered. Second, we obtained genetic information of individuals. This information allowed us to understand the genetic distance of individuals, and might help in development of a reproductive strategy concerning the genetic distance between the mating pairs. Moreover, there appeared to be 4 subpopulations of Kiso horse, and this result was in good agreement with their historical background. Third, we confirmed that the parentage test for identification using the 31 microsatellite DNAs was highly reliable (probability of exclusion: 0.999999993). This identification increases the reliability of stud certification, and is also helpful for effective management. Understanding the genetic diversity within the population and the relationships among individuals is important to ensuring effective management for maintenance of genetic variation, and this study may help in conservation of the endangered Kiso horse.  相似文献   

Assessment for predicting parturition in mares based on prepartum temperature changes using a digital rectal thermometer and microchip transponder thermometry device     

Korosue K  Murase H  Sato F  Ishimaru M  Endo Y  Nambo Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(7):845-850

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in body temperature before parturition using a wireless temperature monitoring device (WTMD) and to evaluate the usefulness of body temperature measurements using a digital rectal thermometer (DRT) and a microchip transponder thermometry device (MTTD) for predicting parturition in mares. The body temperatures using a WTMD at 0 hr and -1 hr were significantly different from those at the same time on Days 1-5 (P<0.01). The temperature differences between the morning of Day 0 and at -3 hr, -2 hr, -1 hr and 0 hr using the DRT and MTTD showed a significant drop compared with the temperature differences between the morning and evening of Days 1-5 (P<0.05). Furthermore, when the cutoff value of the temperature differences between the morning and other times was set to ≤0, the sensitivities of the DRT and MTTD in the evening of Day 0 and at -3 hr were 43% and 100% and 71% and 86%, respectively. The results suggested that monitoring the body temperature differences between morning and within 3 hr before the time of parturition is a valuable method for predicting parturition in mares. Conversely, this method would be more useful in predicting parturition when used in combination with other observations such as the mammary gland size and waxing of the teat ends because it has nearly a 20% probability of false-positive results prior to the day of parturition.  相似文献   

Antibody response in cows infected with Corynebacterium renale with special reference to the differentiation of pyelonephritis and cystitis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

T Hiramune  S Inui  N Murase  R Yanagawa 《Research in veterinary science》1972,13(1):82-86

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Effects of final dilution rate, sperm concentration and times for cooling and glycerol equilibration on post-thaw characteristics of canine spermatozoa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Okano T  Murase T  Asano M  Tsubota T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(11):1359-1364

This study re-evaluated a protocol for cryopreservation of canine semen. Semen from 4 beagle dogs was pooled, concentrated by centrifugation and adjusted to increasing sperm concentrations by adding back seminal plasma. The prepared or original semen was diluted with an extender (Egg yolk-Tris-citrate-glucose) and cooled to 4 degrees C (cooling), followed by a second dilution with the same extender including glycerol, equilibrated at 4 degrees C (equilibration), then stored in liquid nitrogen. The semen was diluted for frozen samples having a fixed sperm concentration with increasing dilution rates or for those having the reverse combinations. Various dilution rates of 2.5-10 folds or sperm concentrations of 0.25-2.5 x 10(8)/ml had no significant effect on post-thaw sperm characteristics. When cooling was done for different times (0-26 hr) with glycerol equilibration for 1 hr, post-thaw characteristics were better at 2 and 3 hr of cooling, while various times for equilibration (0-4 hr) with cooling for 3 hr had no effect. These results suggest that different dilution rates and sperm concentrations within the ranges tested may not affect the post-thaw sperm characterisitics and that sufficient time for cooling may be essential but a specific equilibration time may not necessarily be required.  相似文献   

Allelic frequency of PCR-RFLP type of the BoLA-DRB3 in Japanese Holstein herds and the relation to mastitis     

Tatsuyuki YOSHIDA  Harutaka MUKOYAMA  Hiroki FURUTA  Colin W. HOLMES  Motoaki KOSUGIYAMA  Hiroshi TOMOGANE 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):409-416

Holstein Cows ( n  = 702) from 26 dairy herds in the Tama area of Tokyo, Japan were examined for polymorphisms of the BoLA-DRB3 allele using a PCR-RFLP method. Twenty alleles were observed and allelic frequencies ranged from < 1% to 20.3%. Nine alleles ( DRB3.2 * 24, * 16, * 8, * 23, * 22, * 3, * 11 , * 10 and * 7 in order) constituted 90.0% of all alleles. Somatic cell counts (SCC) were used to classify healthy (group 1), mastitis (group 2) and suspected (group 3) cows. Frequencies of DRB3.2 * 11 and DRB3.2 * 23 were slightly higher in group 1 than in group 2, whereas, frequencies of DRB3.2 * 8 and DRB3.2 * 16 were slightly higher in group 2 than in group 1. However, none of the differences in frequencies between the two groups were statistically significant. For combinations of alleles, frequencies of DRB3.2 * 8/ * 23 ( P  < 0.1) and DRB3.2 * 16/ * 24 ( P  < 0.05) were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1, and their odds ratios were 2.1, 2.5, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between genotypes in their effects for SCC. On the other hand, frequency of DRB3.2 * 23/ * 23 including combinations of DRB3.2 * 23 with minor alleles was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.01), and the odds ratio was 0.3. Therefore, it was considered that mastitis resistance or susceptibility of cows may vary with the combination of BoLA-DRB3 alleles.  相似文献   

Estimation of the abundance of the sei whale <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balaenoptera borealis</Emphasis> in the central and eastern North Pacific in summer using sighting data from 2010 to 2012     

Takashi Hakamada  Koji Matsuoka  Hiroto Murase  Toshihide Kitakado 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(6):887-895

The abundance of the sei whale Balaenoptera borealis in the central and eastern North Pacific (north of 40°N, south of the Alaskan coast including both the US and Canadian Exclusive Economic Zones between 170°E and 135°W), from July to August, was estimated by the line transect method using sighting data obtained during the 2010–2012 International Whaling Commission-Pacific Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research cruises. The probability of detecting whales at a perpendicular distance from the transect was estimated using two different models: hazard rate and half-normal models. Because the difference in Akaike’s information criterion between the two models was small, the Akaike weighted average of the two models was taken, which gave an estimated abundance of 29,632 (coefficient of variation, 0.242; 95% confidence interval, 18,576–47,267). This is the first abundance estimate of sei whales in this region based on systematic sighting survey data, which contributes to an understanding of the current status of this species.  相似文献   

Special issue on bio-robotics     

Noboru Noguchi  Haruhiko Murase 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2008,63(1)

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Nursery habitat use for larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii in Miyako Bay on the Pacific coast of northern Japan     

Yamane  Kodai  Murase  Iki  Shirafuji  Norio  Hayashi  Akira  Nagakura  Yoshitomo  Watanabe  Yoshiro 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(3):407-416

Fisheries Science - To clarify nursery habitat use for larval and juvenile Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, we collected eggs, larvae, and juveniles at several sampling sites in inner Miyako Bay...  相似文献   

Impact of soil solarization on the ciliate community structure of a greenhouse soil     

Jun Murase  Yoko Shinohara  Kazunori Yokoe  Risa Matsuda  Susumu Asakawa  Tomoyoshi Hashimoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):927-933

Soil solarization is an ecologically friendly method of controlling various plant pathogens and pests, but also affects non-pathogenic members of the soil biota. Here, we studied the impact of soil solarization on the community structure of soil ciliates using a culture-independent molecular approach, namely denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of targeted 18S rRNA gene fragments. Greenhouse soil with added organic fertilizers was solarized for 33 days at an average temperature of 47–48°C. Solarization caused a drastic change in the ciliate community. The variation between replicates was large, which suggested that the distribution of ciliates was spatially heterogeneous in the soil, probably due to their decreased numbers. In contrast, non-solarized soil had a stable and homogeneous ciliate community during the experimental period. In solarized soil, most of the original ciliate community recovered 76 days after solarization. Sequence analysis of DGGE fragments indicated that both r-selected and K-selected species of ciliates were affected by solarization but recovered with time after solarization. Our results demonstrated both the vulnerability and resilience of the ciliate community to soil solarization and also the utility of using molecular-based analysis of ciliate communities as bioindicators of soil stress caused by solarization.  相似文献