Treatment of canine otitis externa using video otoscopy     

Usui R  Usui R  Fukuda M  Fukui E  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(9):1249-1252

Otitis externa in 27 toy poodles and 40 miniature dachshunds was treated using a video otoscope. A distinct concavity (external tympanic concavity) was observed at the junction between the ventral part of the external surface of the tympanum and the ear canal to which a considerable amount of hair and debris had adhered. All hair and debris adhering to the external tympanic concavity were removed, and systemic antibiotic and antifungal agents were administered, after which all of the dogs recovered. The pattern of hair growth observed in the external tympanic concavity could be characterized according to the breed of dog. All of the toy poodles presented with curly hairs, while the miniature dachshunds had upright or flat-lying hairs.  相似文献   

The antagonist activity of lipid IVa on the stimulation by lipid A of TNF-alpha production from canine blood mononuclear cells     

Takasawa K  Kano R  Maruyama H  Hasegawa A  Kamata H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,143(1-2):167-169

Lipid A, the active component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exists in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and binds to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex. On the other hand, the synthetic precursor of Escherichia coli lipid A, tetraacylated lipid IVa, is an agonist for TLR4 and MD-2 complex in murine, equine and feline cells but is an antagonist for lipid A in human cells. The aim of the study was to examine the function of canine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD-2 complex on canine blood mononuclear cells (BMC), by analyzing lipid A- or lipid IVa-induction of TNF-α production from these cells in order to understand canine innate immune system. After 5-h culture of canine BMC with lipid A (lipid A culture) or lipid IVa (lipid IVa culture), the TNF-α, as determined by ELISA, had increased in the supernatants of the lipid A cultures in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the TNF-α was undetectable in supernatant of lipid IVa-treated cultures. The TNF-α was statistically significantly different between the lipid A and lipid IVa cultures (100 and 1000 ng/ml). TNF-α production from canine BMC was inhibited, in a lipid IVa-dose-dependent manner, when the BMC were pre-cultured with lipid IVa for 60 min and then cultured with lipid A for 5h, while in control BMC cultures production if TNF-α was unchanged. These results indicate that the TNF-α production stimulated by lipid A was competed out by pre-exposing the BMC to lipid IVa. Thus, lipid A is an agonist for TNF-α production in canine BMC, whereas lipid IVa appears to be an antagonist against this lipid A stimulation of canine BMC.  相似文献   

Geographic distribution of Waxy gene SNPs and indels in foxtail millet, Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.     

Takehiro Hachiken  Kei Sato  Takahiro Hasegawa  Katsuyuki Ichitani  Makoto Kawase  Kenji Fukunaga 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1559-1570

To elucidate diversity and evolution of the Waxy gene in foxtail millet, Setaria italica, we analyzed sequence polymorphism of Waxy gene in 83 foxtail millet landraces collected from various regions covering the entire geographical distribution of this millet in Europe and Asia. We found a unique geographic distribution pattern at the sequence level of gene haplotypes and also found a large diversity in East Asian landraces. We also found a higher degree of genetic polymorphism in a non-waxy phenotype than in other low amylose types, supporting the hypothesis that low amylose types recently originated from non-waxy type.  相似文献   

Co-situs application of controlled-release fertilizers to alleviate iron chlorosis of paddy rice grown in calcareous soil     

C.K. Morikawa  M. Saigusa  H. Nakanishi  N.K. Nishizawa  K. Hasegawa  S. Mori 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1013-1021

Abstract

Co-situs is the placement with one application of a sufficient amount of controlled-release fertilizer for an entire growing season at any site, together with seeds or seedlings, without causing fertilizer salt injury. An experiment was conducted to find an efficient method for ameliorating Fe deficiency in two rice cultivars (cv. Tsukinohikari and cv. Sasanishiki) grown in a calcareous soil (pH 9.2, CaCO₃ 384 g kg^?1), which was poor in organic matter (0.1 g kg^?1) and available Fe (3.0 μg g^?1 soil). The field treatments consisted of co-situs application of the following fertilizers: 1) controlled-release NPK fertilizer (CRF-NPK) containing no micronutrients; 2) controlled-release NPK fertilizer containing micronutrients (CRF-M1); and 3) controlled-release NPK fertilizer containing micronutrients (CRF-M2). The main difference between CRF-M1 and CRF-M2 was that the former had larger granules than the latter. All the fertilizers were placed in contact with the roots of rice seedlings at transplanting time. Plants in the CRF-M1 and CRF-M2 treatments had similar lengths, number of stems, leaf age, and leaf color (SPAR value) during the cultivation period. By contrast, plants from the CRF-NPK treatments grew poorly, showed severe chlorosis symptoms of Fe deficiency, and all died on 30 DAT. Plants of both cultivars accumulated more macroand micronutrients with the CRF-M2 treatment than with the CRF-M1 treatment. The grain yield of cv. Tsukinohikari was 0.0, 1,910, and 2,160 kg ha^?1 for the CRF-NPK, CRF-M1, and CRF-M2 treatments, respectively, and 0.0, 2,490, and 2,860 kg ha^?1 for the same treatments for cv. Nihonbare. Chlorosis due to iron deficiency was successfully ameliorated and world-average grain yields were obtained with the co-sites application of both controlled-release fertilizers.  相似文献   

Effect of Extraction Variables on the Biodegradable Chelant-Assisted Removal of Toxic Metals from Artificially Contaminated European Reference Soils     

Zinnat A. Begum  Ismail M. M. Rahman  Hikaru Sawai  Satoshi Mizutani  Teruya Maki  Hiroshi Hasegawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2013,224(3):1-21

Development of aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) having enhanced biodegradability is gaining increasing focus to replace the EDTA and its homologs with those used widely for the ex situ treatment of contaminated soils and are potential eco-threats. The paper reports the chelant-assisted extraction of the toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) from the metal-spiked European reference soils (Eurosoil 1 and Eurosoil 4) using biodegradable APCs, namely EDDS, GLDA, and HIDS. The effects of chelant-to-metal molar ratio, solution pH, and metal/chelant stability constants were evaluated, and compared with that of EDTA. The selectivity aptitude of the biodegradable chelants towards the toxic metals was assumed from the speciation calculations, and a proportionate correlation was observed at neutral pH. Pre- and post-extractive solid phase distributions of the target metals were defined using the sequential extraction procedure and dissolution of metals from the theoretically immobilized fraction was witnessed. The effect of competing species (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Mn) concentrations was proven to be minimized with an excess of chelant in solution. The highlight of the outcomes is the superior decontamination ability of GLDA, a biodegradable APC, at minimum chelant concentration in solution and applicability at a wide range of pH environments.  相似文献   

Effect of CO2 enrichment on fruit growth and quality in Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Reheder cv. Kosui)     

Junki Ito  Shigeki Hasegawa  Kounosuke Fujita  Shizuhiko Ogasawara  Tamio Fujiwara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):385-393

Six year-old Japanese pear (Pyrus seratina Reheder cv. Kosui) trees grafted on P. serotina cv. Nihonyamanashi were grown in containers filled with Granite Regosol under glasshouse conditions. At different stages of fruit growth, pear trees were exposed to an elevated CO₂ concentration (130 Pa CO₂ ) along with a control (35 Pa CO₂). For one group of plants, CO₂ enrichment was applied for 79 d from 52 d after full bloom (DAB) to fruit maturity (long-term CO₂ enrichment) and for another group the same treatment was applied for 35 d from 96 DAB to fruit maturity (short-term CO₂ enrichment). The effects of the elevated CO₂ concentration on vegetative growth, mineral contents, and fruit production and quality were examined. Long-term CO₂ enrichment enhanced vegetative growth, without any significant effect on the mineral contents in either flower bud or fruit except for a remarkable increase in the K content. Long-term CO₂ enrichment increased the fruit size and fresh weight, but had no significant effect on the fruit quality. On the other hand, the short-term CO₂ enrichment did not induce any significant change in the fruit size but increased the fruit sugar concentration. Along with the reduction of the sorbitol concentration in fruit, the fructose and sucrose concentrations increased and these changes occurred earlier at elevated CO₂ than at ambient CO₂ concentrations. From these results, we concluded that the effect of CO₂ enrichment on fruit growth varies depending upon the growth stages of fruit: during the initial and fruitlet stages when fruit expansion occurs, CO₂ enrichment increases the fruit size, whereas, during maturation when fruit expansion has slowed down and sugar accumulation in fruit is active, it increases the fruit sugar concentration.  相似文献   

Influence of soil-drying under field conditions on exchangeable manganese,cobalt, and copper contents     

Tomoyuki Makino  Syuichi Hasegawa  Yasuhiro Sakurai  Satoshi Ohno  Hirokatsu Utagawa  Yuji Maejima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):581-590

Abstract

The changes in the exchangeable Mn (Ex-Mn), exchangeable Co (Ex-Co), and exchangeable Cu (Ex-Cu) contents by air-drying of soils were reported in our previous paper. The drying effect, however, was not analyzed in the field. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of soil-drying under field conditions on Ex-Mn, Ex-Co, and Ex-Cu levels. Two paddy soils (Tsukuba and Yawara) were collected at four different soil depths (0?1, 1?5, 5?10, and 10?20 cm) under three different soil moisture conditions i.e., after harvest, after successive sunny days and after rainy days. After sunny days, Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents in the surface soil layer markedly increased and drastically decreased after rainfall, while they remained almost unchanged in the lower soil layers. Ex-Cu contents slightly increased in the surface soil layer after sunny days. A similar tendency was observed in soil column experiments. The contents of Ex-Mn, Ex-Co, and Ex-Cu increased 12, 12, and 2 times in the upper layer of soil columns that had been sampled from the Yawara field and stored in a dark room for 8 d. The increase of the Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents in the upper layer could not be explained by the capillary rise of soil water from the lower layers of the columns. In a soil-drying experiment under laboratory conditions, Ex-Mn and Ex-Co contents began to increase when the water content of the Yawara soil was lower than 0.09?0.13 kg kg^?1. The water content of the surface soil of the Yawara field after sunny days was 0.08 kg kg^?1. Ex-Cu content did not change apprecially with the water content. It is concluded that the increase of the Ex-Mn and Ex-Co levels in field surface soils after sunny days can be ascribed to soil-drying. Some of the excess Ex-Mn and Ex-Co is expected to leach down into lower layers due to rain, which may contribute to plant uptake of Mn and Co.  相似文献   

Molecular complex of lignosulfonic acid/poly(vinyl pyridine) via ionic interaction: characterization of chemical composition and application to material surface modifications     

Daisuke Hasegawa  Yoshikuni Teramoto  Yoshiyuki Nishio 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(2):143-152

Poly ion complexes of anionic lignosulfonic acid (LSA) with cationic poly(2-vinyl pyridine) or poly(4-vinyl pyridine) were prepared by mixing the polymer solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide or dilute hydrochloric acid. The complexes were formed as soon as the polymer solutions were mixed. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements for the complexes revealed the presence of strong ionic interactions between sulfonate anions of LSA and pyridinium cations of the vinyl pyridine (VPy) polymers. The strong interaction was supported by detection of a glass transition temperature (T _g) much higher than pristine T _g values of VPy polymers in differential scanning calorimetry. By using the ionic complexation, a coating of LSA onto VPy polymer films was undertaken to modify their original surface property. Formation of a thin complex film was confirmed by observation of absorption bands that are characteristic of the pyridinium cation in reflection FTIR spectra measurements, and by visualization of the attached LSA component in atomic force microscopy. This treatment resulted in the surface of the VPy polymer films becoming hydrophobic. An adhesion test was also conducted by pasting two veneered woods with the polymer complex, followed by shear-tearing them off. The adhesive strength of the complex was estimated to be 1.1 MPa. Part of this report was presented at the 55th (Kyoto, March 2005) and 56th (Akita, August 2006) Annual Meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society  相似文献   

Different longitudinal distribution patterns of native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout in Monbetsu stream, Hokkaido, northern Japan     

K. Hasegawa  K. Maekawa 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):189-192

Abstract  This study focused on longitudinal distribution patterns of native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout in a mountainous stream in Hokkaido, Japan. Brown trout ratio, which is the proportion of brown trout in the catch of salmonids, was decreasing from downstream to upstream. Brown trout ratio correlated negatively with water temperature. Thus, our results suggested that temperature may influence the possible competition between native white-spotted charr and non-native brown trout.  相似文献   

Effects of an impurity on malathion and its structural analog on rat liver carboxylesterases and erythrocyte esterases     

T. Imamura  L. Hasegawa 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1984,22(3):312-320

The inhibitory effects on liver microsomal carboxylesterases and erythrocyte membrane esterases produced by an impurity of malathion was investigated. Treatment of rats with an impurity of malathion, O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-Me), and its structural analog O,O-dimethyl S-ethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-Et) inhibited liver microsomal malathion and phenthoate carboxylesterases. The inhibition lasted for at least 7 days following a single oral administration of OOS-Me. These treatments inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and (Na⁺ + K⁺)-dependent ATPase of erythrocyte membranes which persisted at least 3 days. OOS-Et was a more potent inhibitor of all the esterases examined than OOS-Me. Pretreatment of rats with a metabolic inducer, phenobarbital, or a metabolic inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, had no effect on such inhibitory effects on liver microsomal carboxylesterases produced by OOS-Me or OOS-Et.  相似文献