Root water uptake of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) under deficit irrigation system     

Sara Mardaninejad  Hamid Zareabyaneh  Sayyed Hassan Tabatabaei  Abdolrahman Mohamadkhani 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(11):1569-1579

Root water uptake is a component of water balance that has not been clearly understood. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications under the greenhouse condition at Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. In this study, the root water uptake (RWU) by pepper plant under various irrigation water levels was investigated. Irrigation treatments included control (full irrigation level, FI) and three deficit irrigation levels, 80%, 60% and 40% of the plant's water requirement called DI₈₀, DI₆₀ and DI₄₀, respectively. A no-plant cover treatment with three replications was also used to measure evaporation from the soil surface. Daily measurements of volumetric soil moisture (VSM) were made at 10 cm intervals of the soil column. The differences between the measured VSM and the VSM in the next day, and evaporation rate at the soil surface at the same layer of the no-plant cover treatment were calculated and, eventually, the RWU in each layer per day was estimated. The results showed that the maximum and minimum RWUs were found in the FI and DI₄₀ treatments, respectively. The averages of root water uptakes in the DI₈₀, DI₆₀, and DI₄₀ treatments were reduced by 17.08%, 48.72% and 68.25%, respectively. Furthermore, in the DI₈₀ treatment, the reduced rate of water uptake was less than the reduced rate of water applied to the plants.  相似文献   

Influence of mycorrhizal fungi on growth,chlorophyll content,and potassium and magnesium uptake in maize     

Hassan Zare-Maivan  Narges Khanpour-Ardestani  Faezeh Ghanati 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):2026-2032

Mycorrhizal fungi affect growth and nutrition of host plants positively. In this research, influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) ongrowth, chlorophyll content, and potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) uptake in maize seedlings in pot culture was studied. This experiment was performed using natural soil containing a mixture of spores of Glomus spp. Mycorrhizal spores were exposed to four concentrations of K solution, i.e. 0.61 (soil K content), 0.92, and 1.23 meq/L and three concentrations of Mg, i.e. 4.8 (soil Mg content), 7.2, and 9.6 meq/L concurrently. Plants were watered every 4 days for 16 days with 50 mL distilled water. A pot with sterilized soil was used as negative control. For study of mycorrhizal colonization, very thin manually prepared longitudinal sections of plant roots (>1 mm in diameter) were stained with lactophenol-cottonblue and examined microscopically. Percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was determined using the grid-line intersect method. Samples from root and shoot of maize were collected for further analysis. Results showed mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher dry and fresh weight and chlorophyll content than plants grown in sterilized soil (p ≤ 0.05). Treatments with concentrations of 7.2 meq/L of magnesium alone and in combination with 0.92 meq/L of potassium with7.2 meq/L of Mg had better effect on morphological characters (dry and fresh weight of root and shoot). Mycorrhizal colonization increased Mg uptake but decreased K uptake.  相似文献   

Low phosphorus and competition affect Chinese fir cutting growth and root organic acid content: does neighboring root activity aggravate P nutrient deficiency?     

Pengfei Wu  Guangyu Wang  Taimoor Hassan Farooq  Qi Li  Xianhua Zou  Xiangqing Ma 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(12):2775-2785

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Discovery and characterization of a molecular marker for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerotinia minor</Emphasis> (Jagger) resistance in peanut     

Kelly D. Chenault  Andrea L. Maas  John P. Damicone  Mark E. Payton  Hassan A. Melouk 《Euphytica》2009,166(3):357-365

The production of cultivated peanut, an important agronomic crop throughout the United States and the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in the Southwestern US, Virginia and North Carolina. Although information on the variability of morphological traits associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance is plentiful, no molecular markers associated with resistance have been reported. The identification of markers would greatly assist peanut geneticists in selecting genotypes to be used in breeding programs. The main objective of this work was to use simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers previously reported for peanut to identify a molecular marker associated with resistance to S. minor. Out of 16 primer pairs used to examine peanut genomic DNA from 39 different genotypes, one pair produced bands at approximately 145 and 100 bp, consistent with either S. minor resistance or susceptibility, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of these bands revealed the region is well conserved among all genotypes tested with the exception of the length of the SSR region, which varies with disease resistance levels. This is the first report of a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia blight in peanut. The identification of this marker and development of a PCR-based screening method will prove to be extremely useful to peanut breeders in screening germplasm collections and segregating populations as well as in pyramiding S. minor resistance with other desirable traits into superior peanut lines.  相似文献   

Granular formulation of Fusarium oxysporum for biological control of faba bean and tomato Orobanche     

Nemat Alla MM  Shabana YM  Serag MM  Hassan NM  El-Hawary MM 《Pest management science》2008,64(12):1237-1249

BACKGROUND: Orobanche spp. represent a serious threat to a wide range of crops. They are difficult targets for herbicides, and biological control could provide a possible solution. This work therefore aimed to formulate mycoherbicides of Fusarium with adequate shelf life and virulence against Orobanche but safe to faba bean and tomato. RESULTS: Only two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. (Foxy I and Foxy II) obtained from diseased Orobanche shoots were found to be pathogenic to Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche ramosa L. Conidial suspension of both isolates significantly decreased germination, attachments and tubercles of Orobanche. Microconidia and chlamydospores of both isolates were formulated as mycoherbicides encapsulated in a wheat flour–kaolin matrix (four different formulations). All formulations greatly diminished Orobanche emerged shoots, total shoot number, shoot height, attachment of emerged shoots, the germinated seeds that succeeded in emerging above the soil surface and dry weight. Meanwhile, disease incidence and disease severity of emerged shoots were enhanced. The shelf life was adequate, particularly for coarse, freshly prepared, low‐temperature‐stored, microconidia‐rich formulations. The induced growth reduction of Orobanche‐infected host plants seemed to be nullified by formulations, particularly at the highest dose. CONCLUSION: These formulations seemed to destroy Orobanche but appeared harmless to host plants. Hence, they could be efficiently used as mycoherbicides for biological control of Orobanche in faba bean and tomato. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Enhanced control of bacterial wilt of tomato by DL-3-aminobutyric acid and the fluorescent Pseudomonas isolate CW2     

Hassan  M. A. E.  Buchenauer  H. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2008,115(5):199-207

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Soil treatments with DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and the fluorescent Pseudomonas isolate CW2 significantly reduced bacterial wilt on tomato plants...  相似文献   

Reproductive Development of Santa Inês Rams During the First Year of Life: Body and Testis Growth,Testosterone Concentrations,Sperm Parameters,Age at Puberty and Seminal Plasma Proteins     

CEA Souza  AA Araújo  JTA Oliveira  AC Lima Souza  JNM Neiva  AA Moura 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):644-653

We have investigated the reproductive development of the tropically adapted Santa Inês ram, the most common hair sheep in Brazil. From 8 to 48 weeks of age, 16 animals were evaluated for body and testis growth, semen parameters, testosterone concentrations and seminal plasma proteins, using two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. Animals were weaned at 30 days and kept in feedlots thereafter, receiving hay, concentrate (18% of crude protein) and mineral supplement. Body weight increased from 12.3 ± 0.7 to 54.3 ± 1.6 kg between 8 and 48 weeks (p < 0.05), but changes in thoracic perimeter and scrotal circumference were non‐significant after 36 weeks (p > 0.05). The percentage of motile sperm increased slowly until 23 weeks and more rapidly after that age, but significant changes in progressive motility occurred after 25 weeks. Presence of abnormal sperm related inversely to age. Most significant changes in sperm concentration occurred between 38 and 44 weeks (0.38 ± 0.05 to 1.14 ± 0.24 × 10⁹ cells/ml, p < 0.05) and testosterone reached its highest concentrations at 42 weeks, decreasing afterwards. Rams reached puberty at 28.2 ± 0.8 weeks. The number of protein spots on seminal plasma gels was similar from 15 to 18 weeks (45 and 47 spots; p > 0.05), increased until 24 weeks (141 spots) and 28 weeks (170 spots; p < 0.05) and remained without significant (p > 0.05) changes from 28 to 48 weeks (186 ± 10 spots). Furthermore, the intensity of selected spots on 2D maps increased (p < 0.05) between 15 and 28 weeks, which preceded or coincided with the main developmental changes in sperm motility and percentage of defective sperm in the ejaculates. These results will support future studies designed to characterize specific seminal plasma proteins whose expression relate to the development of testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands.  相似文献   

The Arterial Supply of the Pelvic Limb of the Adult Ostrich (Struthio camelus)     

S. M. El‐Nahla  T. El‐Mahdy  L. C. Abbott  S. A. M. Hassan 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2010,39(4):339-354

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The impact of staphylococcal mastitis on the level of milk IL-6, lysozyme and nitric oxide     

Osman KM  Hassan HM  Ibrahim IM  Mikhail MM 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(1):85-93

Mammary gland secretions derived from secretory cows infected with coagulase +ve Staphylococcus spp. was examined for the expression of IL-6, production of lysozyme and NO(x). The examined cows reflected 25 cases of subclinical mastitis and 15 cases of clinically mastitic animals. The IL-6 concentration in the subclinical animals was significantly higher (30.8 ng/ml) than the clinically manifested animals (18.0 ng/ml) and the normal cows (5.2n g/ml). On the other hand the level of lysozyme although significantly higher than the normal cows (6.9 microg/ml) yet its level in the subclinical animals (11.2 microg/ml) was lower than that estimated in the clinical animals (15.6 microg/ml). Similarly, the level of NO(x) in the normal animals was found to be 5.6 microM/ml to increase to 6.2 microM/ml in the subclinical mastitic animals and to significantly increase further to 11.5 microM/ml in the clinically affected cows. These results suggest the promising use of whey IL-6, lysozyme or/and NO concentration variabilities as prognostic parameters on the degree of the commencement of mastitis in cows.  相似文献   

Androgens modulate growth hormone-releasing factor-induced GH release from bovine anterior pituitary cells in static culture.     

H A Hassan  R A Merkel  W J Enright  H A Tucker 《Domestic animal endocrinology》1992,9(3):209-217

Static primary cultures of bovine anterior pituitary (AP) cells were utilized to study the effect of sex steroids on basal growth hormone (GH) and GH-releasing hormone (GRF)-stimulated release of GH. The AP cells (5 x 10(5) cells/well) were allowed to attach for 72 hr and become confluent before treatments were imposed. Cells were incubated for an additional 24, 48 or 72 hr with either estradiol-17 beta (E2, 10(-11) to 10(-8) M), testosterone (T, 10(-8) to 10(-5) M), dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 10(-9) to 10(-6) M) or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol, 10(-11) to 10(-8) M). Media were collected every 24 hr and GH concentrations determined by RIA. Incubation of calf AP cells with gonadal steroids did not affect (P > 0.05) basal GH released at 24, 48, or 72 hr. In another experiment, calf AP cells were incubated with the same concentrations of the steroids for 24 hr, media harvested, cells washed and challenged in serum-free media for 1 hr with bovine GRF 1-44-NH2 (10(-8) M). In non-steroid treated wells, GRF increased (P < 0.05) GH from 58 to 134 ng/ml. Incubation with E2 or 3 alpha-diol did not affect (P > 0.05) GRF-induced GH release; however, preincubation with T (10(-5) M) and DHT (10(-9), 10(-8) and 10(-7) M) increased (P < 0.05) GRF-induced GH release above control concentrations (195, 235, 190 and 185 ng/ml, respectively). At the doses tested, sex steroids did not affect basal release of GH, but androgens increased responsiveness of somatotropes to GRF.  相似文献